二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E23

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

这个(面♥积♥)不到一♥平♥方英里的极小的岛屿,
This tiny island,
less than one square mile,
损失了超过4,000条生命
cost more than 4,000 lives.
这是塔拉瓦,当美国人在太平洋各处把日本人逐岛
赶回去时,它是战争中一些最激烈的战斗的典型
This is Tarawa, typical of some of the most concentrated
fighting of the war as the Americans drive the Japanese
back island by island across the Pacific.
1942年2月,日本轰炸机攻击了澳大利亚本土
ln February 1942, Japanese bombers
attacked the Australian mainland.
空袭暂时瘫痪了达尔文
(澳大利亚西北城市)的海军基地
The raid temporarily knocked out
the naval base of Darwin.
随着日本人正在穿越新几内亚,
With the Japanese
advancing across New Guinea,
一些澳大利亚人以为这是入侵的前奏,
some Australians thought
this was the prelude to invasion,
但日本陆军和海军不能取得一致意见
but the Japanese army and navy
were unable to agree.
他们的入侵计划被束之高阁
Their invasion plans were shelved.
事实上,日本人发现他们
(的战线)拉得过长了
In fact, the Japanese found
they were overextended.
在新几内亚丛林那可怕的环境中,
In the appalling conditions
of the New Guinea jungle,
澳大利亚人,在不断增长的美国援助下,
the Australians, with growing American support,
止住了日本人向至关重要
的基地莫尔斯比港的推进
turned back the Japanese advance
on the vital base of Port Moresby.
沿着科科达小道盟军发起反♥攻♥
Along the Kokoda Trail
the Allies counterattacked.
疾病和病害是象日本人的子弹一样可怕的障碍
Sickness and disease were obstacles
as formidable as Japanese bullets.
到1942年底,对澳大利亚的威胁已被解除
By the end of 1942, the threat
to Australia had been removed.
到了进行长♥期♥而又痛苦的战斗
以把日本人推回他们的祖国的阶段
The stage was set for the long and bitter struggle
to push the Japanese back to their homeland.
盟军的攻势由两个竞争对手分别指挥,
The Allied offensive came under
the separate command of two rivals,
西南太平洋战区的道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军
General Douglas MacArthur
in the southwest Pacific
和中太平洋战区的切斯特·尼米兹
海军上将(太平洋舰队总司令)
and Admiral Chester Nimitz
in the central Pacific.
美国的战略是要对一个征服地区绵延数千平方英里
的陆地和海洋的敌人发动一场两个方向的攻击
American strategy was to mount a two-pronged
attack on an enemy whose conquests extended
over thousands of square miles of land and ocean.
麦克阿瑟的任务是要从所罗门群岛
和新几内亚向上猛推至菲律宾群岛
MacArthur's task was to thrust upwards from
the Solomons and New Guinea to the Philippines.
在尼米兹指挥下的部队要
进行一系列巨大的逐岛跳跃
The forces under Nimitz were to make
a series of giant leaps from island to island...
马绍尔群岛,马里亚纳群岛,硫磺岛,冲绳
the Marshall lslands,the Marianas,
Iwo Jima, Okinawa.
他们将会于1943年11月
在吉尔伯特群岛的塔拉瓦开始进攻
They would start in the Gilberts
in November 1943 at Tarawa.
你们每个人都比日本佬优秀得多
Each one of you is much better than the Jap.
体格上你们更强壮智力上你们更聪明
你们有更好的武器
You're better physically. You're better
mentally. You have better weapons.
当要进行个人战斗时你们会有更好的
支援(火力) 那样你们将能轻松打败他
You'll have better support so that you'll be able to
lick him hands down when it comes to individual fighting.
让我再重复一次将军说的话
Let me repeat again
what the general said.
如果你们要抓一个俘虏时
不得不冒什么风险的话,
lf you have to run any chances
whatsoever to get a prisoner,
那就别抓他了
then don't get him.
尼米兹海军上将的跳岛大舰群
的第一个目标塔拉瓦环礁
The first objective of Admiral Nimitz's
island-hopping armada's Tarawa atoll
已经成为一个日本人的要塞从那里
的机场起飞的飞机能攻击美国舰队
had become a Japanese fortress from whose
airstrip planes could strike at the US fleets.
塔拉瓦必须被拿下
Tarawa had to be taken.
这是第一次对一个被珊瑚礁保护
起来的守卫森严的环礁发起海上进攻
This was the first time a seaborne attack had been launched
against a heavily defended atoll protected by a coral reef.
在由5,000名海军陆战队员组成的第一批突击
部队中没有人意识到塔拉瓦的防守有多么强
No one in the initial assault force of 5,000 marines
realised just how strong the defences of Tarawa were.
他们以为他们会夷平这座岛并彻底摧毁一切东西,
They thought they would level the island
and completely demolish everything,
岛上不会有一个活人
that there wouldn't be
a living soul on the island.
