二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E06

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

30多年来的每一天,
Every day now,
for more than 30 years,
这对夫妇都要进行这种古怪的仪式
this couple have carried out
this quaint ceremony
想要,在他们的神面前,
为七个灵魂赎罪
meant, before their god,
to expiate the guilt of seven souls.
这是日本
This is Japan
而这七个灵魂属于在1945年后
被盟军绞死的七个日本战犯
and the seven souls belong to the seven Japanese
war criminals hanged by the Allies after 1945.
在第一次世界大战后的大萧条中,
日本比大多数国家遭受了更多(的苦难)
Japan suffered more than most countries from
the Great Depression after the First World War.
人口迅速增长
The population was increasing fast
每年都新增一百万张嘴要喂
and every year produced
another million mouths to feed.
日本本身矿产资源匮乏失业率很高,
Japan had no mineral resources
of her own, unemployment was high,
而粮食歉收给农村地区带来灾难性的饥荒
and crop failures brought
disastrous famines in rural areas.
那些日子里大众生活非常艰苦
General public's life was
very hard in those days
大多数年轻军官来自于低阶层的农民家庭
and most of the young military officers
came from low-class agricultural families.
而我们的文化处于
一个非常,非常艰难的地位
And our culture was in
a very, very hard position.
1930年正是日本进入可能被称为
她历史上的痉挛期的时候
1930 was the time when Japan entered what might
be called her convulsive period of history.
极端民族主义者的影响增长
The influence of the ultra-nationalists grew
诸如5月15日年轻军官的暴♥动♥这样的事件
and such incidents as
the young officers' revolt of May 15
将日本一步步置于军方的控制下
placed Japan step by step
under the power of the military.
政♥治♥家们只能在军队之后位居次席
The politicians took second place
to the army.
日本陆军一直到1930年代初都名声不佳,
The Japanese army had been in disrepute
till about the beginning of the 1930s,
然后通过所谓的爱国团体东山再起...
and then they came back through
the so-called patriotic societies...
它们("爱国团体")中许多都不过是些暴徒
many of them no more than gangsters
他们会以爱国主义的名义
犯下任何罪行
who could commit any misdeed
in the name of patriotism.
那几年是一些作家将其描述为
"被暗♥杀♥的政♥府♥"的时期
Those were the years certain authors have described
as the period of government by assassination.
在那些日子里有过几次
针对首相和领导人的暗♥杀♥
And there were several assassinations
of prime ministers and leaders in those days
就因为他们有自♥由♥的观点
just because they had liberal views
或因为他们支持和美国,英国,或更多的
其他民♥主♥国家保持更良好的关系
or because they favoured better relations with the United
States, Britain,or more other democratic-minded nations.
军队还控制了教育系统
The army also controlled
the education system.
一种对武道的尊重
A respect for the martial arts
从每个日本孩子年纪还很小的时候
就被反复灌输给他
was inculcated into every Japanese child
from an early age.
对日本人来说,他们的天♥皇♥是一个神
To the Japanese,
their emperor was a god.
但是裕仁(天♥皇♥)选择统治而不是控制
But Hirohito chose to reign,
not to rule.
他允许自己被军方操纵,
He allowed himself
to be manipulated by the military,
由于每个日本人都发誓
至死为天♥皇♥效忠,
and since every Japanese was pledged
to serve the emperor unto death,
他的纵容对军队来说
是一项相当大的资产
his connivance was
a considerable asset to the army.
为了解决日本的经济问题,
To solve Japan's economic problems,
军方赞成在亚洲大♥陆♥进行扩张
the army favoured expansion
on the Asian mainland.
朝鲜已经成为日本的(领土)很长时间,
而自1905年战胜沙皇俄♥国♥以来,
Korea had long been Japan's, and since
her victory over Tsarist Russia in 1905,
日本也被允许在满洲
(中国东北三省)驻扎军队
Japan had also been allowed
to station troops in Manchuria.
满洲的大部分都是空旷的荒野,
Manchuria was mostly empty wilderness,
但它蕴含有日本缺乏的原材料,
but it contained raw materials
that Japan lacked,
比如煤和铁矿石
such as coal and iron ore.
