二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E10

Part 5 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

would lose the war.
我们必须击沉尽可能多的船只
We had to sink as many ships as possible
在我们的英美对手能发展出
一种有效的反潜防御...
before our Anglo-American opponent could
develop an effective antisubmarine defence
并能替换被击沉的商船之前
and could replace the merchant ships
which had been sunk.
但绝大多数的德国U型潜艇不在大西洋里
But most of Germany's U-boats
were not in the Atlantic.
他们在挪威沿海巡逻,
保卫德国的补给线
They were patrolling off Norway,
defending Germany's supply lines,
或局限在地中海活动
or confined in the Mediterranean.
这些安排激怒了邓尼茨
These dispositions infuriated Doenitz.
他对U型潜艇应该在哪里(行动)没有怀疑
He had no doubts where
the U-boats ought to be.
德国潜艇一定不能被用于任何其它用途
(Doenitz) The German submarines
must not be used for any other purposes.
他们的主要战略用途就是
在大西洋击沉尽可能多的船只
Their main strategic purpose was to sink
as many ships as possible in the Atlantic.
但希♥特♥勒♥和最高指挥部不肯听
But Hitler and the high command
would not listen.
尽管专心于太平洋(的战事),
Although preoccupied with the Pacific,
美国海军参谋部现在愿意
重新考虑大西洋的策略
the United States naval staff were
now willing to rethink Atlantic tactics.
他们终于建立起一个近海护航船队体系
They finally established
a system of offshore convoys.
商船的击沉数下降了
Sinkings of merchantmen dropped off.
U型潜艇的击沉开始了
Sinkings of U-boats began.
邓尼茨现在将他的潜艇转到了加勒比海,
Doenitz now switched his boats
to the Caribbean,
那里许多船仍在独♥立♥地航行
where many ships were still
sailing independently.
在两个月里,78艘船被击沉,
In two months,
78 ships were sunk,
其中超过一半是油轮
more than half of them oil tankers.
这是很久以前的事情了,
但我现在还能回想起来...
It was a very long time ago,
but I can see it now...
住在船尾的人全身着火四处奔跑
the people that lived aft
running around on fire
并从船旁直接跳入四周都是燃烧的浮油的海中
and throwing themselves straight over the side
into the oil which was on fire all round.
与此同时,我向坐在救生艇里的剩下的人♥大♥叫
In the meantime, I shouted
to the remaining people in the boat
(托马斯·芬奇上校 "圣艾米力亚诺"号♥大副)
把船桨拿出来并把她从船旁推入海里
to get the oars out and push
her off from the ship's side
因为船一侧的铆钉都已迸出来
它们都着火了
because the rivets of the ship's side
had burst out and they were on fire.
我们划了一小会儿我们听到呼救的尖叫声,
We rowed around for a wee while
and we heard some screams for help,
我们从水里拉起来一个司炉工,
或按我们叫法是一个"轮机师",
and we pulled out of the water
a fireman, or greaser as we call them,
他被烧得非常严重,以至于
当我们把他拉进救生艇
and he was terribly burned,
so much so that when we pulled him in
他身体和手臂的皮肤就象
手套一样褪到我们的手里
the skin of his body and arms
came off in our hands like gloves.
我们启航并驶向特立尼达岛
我对它可能在哪儿有个大致的概念
We set sail and course for Trinidad.
l had a rough idea where it might be.
所以我们整理了一下船并出发了
And so we tidied up the boat
and set off.
但没过多久那个整夜都处于
极度痛苦的轮机师,他死了
But shortly after that,the greaser,who'd
been in terrible agony all night,he died,
我们把他平放在(救生船的)横梁上一小会儿
and we laid him on the thwart
for a wee while.
然后不久之后他们告诉我三副也死了,
And then shortly after that they told me
that the third steward had died too,
所以我去看看他他被裹在一张毯子里,
so I went to have a look at him,
and he was wrapped up in a blanket,
我把毯子拿开
and I took the blanket away
他的整个胃都严重受伤并露在外面
and the whole of his stomach was
severely damaged and hanging out.
他一晚上都非常忍♥耐
He'd been very patient during the night
他唯一抱怨的事情就是冷
and the only thing
he'd complained of was cold.
所以我们把他也平放在横梁上
并用一条毯子盖在他身上大约一小时,
So we laid him on the thwart and covered
him with a blanket for about an hour,
因为我想确认他们真的死了
because I wanted to really make sure
that they were dead,
因为我们没有设备来表明...
because we had nothing to indicate...