我记得他告诉我们,
I remember him telling us,
"这会是我们经历过的最容易的入侵行动"
"This is gonna be the easiest
invasion we ever had."
他说, "我们将只需要两个人...
一个拿着步♥枪♥ 一个拿着记事板"
He says, "We'll only need two men...
one with a rifle and one with a slate."
"一个人向他们开枪,还有一个用粉笔记下成绩"
"One to shoot 'em, one to chalk 'em up."
"这将真的很容易"
"lt's gonna be real easy."
我转过身对甲板上站在我旁边的那个少校说,
I turned to the major standing
next to me on the deck and said,
"我们的一些人今天炮瞄得不是很准"
"Some of our people
aren't aiming very well today."
他说, "你不会以为那些是我们的炮弹吧?"
He said, "You don't think
those are our shells, do you?"
我这才第一次意识到我们正在
被轰击而塔拉瓦上还有日本人
l realised then for the first time that we're
being shot at and there were Japanese on Tarawa.
每个人都自信你能揍得日本人哭爹喊娘
Everyone was confident that
you could kick hell out of the Japanese.
如果海军陆战队员们能踏上海滩
我们对付他们毫无问题
The marines would have no problem with them
if we could get our feet on the beach.
我们走! 我们走!
Let's go! Let's go!
你必须记得那个岛只有800或900码宽
You must remember that the island
was only 800 or 900 yards wide
而当你把20,000个人放到那样
一个岛上时,那就十分拥挤了
and when you put 20,000 men on
an island like that, it's quite crowded.
战线前面,战线后面,到处都有日本佬
There were Japs in front of the lines,
behind the lines, all over.
我们被告知也许我们能在
非常短的时间内就夺取该岛
We were told that perhaps we could take
this island within a very short time
在登陆的几小时后十分明显
事情不会这样(简单)
and it was quite evident within hours
of landing that this would not be so.
那些散兵坑已经被海军的炮火
(扬起的沙子)遮盖起来,
The foxholes that had been
covered up with the naval gunfire,
第二天早晨,在我所在位置的大约20码远,
the next morning,within about
20 yards of where I was,
我看到日本人在挖掘
l watched the Japanese digging out.
他们在把沙子挖出那地方那样他们能朝外看
They were digging the sand out of
the place so that they could see out.
战斗激烈地进行了三天日本守卫者们
被逐渐逼进了这座极小的岛屿的一端
The battle raged for three days with the Japanese defenders
gradually pinned back into one end of this tiny island.
日本指挥官(柴崎惠次少将)曾吹嘘说
塔拉瓦100年都攻不下来
The Japanese commander had boasted that
Tarawa could not be taken in 100 years.
如果你能想象在这么小一个岛上
有差不多6,000个死人的感受,
If you can imagine the effect of nearly
6,000 dead men on an island this small,
并考虑到它离赤道只有一纬度,
你在那儿得承受的这种热度,
and considering it's one degree from the
equator,the amount of heat you have there,
你可以想象在一两天后
你闻到的从腐烂的肉体上散发的味道
you can imagine the smell you get
within a day or two from all this rotting flesh.
这是一种甜甜的味道...
令人作呕的甜味,我这么形容它...
lt was a sort of sweet smell...
sickly sweet, I described it...
我不知道第二次世界大战中
还有什么地方有这么集中的死人
and I don't know anywhere in World War II
where there was such a concentration of death.
当一切都结束时,在3,000个
日本守军中,只有17个投降
When it was all over,of 3,000
Japanese, only 17 surrendered.
美国人的伤亡是1,000人阵亡 2,000人受伤
The Americans lost over 1,000 dead
and 2,000 wounded.
美国的公众舆♥论♥被在如此短暂的一次
战斗中造成如此惨重的损失所震惊
Public opinion in the United States was shocked that such
heavy losses had been incurred in so short a period of fighting.
在塔拉瓦战役后,美国入侵部队前往
马里亚纳群岛的塞班岛,提尼安岛和关岛
After Tarawa, American invasion forces headed for
the Mariana lslands of Saipan, Tinian and Guam.
保护登陆的海军特遣舰队被部署在塞班岛的西面
The naval task force protecting the landings
was positioned to the west of Saipan.
1944年6月日本机动舰队从冲绳开来,
Approaching from Okinawa in June 1944
was Japan's mobile fleet,
寻找一场能扭转战局的海上胜利
looking for a naval success that
would yet turn the war in their favour.
突然,从他们的雷达上,美国人意识到他们已被日本人发现,
Suddenly, from their radar,the Americans realised
that they had been spotted by the Japanese.
每一架可起飞的美国战斗机都升空
迎击一波接一波的日本舰载飞机
Every available American fighter was put into the air
to meet wave after wave of Japanese carrier-borne planes.
许多日本飞行员相比而言都是没有战斗经验的新手
Many Japanese pilots were comparative
novices with no battle experience.
他们的飞机装甲很薄
Their aircraft were poorly armoured.
对向他们的对手猛扑下去的美国飞行员来说,
For the American flyers
swooping down on their opponents,