二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E14

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

缅♥甸♥的雨季
Monsoon in Burma.
如果你能想象你在这个国家经历的最大
一场雨要不间断地连下六至八个星期,
If you can imagine the heaviest rain you'd ever get in this
country going on for six to eight weeks without a break,
这就是雨季
this was monsoon period.
每年有五个月
Five months in every year.
行走在泥浆中,生活在泥浆中,
躺在泥浆中,睡在泥浆中
Squashing through mud, living in mud,
lying in mud and sleeping in mud
喝在泥浆中,吃在泥浆中
and drinking in mud and eating in mud.
那就是缅♥甸♥的雨季就是个噩梦
That was the monsoon in Burma,
and it's just a nightmare.
缅♥甸♥的战争用凶猛来弥补其规模的缺乏
War in Burma made up
in ferocity what it lacked in scale.
这里,在1944年,在这种条件下,
Here, in 1944, in these conditions,
英国人正保卫印度的边境不受日本人侵犯
the British were defending the frontiers
of lndia against the Japanese.
缅♥甸♥丛林...一场蒸气浴,不见天日
The Burmese jungle...
a steam bath, closing out the sky.
茂密,缚手缚脚...而且远离家园
Dense, imprisoning...
and a long way from home.
我从未见过丛林
我见过森林,但我没有见过丛林
I'd never seen a jungle. I'd seen
a forest, but I hadn't seen a jungle.
(弗雷迪·汤金斯英国第14军中士)
我们走进那里,它又黑,又脏,又潮湿,又下雨,
We went in there,
it was dark, dirty, damp, rain,
还有各种各样我们以前从未听到过的动物声音...
there were also all sorts of animal noises
that we'd never heard before...
事实上,这真的很吓人
In fact, it was really scary.
我喜欢丛林
I liked the jungle.
(冈田辉雄中尉日本皇军)
它并没有让一些盟军士兵似乎感觉的那么可怕
It did not have the fear it seems
to have had for some Allied soldiers.
它是个友好的地方...黑暗,
在那里你能隐蔽你自己伪装你自己
It was a friendly place... dark, where you
could cover yourself and camouflage yourself.
缅♥甸♥:参差不齐的山峦和恶臭的沼泽,
Burma: jagged mountain and fetid swamp,
被包裹在丛林中并被陡峭的河谷所刻划
clothed in jungle
and scored by steep river valleys.
缅♥甸♥: 无尽的绿色植被引发各种疾病...
Burma: endless green growth
spawning every kind of disease...
疟疾,痢疾,恙虫病,
malaria, dysentery, scrub typhus,
登革热,痱子...
dengue fever, prickly heat...
特别是在雨季
particularly in monsoon.
泥泞这就像是第一次世界大战时的佛兰德斯
(位于比利时,一战时遍地泥泞)
Mud. It might have been Flanders
in the First World War.
缅♥甸♥的雨季将营地变成沼泽,
将道路变成泥潭
The monsoon in Burma turned camps
into swamps, roads into quagmires.
雨后,这个国家就是一大碗泥浆
After the rains, the country
was just one great bowl of mud.
对英国人来说,缅♥甸♥是保护
他们的印度帝国的盾牌和屏障
For the British,Burma was a shield and
barrier protecting their lndian empire.
日本人认为他们能利用缅♥甸♥
来掩护他们在东南亚新占领的领土,
The Japanese saw they could use Burma to screen
their new territorial gains in Southeast Asia,
来切断同盟国通往中国的补给路线,
to cut the Allied supply route to China,
来获得石油和粮食的新来源
and to secure new sources
of oil and rice.
1941年12月,他们入侵了
ln December 1941, they invaded.
他们拥有出其不意的优势,
They had the advantage of surprise,
而且,对这场丛林战,他们完全准备好了
and, for this jungle war,
they were thoroughly prepared.
我认为在当时对于战争没有任何
国家可能比缅♥甸♥更没有做好准备的了
I don't think any country could have been more unprepared
for war than Burma was at this particular time.
(约翰·乔治·史密斯将军维多利亚十字
勋章获得者英军驻缅军第17师师长)
政♥府♥没有做好准备,
The government was unprepared,
(约翰·乔治·史密斯将军维多利亚十字
勋章获得者英军驻缅军第17师师长)
民间组织和人♥民♥没有做好准备,
the civil organisation
and the people were unprepared,
而防御力量实际上就不存在
and the defence forces
practically didn't exist.
一起来的一些廓尔喀部队有
400个直接从补给站招募的新兵,
Some of the Gurkha who came along had
400 recruits straight from the depot,
(迈克尔·卡尔维特准将钦迪特指挥官)
而英国部队已经被抽取增援部队和军官前去欧洲
and the British had been milked
of reinforcements and officers to Europe
你可以说,只有迟钝的部队留了下来
and, you might say,
only the dull left behind.
