二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E08

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

in May 1940
而现在正对英国坦克做着同样的事
and was doing the same now
to the British tanks.
它在1,000码以上都是有效的
It was effective at 1,000 yards and over.
它能准确定位你,瞄准你,
然后它会轻松地干掉一辆坦克
lt could pinpoint you, zero into you
and it would brew a tank up easily.
他们可以在我们甚至能开进
打击距离之前就向我们射击
They could shoot at us before
we were even within striking distance.
我们不能指望用二磅炮(40mm口径)
或六磅炮(57mm口径)来打它们
We couldn't hope to hit them with
the two-pounders or the six-pounders.
隆美尔不仅拥有战术和装备上的优势,
Rommel not only had the edge
in tactics and equipment,
他还享有他的政♥治♥领袖,希♥特♥勒♥的信任
he also enjoyed the confidence
of his political chief, Hitler.
韦维尔,他的对手,
Wavell, his opposite number,
被丘吉尔连续不断地施加压力
要他提供一个胜利
was continually pressured by
Churchill to provide a victory.
当他没能做到,他就被
克劳德·奥金莱克(爵士)将军所代替
When he didn't, he was replaced
by General Sir Claude Auchinleck.
"奥克",相应地,任命坎宁汉
中将为他的战地指挥官
"The Auk", in turn, appointed as his commander
in the field Lieutenant General Cunningham.
坎宁汉在东非打败了意大利人
Cunningham had defeated
the ltalians in East Africa
并把海尔·塞拉西(一世)
送回阿比西尼亚的王座
and put back Haile Selassie
on the throne of Abyssinia.
但他是个步兵(出身的将军)
对坦克一无所知
But he was an infantryman
and knew nothing about tanks.
坦克是在沙漠中取得胜利的关键,
The tank held the key to success
in the desert,
但英国坦克有许多地方需要改进
but British tanks
left much to be desired.
在机械方面来看,它们非常差
They were very poor,mechanically.
有部件缺掉了,连接不怎么适当的部件
There were parts missing,
parts not connected properly.
不象德国人,英国人没有什么坦克运输车,
Unlike the Germans,
the British had few tank transporters,
所以他们的坦克必须用履带
开很长的距离并投入战斗
so their tanks had to move long distances
as well as fight on their tracks.
每条履带都用一根钉子
跟下一条履带连接起来...
Every track is connected
to the next track by a pin...
许多的移♥动♥部件...
a lot of moving parts...
而这些部件,在沙漠中,
有时布满坚硬,砂砾的沙尘
which, in the desert, was sometimes
powdery but hard, gritty sand.
水是一种润滑剂
Well, water is a lubricant
一条坦克履带最适合泥泞的环境
and a tank track is best
suited to muddy conditions.
对丘吉尔来说,沙漠战争
已经僵持太长时间
To Churchill, the Desert War
had been too long in stalemate.
他需要胜利,
He needed victory,
尤其是在希腊和克里特岛
遭受令人羞辱的失败之后
especially after the humiliating
failures in Greece and Crete.
坎宁汉和奥金莱克一旦被任命
No sooner were Cunningham
and Auchinleck appointed
他们也立即受到(丘吉尔的)
压力来发动一次攻势
then they,too,were pressured
into an offensive.
英国人现在有更多的装备,
但他们的战术没有改变
The British now had more equipment,
but their tactics hadn't changed.
隆美尔可能想要重复威灵顿(公爵)的话:
Rommel might have been tempted
to echo Wellington's words:
挡"他们照原来的方法打过来
我们就照原来的方法拦住他们"
"They came on in the same old way and
we stopped them in the same old way."
在那个11月的仅仅五天里,
ln just five days that November,
坎宁汉就损失了300辆坦克...
他的部队的三分之二...
Cunningham lost 300 tanks...
two-thirds of his force...
许多是由于机械故障
many through mechanical failure.
比如说履带掉落和卡住了,
Say the track came off and jammed,
如果你正在作战,
well, if you were in action,
你除了弃车什么也做不了
you couldn't do anything about it
but bail out.
然后你也不能修复坦克
And then you couldn't recover the tank.
那时候在沙漠里我们没有修复坦克的办法
At that time in the desert
we had no means of recovery of tanks.
你总是离开战场
You'd always leave the battleground.
德国佬,他们似乎就留在那里
Jerrys, they used to seem to stay there.
