二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E06

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

被别人,正是朱可夫将军
this time by none other
than General Zhukov.
这使他们谨防与苏联再次发生冲突
lt made them wary of further conflicts
with the Soviet Union.
但这也把他们向德国和意大利推近
But it also pushed them
closer to Germany and ltaly.
- 板哉(万岁)!
- (全体叫喊)
- Banzai!
- (all yell)
对于其他西方人来说
生活在日本变得很难
Living in Japan became difficult
for other Westerners.
你不断地处于警♥察♥的监视之下
You were constantly under
the supervision of police.
作为一个欧洲人,
你总是被怀疑是个间谍
You were always, as a European,
suspected of being a spy.
在火车站,你经常能看到画着一个戴歇洛克·福尔摩斯
帽子,拿着卷曲烟斗的人,并写有"小心间谍"字样的海报
In the railway stations,you'd often see posters
of a man with a Sherlock Holmes cap and a curly
pipe, which said, "Beware of spies".
你会看到控制言论和思想的
思想警♥察♥及宪兵队的强化了的活动
You had the intensified activities of the thought police
and the Kempeitai,who controlled speech and thought.
然后你会看到一种被称为
"国民服"的国家制♥服♥的推行
Then you had the introduction of
a national uniform called Kokomin-fuku.
在离开学校(毕业)后,
人们应该穿这些(国民服)去上班
After leaving school, people were
supposed to wear these to go to work.
它们是卡其布做的
And they were khaki
而且它们类似于军人穿的制♥服♥
and they were similar
to the uniforms worn by the servicemen.
然后是电影和戏剧
And then the cinema and plays,
这些(艺术)的性质变得更尚武,更加赞颂战争,
the complexion of these became more
martial and more a glorification of war,
电台会播放越来越多
带有军事色彩的歌♥曲
and the radio would play more
and more music of a military nature.
然后在政♥治♥领域,你有
"大政翼赞会",即一♥党♥系统
Then on the political field you had the
Taisai Yokusankai, the one-party system
这使军方巩固他们对国家的影响变得更容易
that made it easy for the military to
consolidate their influence over the country.
经常会看到或听到士兵们被隆重地派往中国前线
There was constantly the sight and sounds of soldiers
being sent off ceremoniously to the front in China.
他们总是被教导
(Bush) They were always taught that
能够发生在任何家庭
身上的最伟大的事情
the greatest thing
that could happen to any family
就是能送一个儿子或两个儿子
或三个儿子或七个儿子
was to be able to give a son or two sons
or three sons or seven sons
去(参军)为国家效力
to the service of their country
并为天♥皇♥和皇室而死
and to die for the emperor
and the imperial family.
你会看到所谓的骨灰盒,士兵的残骸,
(Mutsu) You had the so-called
ash boxes, remains of soldiers,
回到日本,所以我们知道我们在打仗
coming back to Japan,
so we knew we were at war.
1930年代西方的影响在日本有所增长,
Western influences
had grown in Japan in the '30s,
这是军方不喜欢的,
而且现在对此进行阻碍
which the military disliked
and now discouraged.
我记得我的前妻...
这一定是1938年左右...
(Bush) I remember my former wife...
it must have been about 1938...
她在一家美发店烫了头发
然后从那里出来
coming from a hairdressers'
where she had her hair waved
被一个警♥察♥拦住,
and being stopped by a policeman,
他告诉她这(烫发)是
西方堕落的一种标志...
who told her that this was
a sign of Western decadence...
你不应该把头发烫了
you shouldn't have your hair waved.
跳舞,甚至西方音乐...
Dancing, even Western music...
除了古典音乐,它大多数都是德国人
(作曲的),象贝多芬,诸如此类...
except classical music, which was mostly
German, Beethoven, sort of thing...
都不被允许
was frowned upon.
舞厅被关闭了而任何一种从西方引入的消遣,
Dancehalls were closed down and any kind
of pleasure introduced from the West,
军方都会尽其所能来禁止它
并将其全部抹去
the military did their best to
prohibit it and rub it out altogether.
当我在40年代初离开日本时,
还有定量配给,物价很高,
(Bush) When I left Japan, early '40,
there was rationing, prices were high,
高中,大学的学生,
students of high schools, universities,
事实上每天都进行军事训练,
were doing military training
practically every day,
你会看到军队的军官会被派驻到
每个学校监督这样的训练
you had army officers attached to
every school to supervise such training.
