二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E14

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

缅♥甸♥的石油这项丰厚的奖品...
They were racing to win the
rich prize of Burma's oil...
但只发现一个燃烧的地狱
but found instead a blazing inferno.
在一个油井,价值一千一百万英镑
的石油和厂房♥在70分钟里被炸毁
At one installation, £11 million worth
of oil and plant went up in 70 minutes.
难民:欧亚人,中国人,印度人
Refugees: Eurasians, Chinese, lndians.
我们看见印度人死在路边...
我们对此无能为力
(Bowers) lndians we saw die on the
roadside... we could do nothing about it.
我们只是不得不考虑自己并继续前进
We just had to think about
ourselves and go on.
日本人在驱赶缅♥甸♥人♥民♥...
The Japanese were driving Burma people...
他们成千人地到来那里有一些可怕的场景
in their thousands they were coming through.
There were some terrible sights there.
有人被丢下,
Men were left behind,
看到他们经常被迫与他们
的家人分开真是让人心碎,
and it was heart-breaking very often, yes,
to see them being separated from their people,
不知道他们是否还会重逢
他们成百地死去
wondering whether they'd meet up again.
They were dying in their hundreds.
你所能做的就是把他们堆起来,
All you used to do was pile 'em up,
在他们身上倒上汽油并在他们身上放把火
throw petrol over them and set fire to them
那就是那些人的结局
and that was the end of those.
我们实际上在原始森林中劈开一条路
We had to hack through
virgin jungle practically
以逃离那个国家,我们不得不自行找到去印度的路
to get out of that country,
and we had to find our own way to lndia.
我想逃出缅♥甸♥的那次可怕旅程给我留下的总体印象
l think the overall impression I had
of that horrible trek out of Burma
就是它似乎显示出人们最好和最坏的一面
was that it seemed to bring the best
and worst out of people.
(沃尔特·波勒皇家陆军军需部队少校)
一些我很敬仰和尊重的人
Some people who l'd looked
up to and respected
我发现我无法再尊敬他们了
l found I couldn't respect any more
因为他们在那次行军中变得完全不同
because they became
entirely different on that march.
事实上,我感觉这是个适者生存的问题
In fact, I felt that it was
a question of survival of the fittest.
英国战俘...仅一次遭遇战就有5000人(被俘)
British prisoners...
5,000 in one engagement alone.
日本人鄙视那些投降的军人
The Japanese despised
those who surrendered.
他们相信士兵应该战斗到死
They believed soldiers
should fight to the death.
我们感觉英国♥军♥官是非常优秀的战士...
(Okada) We felt the British officer
was a very good fighter...
我们俘虏的所有军官,他们
总是对我说,"我们将赢得战争"
all of the ones we captured, they always
said to me, "We will win the war."
这是我不能理解的,因为这是一个投降了的人
Now this I couldn't understand, because
here is a man who has surrendered
而他仍然说,"我们将赢得战争"
and he still says,
"We will win the war."
穿过被丢弃的缅♥甸♥城市,
Through the deserted cities of Burma,
得胜的日本人一路凯♥旋♥地进军
the conquering Japanese
marched in triumph.
缅♥甸♥人♥民♥的帝国主人
现在正从一个换成另一个
The Burmese people were now exchanging
one set of imperial masters for another.
五个月后,到1942年5月,
ln five months, by May 1942,
日本人一路追逐英国人经过仰光,
the Japanese chased the British up past Rangoon,
穿过伊洛瓦底江和钦敦江河谷,
到达印度边境并(将英国人)完全赶出缅♥甸♥
through the lrrawaddy and Chindwin valleys, to
the frontiers of lndia and out of Burma altogether.
这是英国历史上最长的撤退
lt was the longest retreat
in British history.
日本人还把另一支军队,中国远征军,
经过曼德勒赶回中国
The Japanese also drove another army,
the Chinese,up to Mandalay towards China.
自从1931年起就与日本交战的中国人,
The Chinese,at war with Japan since 1931,
正在保护他们的补给线,
were protecting their supply line,
缅♥甸♥路(滇緬公路)
the Burma Road.
中国与西方列强结盟
China was allied to the western powers.
指挥中国驻缅♥甸♥军队的是美国人史迪威将军
ln command of Chinese forces in Burma
was the American, General Stilwell.
史迪威,中国最高指挥官蒋♥介♥石♥的参谋长,
Stilwell, chief of staff to the Chinese
supreme commander Chiang Kai-shek,
守护的是美国的利益
watched America's interests.
印度的(英军)总司令是韦维尔将军
The commander-in-chief, lndia,
was General Wavell.
