二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E20

Part 4 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

this final solution of the Jewish problem.
(会议)已作出决定
欧洲所有的犹太人将被毒死
lt had been decided that all the Jews
in Europe were to be gassed.
所有被占领的欧洲国家都有一个以
模范集中营,达豪为样板的集中营系统
All Occupied Europe had a concentration-camp
system based on the model camp, Dachau.
这些集中营不仅是一种恐怖的工具,
The camps were not only
an instrument of terror,
它们还是战争生产的一个重要因素,
they were an important factor
in war production,
每一个(集中营)都附有一群劳动营
each with its cluster of labour camps attached.
现在,它们还将是最终解决(方案)的手段
Now, they were also to be the means
of the Final Solution.
在被占领的东方,专门修建了新集中营
而老的集中营装备了新的工业能力
ln the occupied east,new camps were specially built
and old ones equipped with new industrial capacity.
它们将成为杀害上百万人,
They were to be machines to kill
human beings by the million,
利用(他们的)副产品,
处理废弃物(遗体)的机器
utilise the by-products,
dispose of the waste.
这些灭绝营坐落在铁路线上以方便运输
The camps were sited on railway routes
to facilitate transportation.
艾希曼从国家铁路(部门)包租下全部列车
Eichmann chartered rolling stock
from the state railways.
最大的灭绝营建在从克拉科夫(波兰城市)
到维也纳的铁路干线的两边,
The biggest camp of all was built astride
the main railway line from Cracow to Vienna,
就在波兰城镇奥斯威辛的市郊...
in the outskirts of the
Polish town of Oswiecim...
奥斯维辛
Auschwitz.
1942年夏天,希姆莱访问了
奥斯维辛来视察(工程)进展,
ln summer 1942, Himmler visited
Auschwitz to inspect progress,
来亲自看看事情进行得如何
to see for himself
how things were getting on.
施工正在进行中
Work was under way.
制♥造♥商已经被招标,选择已经作出
Manufacturers' tenders had
been called for, choices made.
新的联合毒气室和焚化炉的示意图
和建筑师的制图已经为视察而准备好,
Plans and architects' drawings for the new combined
gas chambers and crematoriums were ready for inspection,
上面有他们精心设计的烟囱
和拥有特别专利的熔炉
with their carefully designed chimneys
and specially patented furnaces.
在外面,建筑工人...奴隶劳工...
Outside, construction workers...
slave labourers...
正在暖和的夏季气候中
奋力赶上他们的进度
were striving to keep to their schedules
in the warm summer weather.
施放毒气将用一种由商业杀虫剂
发展而来的毒丸,齐克隆-B,来完成
The gassing would be done with poisoned pellets
developed from a commercial pesticide,Zyklon B.
毒丸被从一个屋顶的格栅摇下
The pellets were shaken
through a roof grille.
暴露在空气中,它们释放出氰化物毒气
Exposed to the air,
they gave off cyanide gas.
在被占领的国家,围捕开始了
ln the occupied territories,
the roundups began.
在一些国家...这是荷兰...
没有奔逃(的事情发生)
ln some countries...this
is Holland...no stampede.
犹太人以有秩序的方式聚集起来进行重置,
The Jews gathered for resettlement
in orderly fashion,
让他们迁走的命令在他们的
社区领袖(的劝说下)取得了成功
the order of their going worked
out by their community leaders.
在这背后,是党卫队和盖世太保
Behind it all, the SS and the Gestapo.
各到各处的犹太人都被告知...
而他们也准备相信...
Jews everywhere were told...
and they were ready to believe...
他们被运走是为了重新安置
they were being transported
for resettlement.
在(欧洲)东部饥肠辘辘的犹太人聚居区里,
那些志愿走的人得到了面包
ln the starving ghettos of the east,
those who volunteered to go got bread.
为了逃避饥饿,他们情愿地为旅程支付铁路运费
To escape starvation, they willingly
paid railway fares for the journey.
在武装卫兵的看守之下,他们
茫然不知所措地走向火车站
Bewildered, under armed guard,
they walked to the station.
运牛的列车车皮正在等待
The cattle trucks were waiting.
站台上有士兵把守
There were soldiers on the platform.
他们爬上列车
They climbed aboard.
我们进去的一刹那,他们用
一根闩把我们关进去的一瞬间,
The minute we got in, the minute
they closed it on us with a bolt,
车厢里就开始爆发出可怕的喊叫声
terrible cries began inside
用波兰语,意第绪语,德语...
