二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E05

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

俄♥国♥: 1941年6月中旬
Russia: mid-June 1941.
一个困惑的,不确定的国家
A bewildered, uncertain country.
希♥特♥勒♥的德国即将入侵的传闻大量存在
Rumours abounded
of invasion by Hitler's Germany.
在克里姆林宫里,俄♥国♥的领导人
似乎对这个纳粹威胁没有察觉,
Here in the Kremlin, Russia's leaders
seemed oblivious of the Nazi threat,
或者如果不是没察觉,那就是自我满足,
or if not oblivious, then complacent,
仿佛,只要忽略它,它就可能会消失
as if, by ignoring it,
it might disappear.
然而,数百万的德国部队已经
沿着俄♥国♥边境预备好...
Yet already, millions of German troops
were poised along Russia's border
发动一场历史上最血腥的陆地战役...
to launch the bloodiest land battle
in history...
一场最终决定第二次
世界大战(结果)的战役
the battle that was eventually
to decide the Second World War.
一个民族,一个帝国,一个元首!
Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer!
♪ 当士兵穿越城市的时候
♪ Wenn die Soldaten
durch die Stadt marschieren
♪ 少女们打开了
♪ Öffnen die Mädchen
♪ 窗子和门
♪ Die Fenster und die Türen
♪ 为什么呢? 就是这样
♪ Ei warum? Ei darum
♪ 仅仅是因为铜乐齐鸣,战鼓声声
♪ Ei bloß wegen dem Schingderassa,
Bumderassasa
♪ 仅仅是因为铜乐齐鸣,战鼓声声...
♪ Ei bloß wegen dem Schingderassa,
Bumderassasa...
1940年7月,从法国凯♥旋♥归来的希♥特♥勒♥
Hitler in July 1940,
returning from France in triumph,
站在他权力的顶峰
stood at the pinnacle of his power.
♪ ..少女们是如此高兴
♪ ..Die Mädchen ach so gerne
♪ 为什么呢? 就是这样
♪ Ei warum? Ei darum
♪ 仅仅是因为铜乐齐鸣,战鼓声声
♪ Ei bloß wegen dem Schingderassa,
Bumderassasa
他的胜利的迅速和千真万确
甚至令他的将军惊讶不已
The speed and sureness of his victories
has astonished even his generals.
他们的怀疑已经被回答,
他们的反对可能不被考虑
Their doubts had been answered,
their opposition could be discounted.
现在希♥特♥勒♥向他们透露
接下来应该轮到俄♥国♥了
lt was now that Hitler confided to them
it would be the Russians' turn next.
胜利万岁!
Sieg Heil!
在《我的奋斗》中,阿道夫·希♥特♥勒♥写道:
In Mein Kampf,
Adolf Hitler had written:
"当我们谈到新领土,
我们必须想到俄♥国♥"
"When we speak of new territory,
we must think of Russia."
"命运本身就指向那里的路"
"Destiny itself points the way there."
(♪ 德国国歌♥)
(♪ German national anthem)
俄♥国♥会为日耳曼民族提供生存空间...
Russia would provide
living space for the German Volk...
生存空间(德语)
Lebensraum.
万岁! 万岁! 万岁!
Heil! Heil! Heil!
万岁! 万岁! 万岁!
Heil! Heil! Heil!
普通德国人,
The ordinary German,
就跟普通俄♥国♥人
或其他地方的普通人一样,
like the ordinary Russian
or ordinary person anywhere,
对希♥特♥勒♥在1939年8月与斯大林
签定的(互不侵犯)条约感到诧异
had been surprised by Hitler's pact
with Stalin in August 1939.
对他来说,就和对他们一样,这似乎是世界上
最互相仇恨的对手间最不可能的立场大转变
To him, as to them, it had seemed the least likely
about-face by the world's bitterest rivals.
这份纳粹-苏联(互不侵犯)条约
对希♥特♥勒♥来说很管用
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
had served its purpose for Hitler.
当他对付波兰和法国时,
他没有受到阻碍
He had not been hindered
while he dealt with Poland and France.
斯大林,从他这方面来讲,
赢得了一个喘息的空间
Stalin, for his part,
gained a breathing space
让他在30年代流血的大清洗后
可以重整他的军队
while he put his army in order after
the blood-letting purges of the '30s.
他也把赌注压在了一场
德国和盟国之间漫长的战争上
He had gambled, too, on a lengthy
struggle between Germany and the Allies.
但德国在西方的胜利要比他预料的迅速
But the German victories in the west
had been swifter than he had expected.
