二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E12

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

纳粹带着一种十分孩子气的妄想加入这场战争
(Harris) The Nazis entered this war
under the rather childish delusion
那就是他们会轰炸其他所有人
that they were going to bomb
everybody else
而没人会轰炸他们
and nobody was going to bomb them.
在鹿特丹,伦敦,华沙和其他50个地方,
At Rotterdam, London, Warsaw
and half a hundred other places,
他们把那个十分天真的理论付诸行动
they put that rather naive theory
into operation.
他们播撒下风(的种子)
而现在他们将收获旋风
They sowed the wind and now
they are going to reap the whirlwind.
我把他们派去轰炸波罗的海
的德国北部港口,
l put them onto the north German ports
in the Baltic,
(阿瑟·哈里斯爵士皇家空军元帅人称"轰炸机"哈里斯)
因为,我自己在夜晚飞过很长一段时间后,
because, having flown
quite a bit at night myself,
我意识到最容易找到的目标,当然,
l realised that the easiest targets
to get hold of, of course,
总是那些在海岸线上的目标
were always the ones on the coastline.
因为如果你能看见什么东西,
你一定能看见海岸线
Because if you can see anything,
you can see a coastline.
如果你能看见海岸线
那奇特的形状,
lf you can see a coastline
with its odd shapes,
你就能一路找到港口并认出它们
you can find your way along to ports
and recognise them.
吕贝克和罗斯托克是首批主要目标
Lubeck and Rostock
were the first major targets.
作为港口,它们很容易找到
As ports, they were easy to find.
而它们烧得很彻底
And they burnt well.
1942年3月,230架轰炸机
摧毁了半个吕贝克
ln March 1942, 230 bombers
destroyed half Lubeck.
4月,罗斯托克被炸成一片火海
ln April,Rostock was bombed into flames.
(轰炸)方式被确定下来:夜间区域轰炸
The style was set: night area bombing.
这将成为接下来三年的模式
This was to become the pattern
for the next three years.
这(种轰炸方式)很可怕,
它(对平民目标)是不加区别的
lt was terrifying,
it was indiscriminate,
但就轰炸机司令部而言,没有其他选择
but as far as Bomber Command
was concerned, there was no alternative.
有多少时候,
How many occasions,
向窗外看去,或在花♥园♥里散步,
looking out of the window,
or walking out in the garden,
你抬头能看到18,000或20,000英尺外(的东西)?
could you see up to 18 or 20,000 feet?
可能最多两或三天
Maybe on two or three days at most.
如果你抬头能看到那么远,
有多少时候你能保证
On how many occasions can you
guarantee if you see up to it here,
你在500英里以外,欧洲的另一头
向下也能看到那么远?
that you could see down to it 500 miles
away,in the other end of Europe?
就是那么回事
That was the situation.
没有命中单个目标,
一向很小的目标的可能性,
There's no possibility of hitting the individual
targets,consistently small targets,
直到我们得到了能在黑暗中或穿过云层
显示那些目标的电子导航辅助设备
until we got the navigational electronic aids that would
show those targets up in the dark or through clouds.
第一种用于导航的电子辅助设备
现在投入了使用它被称为GEE
The first electronic aid to navigation
now came into service.lt was called GEE.
在英国的三座无线电发射塔
向西欧发出一张不可见的信♥号♥♥网络
Three radio transmitters in England sent out an
invisible grid of signals across western Europe.
通过监视这些信♥号♥♥
并将它们标绘在地图上,
By monitoring the signals
and plotting them on a map,
一个领航员能分辨出他的飞机在哪里
a navigator could tell
where his aircraft was.
GEE首先被用在科隆
GEE was first used at Cologne.
在这里,哈里斯投入了他能搜集到的每架
轰炸机进行了一次非常有影响力的攻击
Here, Harris threw in every bomber he could
scrape up for a monumental prestige attack.
在你们的手中有着一种可以摧毁大部分
敌人战争努力赖以为系的资源的工具
In your hands lie the means of destroying
a major part of the resources by which
the enemy's war effort is maintained.
将你们的攻击坚持到底
如果你们各自取得成功,
Press home your attack.
lf you individually succeed,
你们将对敌人的要害给予最致命的一击
you will have delivered the most devastating
blow against the very vitals of the enemy.
让他在下巴上结结实实挨上一下
Let him have it right on the chin.
把那信息传到所有大队和基地
Send that message
to all groups and stations.
