二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E19

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

1944年8月25日
August 25,1944.
巴黎被解放了
Paris was liberated.
同一天,在东面,罗马尼亚改换阵营,
That same day, to the east,
Romania changed sides,
随着她的背叛希♥特♥勒♥唯一
的天然石油供给也丢失了
and with her defection went
Hitler's only natural oil supply.
保加利亚已退出了轴心国,
Bulgaria had already quit the Axis,
而芬兰也开始和俄♥国♥人商谈停战事宜
and Finland, too, began negotiating
with the Russians for an armistice.
自♥由♥法国领导人戴高乐将军进入了他的首都,
General de Gaulle, the Free French
leader, enters his capital,
一个四年前他还是一个相对
默默无闻的军人时离开的首都
a capital four years before he had left
a comparatively unknown soldier.
现在他被当作法国的灵魂来欢迎
Now he was being greeted
as the very soul of France.
对巴黎人来说,德国占领的黑暗岁月结束了
For Parisians, the dark years
of German occupation were over.
在欧洲其余地区也被解放之前
是不是还要等很长时间?
Could it be long before the
rest of Europe was freed too?
1944年8月15日
August 15,1944.
铁砧行动(也就是"龙骑兵"行动),
盟军对法国南部的入侵行动
Operation Anvil,the Allied
invasion of southern France.
随着北面来自诺曼底滩头的突破正在进行中,
With the break-out from the Normandy
beachhead under way to the north,
"铁砧"的目的是从所有方向
对希♥特♥勒♥德国开始进行钳形运动...
Anvil was meant to begin the pincer movement
on Hitler's Germany from all sides...
将要把第三帝国榨干的钳形运动
the pincer movement that was
to squeeze the Third Reich dry.
我们在圣特罗佩附近跳出(登陆艇)
我想,"就这样了他们随时都将开火,"
We leapt out near St Tropez and I thought,
"This is it. They'll open up any minute,"
突然从我们所在的海滩的
迷雾中走出来一个法国人
and suddenly out of the mists on our
particular beach there came a Frenchman.
(维恩福德·沃甘-托马斯战地记者)
他带着一盘香槟酒杯
And he carried a tray of champagne glasses.
我们都停下了
And we all stopped.
很明显,这场景完全出乎意料,
Quite clearly, this was utterly unexpected,
他笑着说,"(法语)欢迎,先生们"
and he smiled and said,
"Soyez les bienvenus, Monsieur."
"欢迎但是如果我可以提出一些批评
的话,那就是你们多少来得晚了一点"
"Welcome. But if I may venture a little
criticism, you are somewhat late."
从那以后这(场战役)就以"香槟战役"为部队所知
From there on it was known to the troops
as the "Champagne Campaign".
在各到各处,在1944年8月的
那几个疯狂,欢乐的星期里,
Everywhere, during those mad,
joyful weeks of August 1944,
德国人正被赶向他们自己国家的边境
the Germans were being driven back
towards the borders of their own country.
那些和被憎恨的德国鬼子勾结
的法国人变得越来越绝望
Those Frenchmen who had collaborated with
the hated Boche became ever more desperate.
那些与她们的征服者交往的法国女人
现在被找出来进行特殊处理
Those Frenchwomen who had consorted with their
conquerors were now singled out for special treatment.
成千上万抑郁,茫然失措的德国人被抓了俘虏,
Thousands upon thousands of sullen,
bewildered Germans were taken prisoner,
有时候一次有几个整师(投降)
sometimes whole divisions at a time.
大约20,000名德军被他们的指挥官
埃里克·艾尔斯特少将下令投降
Approximately 20,000 German troops are surrendered
by their commander,Major General Erich Elster.
艾尔斯特将军交出他的手♥枪♥作为投降的标志
General Elster hands over his pistol
as a token of surrender.
艾尔斯特将军指挥从比利牛斯山
到比斯开湾的比亚里茨地区
General Elster commanded the Biarritz area
from the Pyrenees Mountains to the Bay of Biscay.
对许多在盟军阵营里的人来说,
这场战争似乎几乎就要结束了
To many in the Allied camp,
the war seemed as good as over.
确实,有一些能回家过圣诞节的传言
lndeed, there was talk
of being back home for Christmas.
但最高层并不总是对如何赢得
最后的胜利持完全相同的看法
But the top brass didn't always see eye to eye
on just how the final victory was to be won.
蒙哥马利争辩道德国人已在
诺曼底遭受了一次非常惨重的失败
Montgomery argued that the Germans had
had a very heavy defeat in Normandy.
他们已经损失了差不多50万部队
They'd lost approximately 500,000 troops.
43个师已被打垮,以及2,000辆坦克(被摧毁)
43 divisions had been smashed,
and 2,000 tanks.
(布莱恩·霍洛克斯将军英国第30军司令)
现在是真正痛击他们的时候了
This was the moment to really hit them.
他主张沿着海岸平原向上猛冲,
And what he advocated was a strong
drive up the coastal plain,
右翼为阿登(森林) 左翼很可能几乎就在海岸线上
with the right on the Ardennes and the
left probably almost on the coastline.
