二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E22

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

他们会把我们带到一个食堂
他们会给我们一碗汤
they would take us to a dining room
and they would give us one bowl of soup.
事实上,那只是(一碗)热盐水
里面也许有两三粒黄豆
Actually, it was hot salt water
with maybe two or three soy beans.
我们非常饿
And we are very hungry.
或者在碗底也许只有一根面条
Or maybe just one noodle at the bottom.
我们得到的一切东西都要通过配给
Everything we got through rations.
除非我们有一张配给卡,
我们得不到任何东西
Unless we have a card for rations,
we couldn't get anything.
我们不得不做一些自给自足(的工作),
我们在我们的花♥园♥里种土豆
We have to do some self-supply,
and we grew potatoes in our gardens.
我们非常努力地工作来种我们自己的蔬菜
We worked very hard
to grow our own vegetables.
我们每天的生活,那种生活非常,非常艰难
Our everyday life,that life was very, very hard.
皇后本人承担了一个新角色,
The empress herself
took on a new role,
敦促国家作出更多努力,更多牺牲
urging the nation to more
effort, more sacrifice.
为了胜利,牺牲是必要的,
Sacrifice was necessary for victory,
而他们对取得最终胜利的信心仍未动摇
and in final victory
their belief was still unshaken.
没人知道,到了1942年6月
None knew that by June 1942,
战争已经到了仅仅为了生存而战的地步
the battle had already become
one simply for survival.
1942年6月
June 1942.
美国战机起飞拦截一支进攻中途岛的日本舰队
United States war planes take off to intercept
a Japanese armada attacking the island of Midway.
为了这场战役,日本海军(联合舰队)总司令
山本(五十六)海军大将,
To this battle, Admiral Yamamoto,
the Japanese naval commander-in-chief,
派出了日本(联合)舰队中四艘最大的航♥空♥母舰
had committed the four largest
aircraft carriers in the Japanese fleet.
当(中途岛)战役在1942年6月5日结束时,
When the battle ended on 5 June 1942,
山本的四艘航母要么成了
燃烧着的残骸要么被击沉
Yamamoto's four carriers
were blazing wrecks or sunk.
中途岛(战役)是一场日本海军
再也未能从中恢复过来的战败
Midway was a defeat from which
Japan's navy never recovered.
但日本人♥民♥被告知中途岛是一场胜利
But the Japanese people were told
that Midway was a victory.
真♥相♥甚至对政♥府♥成员也隐瞒起来
The truth was concealed even
from members of the government.
(星野直樹内阁官房♥长官战后被判决为甲级战犯)
我们被告知一艘航♥空♥母舰被击沉一艘被严重损坏
We were told that one aircraft carrier
was sunk and one was severely damaged.
由于有四艘航母参加了这场战役,
Since there were four carriers
involved in the battle,
(那么)根据我们听到的说法,
(应该)有三艘已经回来了,
the way we heard it,
three had come back,
尽管有一艘被严重损坏
although one was severely damaged.
但英美这边说全部四艘都被击沉了
But the Anglo-American side was
saying that all four had been sunk.
这在我们的心中留下了一些怀疑
This left some doubts in our minds.
我们强烈要求海军给我们更多的细节,
We pressed the navy
to give us more details,
但他们坚持他们原来的说法
but they stuck to their original announcement.
在中途岛战役中我是个新闻摄影师
I was a news cameraman
in the Midway battle.
当我们回到我们位于日本海的基地时,
When we got back to our base
in the Japan Sea,
我们甚至未被允许写任何信
we were not even allowed
to write any letters.
伤员被安置在隔离病房♥内
The wounded were kept
in the isolation wards.
一个绝密命令规定决不许谈论中途岛战役,
A top-secret order said that nothing
could be talked of the Midway battle,
甚至在海军内部也不可以
not even within the navy itself.
在回到日本后我事实上被关押了一个半月
l was virtually kept prisoner for about
a month and a half after returning to Japan.
作为一个记者,我受到了特别严格的监视
As a journalist, I was kept under
particularly strict surveillance
因为我们据说是喜欢夸夸其谈的家伙
而且口风很不紧的大嘴巴
because we were reputedly great talkers
and loose with our tongues.
在战争剩下的时间里我被禁止回到东京
And I was kept from going back to Tokyo
while the rest of the war lasted.
真实的情况当然从未被"日本放送協会"播出
The true situation was never broadcast
from the NHK, of course.
那时候播出的...每条新闻都被严格审查
Every news... broadcast was
strictly censored in those days.
公众只知道日本陆军和海军在
不断取得他们打的每场战役的胜利
The general public only knew that the Japanese
army and navy kept winning every battle they fought.
没有新闻,只有宣传
No news, just propaganda.
