二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E13

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

made large-scale evacuation impossible.
在南面,(英国)第八军的一支
突前巡逻队与美国第二军会合
In the south, a forward patrol of the Eighth
Army linked up with the American Second Corps.
牢笼合上了
The trap closed.
两支盟军部队,一度相隔2,000英里的山川和沙漠,
Two Allied forces, once separated
by 2,000 miles of mountain and desert,
联手对德国在非洲的阵地发起了最后的猛攻
joined hands for the final onslaught
on the German position in Africa.
在人数上占有巨大优势的盟军,
The Allied armies, vastly superior in numbers,
把失去因病回国疗养的隆美尔的敌人,
从突尼斯的山川赶向了大海
drove the enemy,now without Rommel who had been invalided
home,back through the mountains of Tunisia towards the sea.
盟国空军拥有无可置疑的制空权
The Allied air forces
had undisputed control.
七天后一切都结束了
In seven days it was all over.
终于,非洲军团意识到战至最后一人毫无意义
Finally, the Afrikakorps saw no point
in fighting to the last man.
他们成群投降
They surrendered in droves.
接替隆美尔的倒霉的(汉斯·)冯·阿尼姆将军,
The unfortunate General von Arnim,
who succeeded Rommel,
也和他所有的参谋一起投降了
also surrendered with all his staff.
差不多二十五万人成了战俘...
Nearly a quarter of a million men
were taken prisoner...
一个可与斯大林格勒媲美的胜利
a victory to rank alongside Stalingrad.
这对英国人和他们的地中海
战略来说是一个重大推动
This was a major boost for the British
and their Mediterranean strategy.
西西里,就如在卡萨布兰卡同意的那样,
是议事日程上的下一个项目
Sicily, as agreed at Casablanca,
was the next item on the agenda.
德国在突尼斯崩溃仅仅两个月后,
Only two months after the
German collapse in Tunisia,
英国人和美国人开始
在西西里海滩登陆部队
the British and Americans began
landing troops on Sicilian beaches.
英国人由蒙哥马利领导,
美国人则是由巴顿将军指挥...
The British were led by Montgomery,
the Americans by General Patton...
这两个以自我为中心的风云人物
第一次被卷入同一场战役中
the first time these egocentric personalities
had been involved in the same campaign.
是英国第八军遭遇了德国人最凶猛的抵抗
It was the British Eighth Army which
met the fiercest German resistance.
在他们左翼,巴顿的美军很成功地横扫西西里
On their left, Patton's Americans
swept across Sicily in style.
他们在黑♥手♥党♥和平民中的家族关系中找到了有用的盟友
They found useful allies in the Mafia and family
connections among the civilian population.
局势多少被这样一个事实所缓解
The situation was relieved
somewhat by the fact
那就是在西西里很少有一个
家族在美国是没有亲戚的
that there was hardly a family in Sicily
that didn't have relatives in the United States.
把战争带上他们自己土地的西西里登陆,
The Sicilian landing,bringing
the war on to their own soil,
使绝大多数意大利人确信
他们的努力注定要失败
convinced most ltalians
that theirs was a lost cause.
如果有可能成团地缴械投降,
Giving themselves up,
if possible by the regiment,
成为意大利武装部队的首要目标
became the first objective
of ltaly's armed forces.
盟军对罗马的空袭为退出
战争提供了另一个理由
Allied bombing raids on Rome provided another
argument for getting out of the war.
当了20年"领袖"的贝尼托·墨索里尼,
Benito Mussolini, il Duce for 20 years,
被他自己的大♥法♥西斯议会
以票数通过了(对他的不信任动议)
was outvoted in his own
Fascist Grand Council.
7月25日,他被推♥翻♥了
On July 25th,he was toppled from power.
国王维托里奥·埃马努埃莱三世批准年长的
(佩特罗·)巴多格里奥元帅为政♥府♥首脑
King Victor Emmanuel approved the elderly
Marshal Badoglio as head of the government.
巴多格里奥公开宣称战争将继续,
Badoglio declared publicly
that the war would go on,
但立即与盟军就投降事宜展开秘密谈判
but immediately began secret negotiations
with the Allies for surrender.
到现在西西里,仅仅在几周之后,
几乎全部落入盟军手中
By now Sicily, after only a few weeks,
was almost all in Allied hands.
这次不再有大批的德国战俘了
This time there was to be no great haul
of German prisoners.
德国穿越狭窄的墨西拿海峡的撤退非常成功
German evacuation across the narrow
Straits of Messina was highly successful.
德国国防军的绝大部分人员
逃到了(意大利)本土
Most of the Wehrmacht's personnel
got away to the mainland.
甚至是最后一只看门狗
Even the last guard dog.
巴顿将军打败蒙哥马利(抢先)进入墨西拿
General Patton beat Montgomery into Messina.
