二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E10

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

For those who wanted to read them,
all the lessons were there.
但恐怕没人会尽那个心
But l'm afraid no one bothered.
结果就是总的来说,
贸易防御被非常严重地忽视了
And as a result trade defence
as a whole, was very badly neglected.
这种忽视继续着
The neglect continued.
在早期,护航船队只能在距离大西洋
两岸的大约300英里范围内被护送
In the early days,convoys could only be escorted
for about 300 miles from each Atlantic coast.
没有足够的护卫舰只
There just weren't enough escort ships.
那些可用的(护卫舰)缺乏耐久性
它们的船员几乎都没受过训练
Those available lacked endurance and
their crews were virtually untrained.
我的(下属)军官们是皇家海军志愿后备队军官
(Sherwood) My officers were RNVR officers.
(RNVR, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve)
其中一个的职业是土木工程师
One was a civil engineer by profession.
另外两个是加拿大海军中尉,
The other two were
Canadian sublieutenants,
年龄都在20到21岁之间,
both of the age of between 20 and 21,
他们作为乘客从加拿大过来
who had come from Canada as passengers
而那就是他们(仅有)的出海经历
and that was their seagoing experience.
部门的领导是常规(海军)军官...
The heads of department were regulars...
他们中的一些人已经退役并被召回...
some of them had retired
and called back...
有两或三个水手是正式服役的,
and there were two or three seamen
who were of the pukka service,
其余的都是直接上船(的新手)
and the rest were straight in.
空中掩护将被证明是至关重要的,
Air cover was to prove all-important,
但令人惊讶的是海军的
航♥空♥母舰一开始没有提供空中掩护
but surprisingly the navy's carriers
did not at first supply it.
那任务落在了皇家空军身上,尽管
(皇家空军)岸防司令部没有什么准备
That task went to the RAF, although
Coastal Command was ill prepared.
除了非常少数的桑德兰水上飞机,
With the exception of Sunderland
flying boats, a very small number,
其他所有的飞机,除了"安森"
(侦察机)外都是些临时凑合的东西
all the other aircraft
except the Anson were lash-ups.
(威尔弗雷德·奥尔顿空军少将岸防司令部)
他们的用途完全不同却为了完成岸防司令部的这个任务被借用
They were borrowed from entirely dissimilar functions
in order to do this job in Coastal Command.
其次,没有什么导航助手
Secondly, the navigation aids
were not there.
完全是推测方位的导航
It was entirely dead-reckoning navigation.
一个有经验的导航员能看着海面,
And whereas an experienced navigator
can look at the sea,
估计风向,他可能一小时就能到达目的地
estimate the wind and where
he's likely to be in an hour's time,
而这对一个新手来说却非常难
this is very difficult for a new boy.
由于被导航去的那个地点,
护航船队也经常同样地搞错,
And since the point to be navigated to,
the convoy, was often equally at error,
因此我们没能碰到许多
护航船队也就不奇怪了
it was no wonder that we failed
to meet many convoys.
所以缺乏设备,缺乏训练以及不合适的飞机
So lack of equipment,
lack of training and unsuitable aircraft
在战争开始阶段肯定是严重的缺陷
were certainly severe handicaps
at the beginning of the war.
更要命的是,战场上海军和空军的合作,
What is more, cooperation between
the navy and the air force in the field,
当他们在海上时,的确是非常糟糕,
while they're at sea,
was very bad indeed,
主要是由于在白厅的高级军官之间的愚蠢争吵
mainly due to stupid quarrels
between senior officers in Whitehall.
我们能在舰船和飞机之间实现正常
的那种合作花了差不多两年时间
It took nearly two years before we had anything like
the right sort of cooperation between ships and aircraft.
这是一个耻辱和一个悲剧
It was a disgrace and a tragedy.
在最初的那几年里那么多船被不必要
地击沉了那么多生命不必要地牺牲了
So many ships were sunk and so many lives lost
unnecessarily during those first few years.
所以海员们遭受的痛苦来自于白厅的争吵,
来自于U型潜艇以及来自于♥大♥海♥
So seamen suffer from quarrels in Whitehall,
from the U-boats and from the sea.
现在根据受欢迎的请求,
播放"西部近海区"的主题音乐
Now by popular request,the Western
Approaches signature tune.
♪ 有人在摇我的梦中之船
♪ Someone's rocking my dream boat
♪ 有人在入侵我的梦
♪ Someone's invading my dream
♪ 我们正如此安详和平静地航行
♪ We were sailing along
so peaceful and calm
♪ 突然有什么东西出了错
♪ Suddenly something went wrong
在一次艰难的船队航行后
很难向陆地上的人描述...