从中东调任过来,
Transferred from the Middle East,
现在他在资源稀缺的情况下
面对一个强大的敌人
he now faced a formidable foe
with scanty resources.
但当他的驻缅军还在舔其伤口的时候,他就策划
在1942年底进行一次反扑,一次有限攻势
But while his Burma army licked its wounds,he planned
a comeback,a limited offensive for late in 1942.
韦维尔选择在靠近印度边境
孟加拉湾的阿♥拉♥干发动这次攻势
Wavell chose to mount this offensive in the Arakan,
on the Bay of Bengal,near the lndian Border.
在一个充满希望的开头后,
一切都出了错
After a hopeful beginning,
everything went wrong.
英国人又一次被智取和击败了
The British were outmanoeuvred
and outfought again,
并被推回到他们的起点
and pushed back to their starting point.
他们仍然没有学会适应丛林
They still had not learned
to adapt to the jungle.
在丛林中,幸运地是,在缅♥甸♥
的丛林中,长着许多竹子,
ln the jungle, fortunately,the Burmese jungle,
there are many bamboo growths,
而在日本我们都吃竹笋,
and in Japan we all eat bamboo shoots,
所以到处都有许多以竹笋形式存在的天然食物
so there was a lot of natural food in the
form of bamboo shoots all over the place.
除了那点,我们都知道
猴子能吃的,我们也能吃
Apart from that, we all know that
what a monkey can eat, we can eat too.
所以如果你看着猴子
并避开它们也避开吃的东西,
So if you watch the monkeys and
avoid what the monkeys also avoid,
你就相当安全了
you are fairly safe.
除此之外还有一种叫袋狸
的动物...那是一种老鼠...
Apart from that there are such creatures
as bandicoots... a type of rat, you see...
蛇,丛林蜥蜴和蛤蚧...小的蜥蜴...
snakes, jungle lizards and tokay...
small lizards...
你把头切下来,
把它们切细并做成咖喱,
you cut off the head, chop them up
and make into curry,
浇上胡椒粉,就能做出美味的咖喱
mixed with pepper, can make good curry.
我们有我们的肉,约克郡布丁
和诸如此类的东西...
We have our meats and Yorkshire
puddings and so forth...
他们以米饭为生
they lived on rice.
你不可能在那里搞到肉和约克郡布丁
和绿色(蔬菜)和土豆,
You can't get meat and Yorkshire pudding
and greens and potatoes out there,
所以我们不得不重新调整一下自己
并以军队能为我们提供的东西为生,
so we had to reorganise ourselves and lived on
the things that the army could produce for us,
比如咸牛肉
like corned beef.
这是我知道的唯一一个你打开一罐咸牛肉
并可以把它像液体一样倒出来的地方
And this is the only place I know where you could open
a tin of corned beef and pour it out like a liquid.
有一个人将利用丛林:
One man who was going to use the jungle:
奥德·温盖特,一个经验丰富的游击战士,
Orde Wingate, an experienced
guerrilla fighter,
极端非正规,有一种狂热分子的特征
supremely unorthodox,
with a touch of the fanatic.
现在他计划深入敌占区进行
一次突击,补给则从空中获取
Now he planned a raid deep in enemy
territory, to be supplied from the air.
他指挥着"钦迪特",
由普通的英国和廓尔喀部队组成,
He commanded the Chindits,
ordinary British and Gurkha troops,
但(他们)受过密集的训练
but intensively trained.
第一次行动最初是陪同进行
一次进入缅♥甸♥的常规行军,
(Calvert) The first operation was initially
to accompany a general advance into Burma,
但这次常规行军被取消了
but the general advance was cancelled.
然而,韦维尔想要这次远征进行下去
However, Wavell wanted
the expedition to go forward.
1943年2月:第一次钦迪特远征
February 1943: the first Chindit expedition.
这次行动不可能再糟糕了...
The going could not have been worse...
在茂密,多斜坡的丛林里长距离行走,
总有更多的一条河要渡过
long distances in dense, hilly jungle,
and always one more river to cross.
天热到了极点,饮用水短缺,
The heat was extreme,
drinking water was short,
疟疾肆虐
and malaria was rampant.
但英国人终于象敌人一样战斗,
But at last the British were fighting
as the enemy did,
学会将丛林变成他们自己的优势...
但(他们)仍然憎恨它
learning to turn the jungle to their
own advantage... but still hating it.
丛林的闷热和气味很讨厌非常讨厌
The heat and the smell
of the jungle was vile. Very vile.
你不可能永远生活在丛林里...
你受不了那种味道
You couldn't live in the jungle for an
eternity... you'd never stand the smell.