二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E03

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:32 a.m.

没有对敌人进行骚扰的尝试
Little attempt was made
to harass the enemy.
甚至轰炸鲁尔区也被禁止
Even bombing the Ruhr
was forbidden
以防德国空军报复轰炸法国工厂
in case the Luftwaffe retaliated
against French factories.
记者被带上前线观察这种静止状态
Journalists were taken up to the lines
to see the inactivity.
我待在莱茵河上的一个观察哨
l stayed at an observation post
on the Rhine
观看德国人洗衣服,踢足球,
watching the Germans washing,
and playing football,
我对哨兵说,
and l said to the sentry,
"为什么你不打他们?
为什么你不朝他们射击?"
"Why don't you shoot them?
Why don't you shoot at them?"
"不," 他说,
"他们表现得还挺好的."
"No," he said,
"They're behaving all right."
"他们不向我们射击,
我们为什么要向他们射击?"
"They don't shoot at us,
why should we shoot at them?"
♪ 嘭! 整个世界都发出嘭
♪ Boum! Le monde entier fait boum
♪ 所有的人都和他说嘭
♪ Tout avec lui dit boum
♪ 当我们的心发出嘭嘭嘭
♪ Quand notre coeur
fait boum-boum-boum
♪ 发出嘭嘭
♪ Fait boum-boum
♪ 砰! 嘭!
♪ Brrrrr! Boum!
前线的生活枯燥而又乏味
Life at the front
was dreary and drab.
由于军饷很低,休假成了法国兵最痴迷的事
Badly paid, leave became an obsession
for the French soldier
并主要被用来发点小财
and was used mainly
to make a little on the side.
1939年的冬天是半个世纪来最冷的一个
The winter of 1939
was the coldest for half a century.
甚至(英吉利)海峡在布洛涅也结了冰
Even the Channel froze at Boulogne.
法国人停止了马奇诺防线延伸段的工程
The French halted work
on the Maginot extension.
然而德国人却在稳步推进他们的计划
The Germans, however,
forged ahead with their plans.
随着冬天慢慢过去,法国人的士气低迷
As winter wore on, French morale sank.
纪律恶化醉酒成为普遍状况
Discipline deteriorated
and drunkenness became rife.
火车站里设置了特殊房♥间
Special rooms were set aside
in railway stations
在那里(喝醉的)士兵能在
重新加入他们的部队前苏醒过来
where men could recover
before rejoining their units.
极少有法国将军费心去视察
更不用说去会见他们的部队
Few French generals ever bothered to
inspect, let alone meet, their troops,
不过他们当时的总司令,甘末林将军,
but then their commander-in-chief,
General Gamelin,
也基本不涉足他的司令部外
rarely set foot
outside his headquarters.
1940年开始时已年届68岁,
他的军事纪录是如此无懈可击
Already 68 at the beginning of 1940,
his military record was so impeccable
以至于没人会考虑请他
为一个更年轻的人让位
that no one dreamed of asking him
to make way for a younger man.
甘末林非常聪明,但根本没有胆略,
(Beaufre) Gamelin was very clever,
but with no guts at all,
而他被政客们所喜欢
and he was liked by the politicians
因为他是个很顺从的总司令
because he was an easy
commander-in-chief.
甘末林把他的司令部
选在万塞讷的这个城♥堡♥里,
Gamelin chose for his
headquarters this château at Vincennes,
就在巴黎外面
just outside Paris.
那个选择显示了这是什么一个人,你知道
That choice reveals
what the man was, you know.
敌人不是德国人而是法国政♥府♥
The enemy were not the Germans.
lt was the French government.
万塞讷是英国的亨利五世死的地方
Vincennes was where England's Henry V died
也是(德国女)间谍
玛塔·哈莉被行刑的地方
and where the spy Mata Hari
was executed.
它被一位访客形容为
"一艘没有潜望镜的潜水艇"
lt was described by one visitor as
"a submarine without a periscope".
几乎不可思议的是,它没有无线电通讯,
Almost unbelievably,
it had no radio communications,
它和战场上任何其他司令部
都没有用电传打字机连接起来
it was not linked by teleprinter with
any other headquarters in the field.
相反地,消息规则地
每小时由摩托车派发出去
lnstead, messages were dispatched
regularly on the hour by motorcycle.