在1940年秋天希♥特♥勒♥
就已经想要进攻俄♥国♥,
Hitler wanted to attack Russia
already in the fall of 1940,
但让他自己,仅此一次,被说服了
and let himself, for once, be persuaded
那就是由于俄♥国♥的天气,要想在
这么晚的时间开战是不可能的,
that it would be impossible to go to war at that
late time on account of the weather in Russia,
还为了这个原因那就是在进入这个新战役之前
加强德国陆军,还有德国空军,是紧迫和必要的
and for the reason that it would be urgent and necessary
to enforce the German army,as well as the German air force,
before entering into this new campaign.
(阿尔伯特·施佩尔纳粹军备部长)
1939年8月,当希♥特♥勒♥和俄♥国♥签定条约,
ln August '39, when Hitler
had signed the pact with Russia,
在晚上,放了部电影,
in the evening, there was a movie,
这部电影展示了俄♥国♥部队
在克里姆林宫前的阅兵
and this movie showed the parade of
the Russian troops before the Kremlin.
他对此留下了非常深刻的印象并对签定条约后,
这支部队现在不再构成威胁而感到如释重负
He was very much impressed and was relieved
that now, with the pact,this army is neutralised.
但后来,当德国部队在占领
波兰过程中遇到俄♥国♥部队,
But afterwards, when the German troops
met the Russian ones in occupying Poland,
军官们向希♥特♥勒♥报告
officers reported to Hitler
那些俄♥国♥部队的装备非常低劣
that the equipment
of those Russian units were very poor.
他一开始并不是很相信,
He first didn't believe it so much,
但接着当俄♥国♥人进攻芬兰人
but then when the Russians
attacked the Finns
而他们没能取得任何进展,
and they didn't have any progress,
他确信这真的是事实
he was convinced
that this was really the truth
他现在认为俄军不再
象以前那样强大了
and he was now considering the Russian
army no more as strong as before.
关于红军的战斗力的怀疑
在俄♥国♥内部也被提起
Doubts about the Red Army's strength
had been raised inside Russia itself.
30年代的大清洗
大批消灭了其领导层
For the purges of the '30s
had decimated its leadership.
90%的(苏联红军)将军,80%的上校
以及超过一半的军级指挥官
90% of its generals, 80% of its colonels
and well over half its corps commanders
被斯大林随心所欲地下令处死
had been put to death at Stalin's whim.
一个军区的每一位指挥员都被消灭了
Every single commander
of a military district was eliminated.
一个陆军师的每一位指挥员都被消灭了
Every single commander
of an army division has been eliminated.
一个团的每一位指挥员,除了少数例外,
Every single commander of a regiment,
with some exceptions here,
也都被消灭了
also eliminated.
现在,你看,这不只是政♥治♥上的虚弱
Now, you see, this is a little more
than political weakness.
可以这么说,红军被斩首了
The army was beheaded, so to speak.
在红军对付芬兰人的拙劣表现后,
After the Red Army's
poor performance against the Finns,
(苏联当局)采取步骤对红军进行改革
steps were taken to reform it.
当德国国防军击溃法国人
的消息传到莫斯科,
When news reached Moscow of
the Wehrmacht's crushing of the French,
这些改革被加速了
these reforms were accelerated.
到1940年夏天,它们仍未完成
They were still incomplete
by the summer of 1940.
尽管如此,斯大林抓住机会
All the same, Stalin seized his chance
趁希♥特♥勒♥还忙于不列颠战役
while Hitler was preoccupied
with the battle for Britain
先是夺取了波罗的海三国,
爱沙尼亚,拉脱维亚和立陶宛,
to grab first the Baltic States
of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania,
然后,在同一个月里,
and then, within the same month,
夺取了属于罗马尼亚的比萨拉比亚
(即摩尔多瓦)和北布科维纳(后归乌克兰)...
those parts of Romania known as
Bessarabia and northern Bukovina...
在希♥特♥勒♥的眼里,此举使俄军
a move that, to Hitler's eyes,
brought Russian troops
令人不适地靠近罗马尼亚
普洛耶什蒂的油田,
uncomfortably close
to the Romanian oil wells at Ploesti,
德国唯一的石油供应来源,
Germany's only oil supply,
对其坦克,飞机和舰船至关重要
vital for its tanks and planes
and ships.
但由于他的大部分部队仍在西方,
But with the bulk of his forces
still in the west,
希♥特♥勒♥没有干涉
Hitler did not intervene.
相反,他对巴尔干国家加大了外交压力
以争取它们成为德国的同盟
Instead, he stepped up diplomatic pressure
to woo the Balkans into the German fold.