在宣传影片里那被不断描绘的战斗中
只有一个结果是可以想象的
Only one outcome was imaginable in the conflict
ceaselessly portrayed in the propaganda films.
东方人♥民♥的白人压♥迫♥者被勇敢的日本士兵战胜
The white oppressors of Oriental people
overcome by the brave Japanese soldier.
斯巴达式的日本士兵,反过来,
The spartan Japanese soldier, in turn,
被对他的白种敌人安逸的生活
的蔑视和暴怒弄得感觉受不了
overcome by contempt and rage
at his white enemy's soft living.
东京,1943年6月5日
Tokyo, 5 June 1943.
策划了(偷袭)珍珠港胜利的伟大指挥官
山本五十六海军大将的国葬
The state funeral for Admiral lsoroku Yamamoto,the great
commander who had masterminded the victory at Pearl Harbour.
日本人♥民♥被告知,山本象英雄那样
在前线的一架战机里英勇地死去,
Yamamoto died a hero,the Japanese people were told,
in the front line,meeting death gallantly in a war plane.
失去他(的损失)比失去许多战舰(的损失)还要大
His loss was greater than many battleships.
但这场对一次战败的首次公开承认,
But this first public admission of a defeat,
尽管被描绘成仅仅象征英雄主义,
although represented as only symbolic of heroism,
却隐藏了山本本人已经清楚意识到的严酷事实
hid grimmer truths of which
Yamamoto himself had been well aware.
他知道敌人的物质优势,一旦被
全面动员起来,将会是压倒性的
He knew that the enemy's material superiority,
once fully mobilised,would be overwhelming.
在珍珠港,他打赌战争将会是短暂的
At Pearl Harbour, he had gambled
that the war would be a short one.
在中途岛,赌博输掉了
At Midway, the gamble was lost.
山本在现在充斥着敌人飞机的天空中被击落,
(这片天空下的)海洋现在被敌人的海军所控制
Yamamoto had been shot down in skies now swarming with
enemy planes,over seas now dominated by the enemy's navy.
到1944年,天平已完全偏离日本一边
By 1944, the scales had tipped
fully against Japan.
金属已成为一种宝贵的战争商品
贵重到不能用来做装饰品或用于典礼
Metal had become a precious war commodity
too valuable for ornament or ceremony.
这场战争是为一片原材料稀缺的土地
取得它们而打...最重要的,是为了石油
The war had been fought to secure raw materials
for a land where they were scarce...above all, for oil.
但现在东条将军吹嘘的将从他们
征服的地区流回(日本)的资源
But now the resources General Tojo had
boasted would flow from their conquests
正被(潜艇)送入大洋的海底而不是运回日本
were getting no nearer to Japan
than the bottom of the ocean.
运回的(资源)不足以使战争机器继续运转
Not enough got through
to keep the war machine going.
食物很稀缺
And food was scarce.
官方的每天1500卡路里的(食物)配给量,
(相当于)维持生存的水平,经常不能被满足
The official daily ration of 1500 calories,
subsistence level,was often not met.
大米收成是50年来最差的
The rice harvest
was the worst for 50 years.
饥荒在附近徘徊
Starvation hovered close.
1941年的胜利已将日本置于一个
巨大的,被誓死捍卫的保护圈之后,
The victories of 1941 had placed Japan behind
a vast protective ring,defended in death.
到了1944年年中,
By the middle of 1944,
麦克阿瑟将军的两栖军队已将这个(防卫圈)
缩减到一个取决于塞班岛的内部防卫圈
General MacArthur's amphibious armies had reduced
this to an inner ring hinging on the island of Saipan.
在日本的飞行距离之内的塞班岛,
Saipan, within flying distance of Japan,
被日本军方断言是一面坚不可摧的盾牌
was claimed by the Japanese military
to be a shield and an impregnable one.
它应该(是面无法攻破的盾牌,因为
对日本人来说)这是性命攸关的
lt was vital that it should be.
(実松譲海军情报部指挥官)
我们意识到如果塞班岛丢了,
It was realised that if Saipan was lost,
我们会处于一个非常困难的境地
we would be in a very difficult position.
塞班岛的重要性在于一旦它沦陷了,
The importance of Saipan
was that once it fell,
战争将直接展现在日本的眼前
the war would be right
in front of Japan's eyes.
日本将处于美国飞机的轰炸航程之内
Japan would come within
bombing range of US planes.
对日本而言它是一个绝对重要的防御地区
lt was an absolutely vital
defence area for Japan.
1944年6月15日,
On 15 June 1944,
经过五天的海空饱和轰炸之后,
after five days of saturation
bombardment by sea and air,
美国突击部队向海岸发起冲击
American assault troops stormed ashore.
一如往常,日本守备部队战斗至最后一人
As always, the Japanese garrison
fought to the last.
在这里,第一次,日本平民...
Here, for the first time,