甘末林很少用命令来麻烦他的参谋,
Gamelin seldom bothered his staff
with orders,
他更喜欢简单地提出行动纲领
preferring simply to suggest guidelines.
他的长♥期♥战略是一直等到盟军
His long-term strategy was to wait
until the Allies could match the Germans
能在数量上和装备上与德国人抗衡
才发动大规模进攻,
in numbers and equipment
before launching any major offensive,
即使那意味着得等到1941年
even though that would mean
waiting until 1941.
同时,他更关心的是使战争远离法国本土...
Meanwhile, he was concerned
to keep the war away from French soil...
所以他对诡计的兴趣推动着他前进
hence his interests in any odd stratagem
pushed his way.
我们有一个通过挪威...纳尔维克...
进攻俄♥国♥的计划
We had a plan to go to attack Russia
through Norway... Narvik...
这导致了在纳尔维克登陆的行动
which led to the landing in Narvik.
我们有一个从叙利亚进攻在巴库
(苏联阿塞拜疆首府)的炼油厂的计划
We had a plan to attack
the oil plants in Baku from Syria.
我们还有通过在塞萨洛尼基(希腊港口)登陆
以及与南斯拉夫人联合以召集巴尔干人的计划,诸如此类
We had the plans to raise the Balkans with us by landing
in Salonika and joining the Yugoslavs, and so on.
但所有这些计划都是做梦,
绝对愚蠢且脱离现实
But all this was dreams, absolutely
foolish and out of the reality.
但那都是起源于这么个事实
But that stemmed from the fact
那就是我们认为战争结果
不可能在正面站线被决定
that we thought that the war
couldn't be decided on the main front
因为那条战线是不可侵犯的
because of the inviolability
of that front.
1940年5月甘末林在那条战线上有100个师,
Gamelin had 100 divisions
on that front in May 1940,
另外还有英国远征军的10个师
plus another ten of the British
expeditionary force.
40个师守卫马奇诺防线,
有5个师则守卫瑞士边境
40 manned the Maginot line,
while five guarded the Swiss frontier.
另外40个最好的师,将在德国一旦
进攻的时候开进中立的比利时
Another 40, the best, were to go into
neutral Belgium once Germany attacked.
但当那种情况发生时
But when that happened
甘末林整条战线的支点会在这里,阿登(森林).
the pivot of Gamelin's front
would be here, in the Ardennes.
无法穿越的阿登(森林)
The impenetrable Ardennes.
但是这样吗?
But was it?
在后方司令部里的地图上
On maps back at headquarters
它那茂密的树林和狭隘蜿蜒的小路
its thick woods
and narrow, winding roads
或许的确使阿登森林
看来似乎是不可穿越的
probably did make the Ardennes
seem impenetrable...
这应该也是为什么甘末林选择他的十个实力最弱,
训练最少,装备最差的师来守卫这条100英里长的前线
which is presumably why Gamelin chose to guard
this 100-mile stretch of front with ten of his
weakest,least-trained, worst-equipped divisions.
阿登森林之所以被选择为主要突破方向
The Ardennes came to be chosen
for the main thrust
是因为它提供了一个
绕过马奇诺防线的机会
since it offered an opportunity
to circumvent the Maginot line.
另外我们还意识到
And besides we were conscious
of the fact
在这一段的法国战线上防守的
只有一些二流法国部队
that there were only minor French troops which held
the positions in this section of the French front.
(曼陀菲尔将军)我们知道法国
最高统帅已经分散了他的坦克
We knew that the French High Command
had dispersed his tanks.
法国人拥有的坦克比我们的坦克
数量更多,其中一些比我们的更好更重
The French had more tanks and some better tanks,
heavier tanks,than we have had panzers.
但我们按照古德里安所教导的方式
来指挥我们的装甲军团
But we managed our panzer troops...
what Guderian said in his instructions.
"狠狠地并快速地打击
并且不要分散你的部队"
"Strike hard and quickly
and don't disperse your forces."
1940年春天格外阳光明媚
The spring of 1940
was remarkably sunny.
没有比在阿登森林这里更安静祥和的了,
Nowhere was it more peaceful
than here in the Ardennes,
将军们说过德国人将永远也不会进攻这里
where the generals had said
the Germans would never attack.
然而报告已蜂拥而来
Yet reports had been pouring in