盟军是在不知道他们接下来会去
哪儿的状况下登陆西西里的
The Allies had landed in Sicily
not knowing where they would go next.
在意大利不久即将崩溃的前景下,
英国人完全赞成进攻意大利本土
At the prospect of early Italian collapse, the
British were all for attacking the mainland.
美国人同意打一场有限的战役,但坚持
"霸王"行动,即入侵诺曼底(的行动),
The Americans agreed to a limited campaign, but
insisted that Overlord, the invasion of Normandy,
必须拥有对资源的优先调配权
must take priority for resources.
一位密使,卡斯特拉诺将军,被巴多格里奥
派去探询以什么条件意大利能加入同盟国
A secret envoy, General Castellano,was sent by Badoglio
to find out on what terms Italy could join the Allies.
但同盟国只是要意大利的投降
But the Allies simply wanted
ltalian surrender
并拒绝告诉卡斯特拉诺他们的入侵计划...
and refused to tell Castellano
of their invasion plans...
部分是因为他们不想让意大利人
知道他们的军力是多么有限
partly because they didn't want the ltalians
to know how limited their forces were.
我们对卡斯特拉诺将军能说的只有这个:
(Strong) All we could say
to General Castellano was this:
"我们会在事情发生前两或三个小时告诉你,
"Well, we will tell you
two or three hours before it happens,
那样你能尽你所能向英国人...
向盟军的行动提供援助
so that you can give any assistance you can
to the British...to the Allied operations.
最后,在9月3日,这些条款被签署了
Eventually, on the 3rd September,
these terms were signed.
就在那天,盟军入侵了
On that day,
the Allies invaded.
蒙哥马利穿过墨西拿海峡
进攻意大利的脚趾部位，
Montgomery went across the Straits
of Messina to attack the toe of ltaly,
但没有遇到抵抗
but found no resistance.
德国人已经北移以应对一个
海岸更北面的盟军登陆的威胁
The Germans had moved north to counter the threat
of an Allied landing further up the coast.
意大利人想要(盟军在罗马附近进行)
一次登陆以保卫罗马不受德国人的进攻,
The ltalians had wanted a landing
to safeguard Rome from German attack,
但这是不可能的
but this was impossible.
美国人和英国人感觉稳健的最靠北的登陆地点
离罗马还差得远,而是在萨莱诺,
The furthest north the Americans and British felt it
prudent to land was nowhere near Rome,but at Salerno,
这是盟军从西西里岛为基地的
空中支援能到达的地方
as far as the Allied air cover
operating from Sicily could stretch.
这次行动以极快的速度发动
以利用意大利的混乱(局面)
The operation had been mounted at great speed
to take advantage of the confusion in ltaly.
行动指挥官,美国将军马克·克拉克的部队
刚刚足够应付他们必须完成的任务
The forces of the commander,American general Mark Clark
were barely adequate for the job they had to do.
在路上,部队听到了由艾森
豪威尔将军发表的广播讲话
On the way,the troops heard
a broadcast by General Eisenhower.
意大利政♥府♥已让其武装部队无条件投降
The Italian government has surrendered
its armed forces unconditionally.
作为盟军总司令,我已批准一个军事停战协定
As Allied commander in chief,
l have granted a military armistice.
停战协定由我的代表和
巴多格里奥元帅的代表签署
The armistice was signed by my representatives
and the representative of Marshal Badoglio.
它在此刻生效
And it becomes effective this instant.
他的盟友的投降没有让希♥特♥勒♥吃惊
The surrender of his allies
did not take Hitler by surprise.
他已经把增援部队开进意大利北部
He'd already moved reinforcements
into northern ltaly.
在一个嘲讽地被命名为"轴心行动"的计划下
意大利人在这里被迅速地解除了武装
Here the ltalians were quickly disarmed under
a plan ironically codenamed Operation Axis.
在此时,希♥特♥勒♥还没决定
他应该在哪里守住防线
At this point, Hitler had not decided
just where he would hold the line.
德国人进入罗马发现它
是一个没有政♥府♥的首都
The Germans entered Rome to find it
a capital without a government.
巴多格里奥和他的部长们已通过跳进他们的
汽车并开走来避免因背叛而被枪毙的风险
Badoglio and his ministers had avoided
the risk of being shot for treachery by
leaping into their cars and driving away.
在罗马的南面,克拉克的入侵部队正在靠近海滩
South of Rome, Clark's invasion force
was nearing the beaches.
萨莱诺,如果你坐船进去,
Salerno, if you go in on a boat,
你会看到包围着你的山和你要穿过的隘口
you look at the mountains that hem you
in and the passes through which you go.
敌人会正俯视着你
The enemy would be
looking down your throat.
德国人准备好了并正等着
The Germans were ready and waiting.
48小时后,德国人发动了一次猛烈的反♥攻♥