我们可能在某天打得更成功
We might have had a successful day
但德国佬似乎总是能不让我们控制战场
but the Jerrys always seemed
to deny us the battlefield.
他们的装备(指坦克)肯定走了
跟我们的(坦克)一样远的路,
Their equipment had to come
equally as far as ours,
但他们似乎更珍惜它
but they seemed to value it more
并且只要他们的坦克一被打坏,
就尽一切努力修复它们
and did every effort to recover
their tanks as soon as it got dusk.
通过虚张声势和欺骗,
By bluff and guile,
隆美尔让坎宁汉确信
他已经输掉了这场战斗,
Rommel convinced Cunningham
he had lost the battle,
但奥金莱克决心待在原地不动
but Auchinleck
was determined to stay put.
他撤了想要撤退的坎宁汉,并任命了里奇
He sacked Cunningham, who wanted
to withdraw, and appointed Ritchie.
停留并战斗的这个赌博成功了
The gamble to stay and fight came off.
当英国人的战败就在眼前时,
When defeat stared the British in the face,
这场战斗的天平由于隆美尔的装甲部队
耗尽燃料而戏剧性地突然倒向他们这边
the battle's balance swung dramatically their way,
as Rommel's panzers ran out of fuel.
托布鲁克被解围了
Tobruk was relieved.
隆美尔被迫撤退500英里回到他的出发点,
Rommel was forced to withdraw
500 miles back to his starting point,
在1941年圣诞夜,班加西第三次易手
and, on Christmas Eve 1941, Benghazi
changed hands for the third time.
但当英联邦部队正预备再次
把轴心国(部队)赶出非洲,
But with Commonwealth forces again
poised to push the Axis out of Africa,
他们又再次被剥夺了部队和装备,
这次是为了远东,
they were again denuded of troops and
equipment, this time for the Far East,
在那里日本的参战威胁到了
缅♥甸♥和马来亚的英国基地
where Japan's entry into the war threatened
British bases in Burma and Malaya.
一个在中东战区取得真正和重要的战果的机会
An opportunity of gaining something which was
real and important in the Middle Eastern theatre
就因为在远东的一些很值得怀疑
和不太可能奏效的东西而失去了
was lost for the sake of something which was very
doubtful and unlikely to pay off in the Far East.
在两个星期内,隆美尔就反♥攻♥了
Within a couple of weeks,
Rommel counterattacked.
面对被削弱的英国部队,他重新夺回班加西
Against the weakened British forces,
he recaptured Benghazi
并再一次威胁到托布鲁克
and once more threatened Tobruk.
他在卡扎拉被拦住了
He was stopped at Gazala.
又一次,战争陷入僵局
Once again, it was stalemate.
沙漠的特殊条件培养了一种独特的同志情谊
The peculiar conditions of the desert
bred a comradeship that was unique.
对许多人来说,沙漠战争是一场个人的战争,
To many, the Desert War was a private war,
最后一场保留一点骑士精神伪装的战争
the last to retain any pretence of chivalry.
无论在哪里只要我们一停下
并有一个暂停和休息,
As soon as we stopped anywhere
and there was a lull and a rest,
你就会清理出一片沙漠并说:
you'd clear off a patch
of the desert and say:
"好吧现在我们来踢场球"
"Right. Now we'll have
a game of football."
运动家精神在两边都有所显现
The sportsmanship showed in both sides.
足球比赛在一定时期里不会被炮火打断
Football games were not interrupted by
artillery fire during certain periods.
主食是饼干和罐头牛肉
(Belchem) The staple diet
was biscuits and bully beef.
我们把罐头牛肉煎了吃,
把罐头牛肉煮了吃,
We had bully beef fried,
bully beef boiled,
罐头牛肉和狗饼干(军中
配给的硬饼干)一起吃
bully beef with dog biscuits.
哦,这硬饼干狗都拒绝吃它们
Oh, and dog biscuits.
Dogs would refuse to eat them.
由于食物成了一个问题
淡水又很稀少,
With food a problem
and fresh water scarce,
痢疾成了一种常见病
dysentery was a constant danger.
德国人发明了一种水罐
嫉妒的英国人,
The Germans invented a water can
which the envious English,
在无数次地看到他们自己的(水罐)
掉到崎岖不平的沙漠表面破裂后,
after seeing theirs burst countless
times on the bumpy desert surfaces,
复♥制♥了它并将其命名为"德国佬水罐"
copied and christened the "jerry can".
那里有一度我们一天只能分配