日本人从一开始就横扫他们面前的一切
The Japanese from the start
swept all before them.
他们利用丛林来追过和智取英国孱弱的驻缅军
They used the jungle to outmarch and
outmanoeuvre Britain's weak Burma army.
英国人在混乱中撤退
The British retreated in confusion.
对我来说这是1942年战役的一个绝对劣势
lt was a crashing disadvantage to me
in the 1942 campaign
那就是我没有一套能联络我在
仰光的空中支援的无线电台，
in that I hadn't got a wireless set which
would contact my air support in Rangoon,
所以,不管你信不信,
and, therefore, believe it or not,
我能做的唯一事情就是接通铁路的电♥话♥线,
the only thing I could do was to tap in
onto the railway telephone line,
找到仰光邮♥政♥局♥的先生,
get the babu in the post office in Rangoon,
并试图说服他转接到空军
司令部对我来说是至关重要的
and try and persuade him that it was vitally important
for me to be put on to air force headquarters.
而那也确实是为什么,
And that was really
one of the reasons why,
在我们向锡唐河撤退的途中,
in our withdrawal to the Sittang,
我们既被皇家空军也被日本空军狂轰滥炸的原因之一
we were terribly badly bombed by the RAF
as well as by the Japanese air force.
日本人有很大的空中优势
The Japanese had heavy air superiority.
他们几乎是随心所欲地轰炸和扫射,
They bombed and strafed almost at will,
在没有经验的部队和平民中散播恐惧
spreading terror among
raw troops and civilians.
只有在缅♥甸♥的一小支美国志愿
航♥空♥队和极少数皇家空军飞机
Only a small force of American volunteers
and the few RAF planes that were in Burma
想他们的优势发起挑战
并起飞与他们作战
challenged their dominance
and rose to battle with them.
日本轰炸机在心理上造成的
伤害和对其他的破坏一样大
The damage the Japanese bombers dealt
was, as much as anything, psychological.
人们不能相信这事正发生在和平的缅♥甸♥
People couldn't believe this
was happening to peaceful Burma.
有时很英勇的抵抗,被
(日本人)用力地扫到一边
Resistance, valiant at times,
was swept aside.
我从曼德勒的医院出院
l was discharged from hospital
at Mandalay
断了三根肋骨...被丢在路边绝对地束手无策
having broken three ribs... left
absolutely stranded on the roadside.
一个平民把我拉起来,
And a civilian picked me up,
把我带回他的家,
took me home to his house,
(西德尼·波厄斯皇家空军中士)
并问我是做什么的? 我说,"我提供饮食服务"
and said what did I do?
And I said, "l'm catering."
他说,"如果你愿意,
He said, "lf you like,
就来我们的家为我们做饭"
come to our house and cook for us."
我们在那儿待了顶多两个小时,
We were there two hours,
no more than that,
这时消息传来:
when the message came through:
"快撤离, 日本人来了"
"Evacuate, the Japanese are here."
日本人向北的进军继续着,
The Japanese march north continued,
沿途给整个缅♥甸♥留下一路的混乱和毁灭
leaving a trail of chaos and destruction
the length of Burma.
英国人撤退了
The British retreated.
我什么都没有,只有我脚上穿的鞋子
(Bowers) I had nothing,
only what I stood up in.
我打开了别人的箱子,找到一双
结实的靴子,接着我们开始走路
l raided someone's kit, found a stout
pair of boots, and we began to walk.
在不断增长的混乱中,伤员是个问题
In the mounting confusion,
the wounded were a problem.
我们不得不放弃进行治疗,
只是尽我们所能包扎一下,
We had to leave giving treatment and
just bandage up,do the best we could.
有一些我们不得不把他们留下
Some we had to leave behind.
其他人我们把他们装上运输工具
带他们上路...这就是我们能做的一切
Others we put on transport to get them
on the roads... this was all we could do.
最终我们不得不将其(运送伤员)
当作一件白费力的事放弃
And eventually we had to
finally give it up as a bad job
并只顾我们自己逃命,
and make our own way out,
因为在缅♥甸♥的各到各处我们
只领先日本人24小时(的路程)
as we were only 24 hours in front of the Japanese
through the length and breadth of Burma.
日本人在他们的进军途中夺取了一切东西
The Japanese took everything in their stride.
在他们前面,是一支撤退军队的最后手段:焦土
Ahead of them, the last recourse
of a retreating army: scorched earth.
入侵者似乎已使丛林成为他们的朋友
The invaders seemed to have
made the jungle their friend.
他们正在竞争夺取