对在东京的政♥治♥家未能看到一劳永逸地
夺取满洲这个明显的需要感到不耐烦,
Impatient that the politicians back in Tokyo did not see
the obvious need to seize Manchuria once and for all,
1931年一伙极端分子
渗透到那里的日本守备部队
a group of extremists in 1931
infiltrated the Japanese garrisons there
并说服他们进攻满洲虚弱的
军队(张学良的东北军)
and persuaded them
to take on Manchuria's feeble army.
没有遭到什么真正的抵抗,
Against little real opposition,
日军很快就控制了整个地区,
the Japanese army soon controlled
the whole country,
迫使不幸的满州人背井离乡,
driving the luckless Manchurians
before them.
世界被震惊了,但什么也没做...
The world was shocked,
but did nothing...
除了在国际联盟进行一次责难
apart from a rebuke
at the League of Nations.
日本,然而,
Japan, however,
觉得不能接受被(国联)大会
通过的(李顿调查团)报告
finds it impossible to accept
the report adopted by the assembly.
所以日本退出国际联盟
And so Japan leaves the League.
远东的战争风云给整个世界投下♥阴♥影
The Far Eastern war cloud
casts its shadow over the whole world.
由于他们如此轻松地占领了满州
Because they had occupied
Manchuria with such ease
而且未遭世界上其他国家干预,
and without interference
from the rest of the world,
那里的日本将军们很快把
他们的注意力转向
the Japanese generals there
soon turned their attention
满州的隔壁邻居,中国
to Manchuria's next-door neighbour,China.
拥有五亿人口的中国
The China of 500 million souls.
几个世纪以来中国都以为
躲在它的长城后自己是安全的
The China that for centuries had thought
itself secure behind its Great Wall.
1937年7月,(日本人)制♥造♥了一起看起来象是
中国人向日本人开火的事件(卢沟桥事变)
In July, 1937,an incident was manufactured
whereby the Chinese appeared to fire on the Japanese.
没有等待进行调查,日本就入侵中国
Without waiting to investigate,
Japan invaded China.
四分五裂而又装备落后,
中国人不是残忍♥的日本人的对手
Disunited and ill-equipped, the Chinese
were no match for the ruthless Japanese.
在几个星期的时间里,
日本就已占领大部分华北地区
Within a matter of weeks, the Japanese
had overrun most of northern China
并轰炸北♥京♥
and were bombing Peking.
北♥京♥很快沦陷,然后接下来轮到上海
Peking soon fell,
and it was then Shanghai's turn.
一旦上海沦陷,日本军队就向长江河谷推进
Once Shanghai had fallen, the Japanese
forces advanced up the Yangtze valley
以威胁中国当时的首都,南京
to threaten the then-capital of China, Nanking.
1937年12月,就在南京,
lt was here at Nanking
in December, 1937,
日本人犯下了,到那时为止,
that the Japanese perpetrated
what was, until then,
这个世纪最可怕的暴行之一,
one of the worst atrocities
of this century,
当他们的部队冷血地屠♥杀♥了超过二十万中国人
when their troops massacred
more than 200,000 Chinese in cold blood.
甚至纳粹都被震惊了,
并提出调停以避免更多的流血
Even the Nazis were shocked, and offered
to mediate to prevent further bloodshed.
但由于他们的军事胜利不断增长,
日本将军们十分强硬
But the Japanese generals were unyielding
as their military successes mounted.
到1938年夏天,日本人已经
占领了中国相当大一片地区,
By the summer of 1938, the Japanese had
captured a considerable part of China,
包括大多数主要城市,
including most of the major cities,
但他们真的只是在
征服领土,而不是人♥民♥,
but they were really only
conquering territory,not people,
当中国人撤退到他们广阔的内地
as the Chinese retreated
into their vast hinterland.
对日本人来说更糟的是,他们的征服
引起了他们的北方宿敌,俄♥国♥的怀疑
Worse for the Japanese,their conquests incurred
the suspicion of their old enemy to the north, Russia.
1938年夏天,俄♥国♥和日本军队为了苏联-满州
边境上一座荒山(张鼓峰)的归属打了一仗
In the summer of 1938, Russian and Japanese troops battled
for possession of a barren hill on the Soviet-Manchurian border.
日本人受到了如此一场痛扁
The Japanese received such a drubbing
以至于他们在仅仅两周后就选择和解
that they opted for a settlement
after only two weeks.
十个月后,另一场争斗爆发(诺门罕战役)
Ten months later,another squabble broke out
日本人再次被打败,
and once again the Japanese were beaten,
这一次(打败他们的)不是