在恳求,请求:
in Polish, Yiddish, German...
pleading, requests:
"没有空气了我们透不过气了"
"There's no air. We're suffocating."
"窒息了窒息了"
"Suffocating. Suffocating."
突然你听到车轮一震,(火车启动了),
Here suddenly you had a hell on wheels,
人们突然不再专注于过去或者将来,
and people suddenly stopped to be preoccupied
either with the past or with the future,
而是如何活过这段旅程
but with surviving the journey.
首先昏倒的是孩子,妇女,老年男女
The first to faint were children,
women, old men and women.
他们全都像苍蝇一样跌落,
真的就象苍蝇一样
They all fell down like flies,
exactly like flies.
父亲就站在我身边
Father was standing next to me.
突然,我看到他倒下了他已经瘫倒了
All of a sudden, I see that
he is falling. He has collapsed.
我哭道,"父亲,父亲!"
l cried, "Father, Father!"
然后我在车厢的地板上找到一块木头
Then I found a piece of wood
on the floor of the wagon.
我站起来开始用这根木头打人
l got up and began to beat
with the piece of wood.
它是根木棒或之类的东西
lt was a club or something.
我开始打车厢里站着我周围的人
l began to beat the people who were
standing around me in the wagon
那样他们就能为父亲让出空间,
那样父亲就能站起来
so that they would make room for Father,
so that Father could get up.
我记得我不在乎其他人的痛苦,
l remember that I didn't care
about the suffering of others,
他们的哭喊,他们的威胁,
只要父亲能够站起来
their cries, their threats,
only that Father should get up.
(普里莫·列维意大利犹太人)
我们已在列车的标示上看到了奥斯维辛的名字...
We had read the name of Auschwitz
on the label on the trucks...
在车皮或车厢上车皮上吧
in the trucks or the wagons. Trucks.
但我们没人知道奥斯维辛意味着什么
But nobody of us knew
what Auschwitz meant.
我能看到两排很明显是通了电的铁丝网
I could see two rows of barbed wire
which were obviously electrical.
然后我看到一排端着卡♥宾♥枪♥的人
和一排狗...训练非常有素的狗
And then I saw a row of people with carbines
and a row of dogs...very disciplined dogs.
(鲁道夫·弗尔巴捷克斯洛伐克犹太人 1944年4月
逃出奥斯维辛成为揭开奥斯维辛集中营的第一人)
我的心情更多的是愉快,而不是不安
And I was more amused than uneasy.
我觉得他们不会开枪打死我
因为我想不出有什么理由那么做
l didn't think they were going to shoot me
because I couldn't see a reason for that.
车门被打开了他们抬起了那根闩
The car was opened.
They undid the bolt.
车门打开的一瞬间,突然有一股(新鲜)空气(吹进来)
The first moment it was opened,
there was a sudden gust of air.
这很好我们开始把死尸扔出(车厢)
lt was good. We began to
throw out the dead bodies.
但突然间,传来了声音:
But all of a sudden,
there were voices:
"(德语)犹太人快,快出来,出来,出来"
"Juden. Raus, raus.
Schnell, schnell, schnell."
"快,快出来,出来,出来"
"Quick, quick. Out, out, out."
(丽塔·波阿斯·库普曼荷兰犹太人)
我那时第一次感到害怕你知道为什么?
l was afraid then for the first time,
and you know why?
有直冲云霄的火焰和一股奇怪的味道
There were flames until the sky
and a strange smell.
(这是)我记得在家里当我母亲
在周五烧鸡时的那股味道
The smell I remember from home when
my mother burns on Friday a chicken.
在站台上迎接他们的,
是一个党卫队的接待委员会
On the platform to greet them,
an SS reception committee.
新到达的人被分为两列
New arrivals were divided
into two columns.
由集中营的医生进行一次快速的医疗检查
A quick medical inspection
by the camp doctors.
那些适合工作的被安排到一边
Those fit to work were put to one side.
在另一列,是所有剩下的人...
ln the other column, all the rest...
老人,
the old,
病人,
the sick,
瘸子,
the lame,
孕妇,
pregnant mothers,
带着孩子的女人.
women with children.
一些人怀疑(会发生)最坏的事
大多数人都毫无所知
Some suspect the worst.
Most have no idea.