二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E12

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

我认为非常多的机组成员都不知道
战略轰炸真正意味着什么
I don't think very many of the aircrew
knew what strategic bombing really meant.
我们还在学校读书时,就加入了空军,
We as by some school,joined the air force,
因为有场战争正在进行
because there was a war being fought
而有许多魅力与空军联♥系♥在一起
and there was a bit of glamour
attached to the air force.
如果你不能在他的工厂把德国佬干掉，
If you couldn't get
the Kraut in his factory,
这就跟在他的床上
把他干掉一样容易
it was just as easy to
knock him off in his bed.
如果隔壁的席克尔格鲁贝老奶奶
挨了炸♥弹♥,那算她运气差
And if old Granny Shickelgruber next door
got the chop, that's hard luck.
(阿瑟·哈里斯爵士 1942年皇家空军轰炸机司令部总司令)
有许多人说轰炸永远不能赢得一场战争
There are a lot of people who say
that bombing can never win a war.
(阿瑟·哈里斯爵士 1942年皇家空军轰炸机司令部总司令)
我对那种说法的答案是它还从来没被尝试过,而我们应该试试看
Well, my answer to that is that it has
never been tried yet, and we shall see.
(♪ 茶舞)
(♪ tea dance)
在不列颠战役后,
皇家空军有理由庆祝
After the Battle of Britain,the Royal
Air Force had cause to celebrate.
战斗机司令部已展示了轰炸机要摧毁
一个能保卫其领空的国家有多么困难
Fighter Command had shown how difficult it was for bombers
to destroy a country which could defend its own air space.
很明显,这是一个空军参谋部
自己疏于从中吸取经验的教训
A lesson the air staff, apparently,
neglected to teach itself.
特伦查德爵士是将其作为一支
战略轰炸机部队来创建空军的
Lord Trenchard had founded the service
as a force of strategic bombers.
防御用的战斗机是次要的
Fighters for defence were secondary.
长距离轰炸机,有人在三十年代主张,
Long-range bombers,
it was argued in the 30s,
能在不进行代价高昂的地面战役
的情况下赢得战争
could win wars without costly land battles.
它们能炸掉敌人的工业中心
They would bomb the industrial
heart out of an enemy
并完全摧毁其平民的士气
and totally demoralise
his civilian population.
在1939年,皇家空军并没有真正
装备好来将这个论点付诸试验
ln 1939, the RAF was not really equipped
to put this thesis to the test.
但在敦刻尔克撤退之后,它是
唯一一支能攻击德国的力量
But after Dunkirk, it was the only force
capable of attacking Germany.
而英国公众急切地需要一次进攻
And the British public
desperately needed an attack.
大英帝国正在集结一支庞大的轰炸机部队,
它被设计成用来捣烂德国心脏的进攻性空中武器
The British Empire is building up a tremendous
bomber force designed as the offensive air
weapon to smash the heart of Germany.
第一次日间轰炸是灾难性的
The first daylight raids
were disastrous.
轰炸机成为德国空军轻易捕获的猎物
Bombers fell easy prey to the Luftwaffe.
(♪ "带回我的轰炸机和我")
(♪ "Bring Back My Bomber And Me")
尽管损失不断增长,皇家空军仍然坚持不懈
Still the RAF persevered,
though losses mounted.
惨重伤亡迫使轰炸机司令部
开始在夜间飞行
Heavy casualties forced Bomber Command
to start flying at night.
好吧,伙计们,我们走
OK, chaps, here we go.
滑行并起飞
Taxi out and take off.
你看到了我看到的东西了吗,机长?
Do you see what I see, skipper?
你看到了什么,我的苏格兰朋友?
What do you see, my Scottish friend?
雾肮脏,黄色,讨厌的雾
Fog. Dirty, yellow, stinking fog.
"今晚的目标" 1941英国影片
对接受日间攻击训练的机组成员来说,
For aircrews
trained to attack in daylight,
夜间飞行有其问题
night flying had its problems.
(哈米什·马哈迪皇家空军轰炸机司令部大队长)
要在夜深人静的夜晚,在一般的气候
条件下,找到一个德国境内的目标,
To find a target in Germany,in the dead
of night,in any average weather conditions,
远远超出了任何轰炸机
机组成员(可能完成)的任务
was quite far beyond the task
of any bomber crews.
我们过了荷兰海岸
云太多了看不清在哪里
We're over the Dutch coast.
Too much cloud to see where.
爱国影片在给人留下只要精心策划,有决心和吃一点生胡萝卜
就能克服你无法在黑暗中看见东西的规律这种印象方面毫无困难
Patriotic films had no difficulty in giving the impression
that plot and determination and a diet of raw carrots could
overcome the law that says you cannot see in the dark.