所以这是个准备进行战争的国家
And so it was a nation
preparing for war.
侵华战争拖入了1940年,
The China war dragged on into 1940,
尽管日本的将军们现在正寻找
一些办法不太丢脸地结束它
though the Japanese generals were now looking for
some way to end it without too much loss of face.
但是希♥特♥勒♥在1940年5月迅速取得的
对荷兰和法国战争的胜利,
But Hitler's swift victories over
Holland and France in May, 1940,
以及英国似乎即将发生的失败,
and the seemingly imminent
defeat of Britain
使日本的将军们贪婪地想要得到更多
made the Japanese generals
greedy for more.
总的来说,日本民众对德国的胜利非常兴高采烈
Generally speaking, the Japanese public
was very, very elated by the German success.
那时候的口号♥是"别错过公共汽车"
The catchword in those days
was "Don't miss the bus".
在法国沦陷后的三个月内,
Within three months of France's fall,
维希傀儡政♥府♥被劝服
the puppet Vichy government
had been persuaded
允许日本军队进入法属印度支那,
to allow Japanese troops
to enter French lndochina,
不祥地靠近当时仍是美国附庸国的菲律宾
ominously close to the Philippines,
then an American dependency.
美国作出剧烈反应对出口到日本
的铁矿石和航♥空♥燃料进行禁运
America reacted sharply by embargoing supplies
to Japan of iron ore and aviation fuel.
禁运把日本进一步推向轴心国
The embargo pushed Japan
still closer to the Axis.
1940年9月在柏林,
ln Berlin in September, 1940,
德国,意大利和日本签署了三国同盟公约
Germany, Italy and Japan
concluded the Tripartite Pact.
地球两端的两场战争现在被联♥系♥起来,
The two wars at opposite ends
of the globe were now linked,
尽管还没有汇合到一起
though not yet joined.
日本亲德的外♥交♥部♥长松岡洋右,
Japan's pro-German foreign minister
Yosuke Matsuoka
在对希♥特♥勒♥进行友好访问后,
继而于1941年4月访问莫斯科,
followed up his goodwill trip to Hitler
with a visit in April, 1941, to Moscow,
在那里他和斯大林签订了一份中立条约
where he signed a neutrality
treaty with Stalin.
苏联已经对日本安全造成威胁,
The Soviet Union had already
posed a threat to Japanese security,
所以(日本)陆军渴望与苏联摊牌
and so the army was itching
for a showdown with the Soviet Union.
另一方面, 海军想要向南进军
The navy, on the other hand,
wanted to advance southward
因为我们国家缺乏的资源
大部分都在南海
because the resources our country lacked
were largely in the South Seas.
所以日本,可以说,被陆军的野心
和海军的意向撕成两半
And so Japan was, so to speak, pulled apart
between the army ambition and naval design.
但当向北干涉的时机已过,
But when the time for intervention
against the north passed,
陆军自然就加入了海军
the army naturally joined with the navy.
日本有太平洋地区最强大的海军,
Japan had the strongest
navy in the Pacific,
但是当她在1941年夏天占领了
法属印度支那的剩余地区时,
but when she occupied the rest of
French lndochina in the summer of 1941,
美国对其禁运石油,
the United States embargoed oil,
这使日本海军严重短缺(石油)
which left the Japanese navy
critically short of it.
日本要么让步并遭受丢脸(的耻辱),
Japan could either climb down
and suffer loss of face,
要么南进夺取这些,荷属东印度群岛的油井
or else move south to seize these,
the oil wells of the Dutch East Indies.
针对这样一个行动的认真计划立刻开始
Indeed,serious planning for such a move
began straight away.
(军方)开始着手特殊丛林训练和两栖登陆演习
Special jungle training and amphibious
landing exercises were put in hand.
陆军领导人争辩称
Army leaders argued that
除非对荷属东印度群岛的入侵
在1941年底前开始,
unless an invasion of the Dutch East
lndies began before the end of 1941,
否则石油的短缺将永远
排除(入侵)的可能性
a shortage of oil
would rule it out forever.
即便如此,一些日本政客仍未放弃
通过外交手段取得日本的目标的希望
Even so, some Japanese politicians still hadn't given up
hope of achieving Japan's aims by diplomatic means.