It's very hard to describe to someone
on the land after a tough convoy...
我所说的艰难是指坏天气,
by tough I mean bad weather,
(爱德华·巴特勒前海军上士)
尤其是在冬天里...
especially in the wintertime...
在海上呆了超过两周就是,
what just over two weeks at sea is,
靠罐头咸牛肉和压缩饼干为生
living on corned beef and hard tack.
而这不是一个谬论
And this is not a fallacy.
我们以前经常这样做(吃罐头食品)
We used to do this quite often
当海水涌进来并扑灭了厨房♥的火
when the seas came in
and put the galley fires out.
你就是烧不了任何热食
You couldn't just cook anything hot.
幸运的人有吊床(可睡)
The lucky ones had hammocks
而不幸运的人不得不睡在柜子上,
and the unfortunate ones
had to lie on the lockers,
而这非常的不舒服
and it was very discomforting.
你会碰到值夜班的伙计,在(凌晨)四点下来,
You used to get chaps coming down
from the middle watch, four o'clock,
(他们)全身湿透,直接爬上一个柜子
wet through,
just clambering on a locker
而已经睡着的可怜伙计会被浸湿
and the poor chap who's already trying
to get some sleep would get soaked.
那儿没有什么个人卫生可言
There was no hygiene there.
如果你不留神的话,大约一个星期后
我们就真的开始有异味了
We really started smelling after
about a week if you didn't watch it.
我们有一种感觉
那就是这是一个非做不可的工作
We had a feeling
that it was a necessary job.
我不能肯定我们都意识到了
这(工作)有那么重要
l'm not sure we realised
that it was all that important.
对我们来说这是一个非常无聊的工作
To us it was a very boring job.
我们都在寻找可能出现的任何东西(潜艇)
而天气非常地寒冷
We were on lookout for anything that
might come up and it was bitterly cold.
这是一个敞开的舰桥,
对任何天气都是开放的,
lt was an open bridge,
open to all weathers,
我们更多地,说真的,是在试图保暖,
and we were more, really,
trying to keep warm,
试图挡住寒冷,试图能保持干燥,
trying to keep the cold out,
trying to keep dry,
而不是意识到我们正在做一项重要的工作
rather than realise
that we were doing an important job.
但他们是在做一项重要的工作
But they were
doing an important job.
他们运来了货物,没了这些货物
英国就不可能继续运转
They brought the cargoes, without which
Britain could not have kept going.
然后你在船舱里坐下那时你真的会想:
Then you sit down in the cabin.
That's when you really think:
"我们在公海上,我们随时都会碰上
一个(U型潜艇)狼群"
"We're in the open sea,
we can catch a pack at any moment."
有许多次我们看见水中有小小的亮光
(Butler) There's many times
we saw little lights in the water
我们猜想这些是幸存者,
但我们不能停下并把他们捞起来
and we assumed these were survivors,
but we couldn't stop and pick them up.
海员们在他们工作时间里挣的工资
一般同(军工厂里)弹♥药♥工人(的工资 )差不多,
The normal comparison that seamen made with their wage for
the hours that they worked was with the ammunition workers,
(而弹♥药♥工人)能挣一大笔钱,
who were making
a fabulous amount of money,
但他们的风险比我们留在家里
的家庭主妇高不了多少
with no more risks
than our housewives left at home.
每三个人里我们就要损失一个,而没有他们
(Eyton-Jones) We lost one out of every
three men, and without them
这个国家最多只可能挺三或四个月
this nation wouldn't have survived
more than three or four months.
但是德国人仍然在庆祝
But the Germans were still celebrating.
在1941年上半年他们击沉了
大约三百万吨♥的船只
In the first half of 1941 they sank
nearly three million tons of shipping.
船只比货物更加难以替换
Ships were harder to replace than cargo.
如果它们被击沉的速度比它们被建造
出来的速度快,英国就会挨饿
If they could be sunk faster than they
could be built, Britain would starve.
但在战争爆发时规模还极小的加拿大海军,
现在正扩大到原来规模的50倍
But now the Canadian navy,tiny at the outbreak of war,
was expanding to 50 times its original size.
它将承担北大西洋上大约一半的船队护航任务
It would take on nearly half the burden
of convoy escort in the north Atlantic.
越来越多的护航船队正离开加拿大,
More and more convoys
were leaving Canada,
甲板上装满了坦克,货仓里装满了补给品,