- 除了莱茵河看不见任何其他东西
- 我希望这不是多瑙河
- Can't see anything else but the Rhine.
- I hope it's not the Danube.
继续前进你可能可以看到
灯亮着的什么东西
Keep on going. You might be able
to pick up something with lights on.
如果你在途中能看到可见的光点,
lf you could get visual
pinpoints en route,
你可能距离目标只有五或七英里了
you could get within five or
seven miles of the targets.
- 炸♥弹♥舱打开
- 稳住
- Bomb doors open.
- Steady.
一旦到达目标,接下来就是小菜一碟了...
Once the target was reached,
it was a piece of cake...
炸♥弹♥下去了
Bombs gone.
...倘若你只是在炸一个制片场的模型的话
..provided you were just
blowing up a studio model.
我希望我们没让你久等,长官
I hope we haven't
kept you waiting, sir.
上帝啊,没有过来坐下
Good Lord, no. Come and sit down.
- 你们进行得怎么样?
- 引发了好一场大火
- How did you get on?
- Caused a hell of a great big fire.
大量浓烟
在,哦,50英里外可以看到
Buckets of smoke.
Visible, ooh, 50 miles away.
恩,老小子,来点火腿和鸡蛋怎么样?
Well, old boy,
how about some bacon and eggs?
事实大相径庭
The truth was different.
事实上,在那个时候,
而且后来也被证实了,
ln fact, in those days,
and it's been proved since,
每一百枚炸♥弹♥里只有三枚
落在目标点的五英里范围内
three bombs in every 100 got
within five miles of the aiming point.
在集体宿舍里,九个孩子被炸死,五个严重受伤
In diesem Schlafsaal wurden neun Kinder
getötet und fünf schwer verletzt.
不精确的轰炸可能是令人尴尬的
Inaccurate bombing
could be embarrassing.
德国宣传部迅速利用了这家
儿童医院被炸毁(的新闻)
The German propaganda ministry was quick to capitalise
on the destruction of this children's hospital.
他们是英国谋杀男孩们的牺牲品,
Das sind die Opfer
der britischen Mordbuben,
(英国人)故意犯下了这桩罪行
die dieses gemeine Verbrechen ganz
bewusst begangen haben.
它将被无情地偿还
Es wird unerbittlich gesühnt werden.
但战争内阁的看法是德国必须被轰炸
But the war cabinet's view
was that Germany had to be bombed.
这是英国当时能采取的唯一战略轰炸
And this was the only strategic
bombing Britain could then undertake.
考文垂和利物浦(被炸)显示如果其工人
被炸得无家可归的话德国工业会遭受损失
Coventry and Liverpool indicated the German industry
would suffer if its workers were bombed out.
林德曼教授向丘吉尔建议
让三分之一的德国工人无家可归
Professor Lindemann was advicing Churchill
that de-housing a third of German workers
会让(德国)工业生产停顿下来
would bring industrial production to a halt.
还有要报复(德国)闪电轰炸的公众压力
And there was popular pressure
to avenge the Blitz.
我们不想请敌人帮忙
We ask no favours of the enemy.
我们不想从他们那里寻求...懊悔
We seek from them no... compunction.
相反,
On the contrary,
如果今夜伦敦人♥民♥被要求就是否应该
签订一个停止轰炸所有城市的公约进行投票,
if tonight the people of London were asked to cast
their votes as to whether a convention should be
entered into to stop the bombing of all cities,
压倒性的多数会呐喊:
an overwhelming majority would cry:
"不, 我们要让德国人吃苦头
"No, we will mete out to the Germans
(让他们吃苦的程度)要比得上
而且要超过他们让我们吃的苦头"
the measure and more than the measure
they have meted out to us."
但德国人现在在让英国轰炸机吃苦头
But the Germans were now
meting it out to the British bomber.
到1941年底,英国已损失了700架飞机
By the end of 1941,
Britain had lost 700 aircraft.
海军和陆军为了大西洋和
北非沙漠(战场)要求轰炸机
The navy and the army were demanding
bombers for the Atlantic and the desert.
轰炸机司令部面临被迫歇业(的可能)
Bomber Command stood to be put out of business.
面对不断增加的损失,
ln the face of mounting losses,
内阁命令减少轰炸行动,以保留轰炸机力量
the cabinet ordered bombing operations
to be cut down,to save the bomber force.
在1942年2月的休整期间,
During the respite in February 1942,
阿瑟·哈里斯爵士接任了轰炸机司令部的总司令
Sir Arthur Harris took over as
Commander-in-Chief, Bomber Command.
他决心用新战术和新轰炸机来取得成功
He was determined to succeed
with new tactics and new bombers.