我试图向他们展示用一支接近足够
数量的部队可以取得什么样的战果,
I was trying to show them what could be achieved
with something approaching an adequate force,
而且这种战果可以不用不正常的伤亡就取得
and that it would be achieved
without abnormal casualties.
希♥特♥勒♥德国的黑夜即将被变得十分可怕
The dark hours over Hitler's Germany
are about to be made hideous.
轰炸机司令部的战士知道
的很清楚他们必须做什么
The men of Bomber Command
know well what they have to do.
一个平静,月光照耀的夜晚,
从飞机到战鸽,一切都做好了准备并等待着
A calm, moonlit night,everything ready and
waiting,from planes to carrier pigeons.
它们似乎知道行动开始了
来吧,伙计们,开始行动
They seem to know the ops are on.
Come on, fellas, get cracking.
皇家空军的一昼夜
Round the clock with the RAF.
在一个又一个基地,有许多
重型轰炸机,包括"兰开斯特"式,
At station after station, there
are heavies, including Lancasters,
当前最重要的重型轰炸机,
为今晚做好了准备
the heavy bomber of the moment,
ready for tonight.
因为今晚将会非常,非常有趣...
For tonight is going
to be very, very interesting...
一个千架轰炸机之夜
a thousand-bomber night.
在1942年5月30日的那个夜晚,
On that night, May 30, 1942,
1,046架轰炸机出发去轰炸科隆
1,046 bombers took off for Cologne.
(德语)过了一会儿我们也同样
听到了飞近的轰炸机的嗡嗡声
Wir hörten auch gleich kurz darauf
das Brummen der anfliegenden Bomber.
我们听到了飞近的轰炸机的嗡嗡声
We heard the drone
of the approaching bombers
并猜测这是一个很大的编队
and guessed that
it was a heavy formation.
(劳拉·斯冉夫人科隆医院护士)
很快,第一批炸♥弹♥掉在我们周围
And soon after,
the first bombs fell around us.
我们都害怕得发抖
一些人几乎晕过去了
We were all shaking with fear.
Some people nearly fainted.
许多病人在哭泣
Many of the patients were crying.
(炸♥弹♥)爆♥炸♥声和(房♥子)倒塌声变得越来越近
The roaring and crashing
came closer and closer.
我们真的觉得是一片混乱
We really thought
all hell was breaking loose.
城市中我们所在的这个地区成了一片火海
Our part of the city was in flames.
人们正跑出地窖跑出房♥子
People were running out of cellars
and out of houses.
有些人被埋在废墟里
Some were buried in the rubble.
其他人被掉落的砖石砸中
Others were caught
by the falling masonry.
许多人实际上着了火,
象活着的火炬一样四处奔跑
Many people actually caught fire,
running around like living torches.
我们真的没预计到,在42年,
会发生一次这么猛烈的空袭
We really didn't expect, in '42,
that such a heavy raid would take place.
我们只习惯了小一些的攻击,
We were only used to smaller attacks,
(阿尔伯特·斯佩尔纳粹德国♥军♥备部长)
当我得知大约1,000架轰炸机在攻击科隆的消息时,
and when I got the news that about
1,000 bombers were attacking Cologne,
那感觉真是难以置信
it was incredible.
人们的士气并没有被打击太多
The morale of the people
was not shattered too much.
这更象是一个一会儿就过去的短暂打击
lt was more like a short shock
which passed away.
德国工业仍很富有活力尽管工业中心
鲁尔整个1942年都处于空袭之下
German industry remained resilient, although Ruhr,
the industrial heart, was under attack throughout 1942.
破坏很巨大,但经济中有一些闲置部分
被利用起来进行更多的战争生产
Damage was extensive,but there was some slack
in the economy to be taken up in more war production.
纳粹战争机器在鼓舞平民士气方面很有技巧
The Nazi war machine was skilled
at orchestrating civilian morale.
(♪ "德意志之歌♥")
(♪ "Deutschlandlied")
飞机的声音
Flugzeuggeräusch.
请给02:15时钟措施的速度计时
Bitte mal die Geschwindigkeit
von 02:15 Uhr nachmessen.
德国人能给予也能吸取(教训)
The Germans could give as well as take.
德国空军敏锐地意识到由雷达支配
的皇家空军在不列颠之战中给予它的教训
The Luftwaffe was acutely aware of the lesson radar-controlled
RAF fighters had taught it during the Battle of Britain.
防空司令(约瑟夫·)卡姆胡贝将军
发展出一套最有效的系统
Air defence chief General Kammhuber
evolved a most efficient system.
在整个北海海岸