我所做的一切都表明他们的确死了
Everything I did indicated
that they were so.
最后,在大约一小时后,
我们把他们送入了海洋
Eventually, after about an hour,
we committed them to the deep.
这时候救生艇上的士气非常低
Morale in the boat at this time
was very low
因为这些都是很年轻的男孩...
17岁,18岁,19岁,22岁
because these were all young boys...
17, 18, 19, 22.
这时候真是一船的悲惨,痛苦和死亡
And by this time it was a boat-load
of miseries, pain and death.
"圣艾米力亚诺"号♥的40个船员只有8个活了下来
Only eight men survived
from the San Emiliano's crew of 40.
对盟国的海员来说
U型潜艇船员是残忍♥的杀手,
To Allied seamen
the U-boat crews were heartless killers,
但德国人也是勇敢的战士
but the Germans were brave men too.
他们需要所有的勇气
当深水炸♥弹♥在他们周围爆♥炸♥
They needed all that courage when
depth charges exploded around them,
有时候一口气要挨12个小时的炸
sometimes for 12 hours at a stretch.
每十个U型潜艇船员将有八个会阵亡
Eight of every ten U-boat crewmen
were to die in action.
他们把他们的U型潜艇称为铁棺材
They called their U-boats iron coffins.
我碰到的驱逐舰有雷达
The destroyer I met had radar
(彼得·克莱默 U-333号♥潜艇舰长)
所以他能在他的屏幕上看到我并以全速前进
so he had me on his screen
and with full speed ahead
第一次他冲撞了我
he rammed me for the first time.
当我看见他要下潜已经太晚了
And when I saw him
it was too late to dive.
我试图向他发射鱼雷,
I tried to torpedo him,
但距离,大概只有150码,
but the distance, 150 yards round about,
太近了,所以鱼雷不会爆♥炸♥
was too close,so the
torpedo wouldn't explode.
所以我试图拉大驱逐舰和潜艇之间的距离
So I tried to get a bigger distance
between the destroyer and the boat.
而他用机关枪扫射了一或两个小时
And he was shooting during one hour
or two hours with machine guns.
我身旁的一个军官死了
An officer next to me was dead
另一个军官,一发子弹射穿了他的喉咙
and another officer,he had got
a bullet through his throat
我的胸口中了一发子弹
and I had got a bullet in my chest
我的手臂和腿里有差不多30块子弹碎片
and I had some 30 shell
splinters in arm and leg
还有发子弹在我脑子里
and a bullet in my head.
在一小时的紧张之后
After one hour of stress
水手们都非常焦虑
the sailors were very anxious
有一个军士,他变得胆怯了
and one of the petty officers,
he lost his nerves
并说,"欧,这个疯子!"
"我们为什么不投降?"
and said, "Oh, this madman!"
and, "Why don't we surrender?"
但这是唯一一个(这么说的人)
But this was the only one.
但有勇气也不再足够的时刻正在来临
But the time was coming
when courage was no longer enough.
无线电对狼群行动来说一直至关重要
Radio had remained essential
to wolf-pack operations.
但盟军新的定向设备能截获德国(无线电)信♥号♥♥
But new Allied direction-finding
equipment could pick up German signals
并推算出它们是从哪里来的
and plot where they came from.
利用短波雷达,护卫舰船现在能确定
一艘浮在海面上的U型潜艇的方位...
With short-wave radar, escorts could now
locate a U-boat on the surface...
经常能在U型潜艇的乘员能
看到他们前先看到U型潜艇
often sighting the U-boat
before her crew could see them.
低矮的轮廓不再是那么大一个优势了
The low silhouette
was no longer such an advantage.
声呐设备也在改善
Asdic equipment too was improving.
护卫舰船能在一艘处于下潜状态的U型潜艇
在水下以低速扭转和转弯时追踪到她
Escort ships could track a submerged U-boat
as she twisted and turned at low underwater speed.
还有新武器,比如刺猬弹,用于猎杀
There were new weapons,
like the hedgehog, for the kill.
德国人没有意识到英国和美国技术进步的程度,
The Germans did not realise the extent
of British and US technical advances,
他们也没能(发展出)比得上它们(的技术)
nor did they match them.
德国人的确有一些非常高级的科学家
The Germans had some very
high-class scientists indeed
和一些出色的工程师,
and some excellent engineers,