日日夜夜,绝不放松,绝不给他们时间恢复
Day and night, never letting up,
never giving them time to recover.
而且,当然,他会来指挥这次行动
And, of course, he would be
in command of this.
而我们会直插♥进♥去,
跳过莱茵河渡口,
And we'd go right through,
bounce the crossing of the Rhine,
绕到鲁尔(工业区)后面,切断他们,
come round behind the Ruhr,
cut them off,
而战争就会在1944年结束
and the war would be over in 1944.
艾森豪威尔说,"不我不喜欢这计划
这是个象钳子一样的突进攻击"
Eisenhower said, "No. I don't
like this. lt's a pincerlike thrust."
"你不会用到很多在法国的部队"
"You're not touching a lot of
the troops which are in France."
"我提议沿着一个宽大的正面推进,
一直推进到莱茵河,
"l propose to advance on a broad
front,right up to the Rhine,
然后越过莱茵河并在那里结束战争"
and then do a crossing of the Rhine
and finish the war there."
但是...那或许更安全,
But... That was perhaps safer,
但那意味着不能在1944年结束战争
but it meant that the war
couldn't be finished in 1944.
(肯尼斯·斯壮将军艾森豪威尔的情报主管)
我觉得英国人在意识到"欧洲战事的主要
努力有赖于美国人"这一点上非常迟钝
I think the British were very slow to realise that
the main effort for war in Europe lay with the Americans.
我觉得英国媒体很可能也一样迟钝
I think the British press
was probably slow, as well.
我想人们忘记了极大♥比♥重的师团
和补给品等等都是美国人的
I think people forgot that the great weight of
divisions and supplies and so on were American.
在我们从桥头堡突破以后,
After we broke out from the bridgehead,
(弗兰西斯·德·古因甘德将军蒙哥马利的参谋长)
有很长一段时间补给不得不从海滩运过来或被空运过来
supply for a very long time had to come
over the beaches or be carried by air.
集团军群经常发现由于缺乏补给品,特别
是汽油,他们不能做他们想要做的事情
Army groups found often that they couldn't do what
they wanted to for lack of supplies,particularly petrol.
每辆坦克开一英里要用一加仑汽油
Each tank used a gallon of petrol a mile.
运送补给品的卡车绵延250英里回溯到诺曼底滩头
The trucks carrying the stuff stretched
back 250 miles to the Normandy beaches.
盟军突破的速度如此迅猛以至于
有许多小股的德军部队被留在了后面,
Such had been the speed of the Allied break-out
that pockets of German troops had been left behind,
所以公路补给车队经常会遭遇
沿路狙击的敌人的夹攻
and so the road convoys had often to run
a gauntlet of enemy sniping along the way.
卡车司机给巴黎和前线之间的
这片区域起绰号♥为"印第安人乡村"
The lorry drivers had nicknamed the area
between Paris and the front line "lnjun country".
最困难的战斗是沿着海岸线(的战斗)
The hardest fighting of all
was along the coast.
每个港口都被希♥特♥勒♥派卫戍部队驻防
他们得到的命令是战斗到众所周知的最后一颗子弹
Every port had been garrisoned by Hitler with
orders to fight to the proverbial last round.
勒阿弗尔,迪耶普,布伦,加莱,敦刻尔克(皆为法国港口),
都必须依次通过各自事先精心部署的战斗来被突击
Le Havre, Dieppe, Boulogne, Calais,Dunkirk, had all
to be assaulted in turn by separate set-piece battle.
希♥特♥勒♥知道补给将是盟军的主要头痛问题,
Hitler knew supply would be
the Allies' main headache,
所以他决心坚守这些(英吉利)
海峡的港口尽可能长的时间
hence his determination to hang on
to the Channel ports as long as possible
而且,当最终(被迫)缴出(这些港口)时,
确保它们被彻底摧毁
and, when finally yielded,
to see they were destroyed utterly.
蒙哥马利三分之一的部队
忙于清除占据海峡港口的德国人
One third of Montgomery's forces were engaged
in clearing Germans from the Channel ports
而其他部队继续向前挺入比利时
while the rest pushed on into Belgium.
我真正的重要时刻是当我们
穿越(法国比利时)边境时,
(Horrocks) My really big moment
was when we crossed the frontier,
因为,你瞧,(四年前)撤退至敦刻尔克时
我指挥了一支后卫部队
because, you see,l had commanded the
rearguard during the withdrawal to Dunkirk.
当时我是个营长
l was then a battalion commander.
而我负责保卫(英军)第3师的侧翼和后方,
And l'd been doing flank guard
and rear guard to the 3rd Division,
(而第3师就)由蒙哥马利元帅指挥,当时他是个将军
commanded by a certain Field Marshal
Montgomery, who was then a general.
而我当时非常为自己感到羞愧
And I was very ashamed of myself.
我们在比利时人♥民♥的欢呼声中前进,
We'd advanced to the cheers
of the Belgian people,
几天后,我们撤退回来穿过这些脸色灰白的人群,
and now a few days later, back we were
going through these ashen-faced crowds,