二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E12

Part 5 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

And these navigators were able to get much closer
to an aiming point than we had previously.
(哈米什·马哈迪皇家空军探路机中队)
然后我们撒下大量照明弹,数以百计的照明弹
Then we laid great lanes of flares,
hundreds of flares.
即使我们错过了瞄准点,
Even if we missed the aiming point,
我们也能认出地面上一些非常明确的特征,
we would identify some
very positive feature on the ground,
象一座湖或河上的一个弯曲
like a lake or a bend in the river.
而从那里,我们就能慢慢靠近目标
And from there,
we could then creep on to the target
并放下照明弹,不同颜色的照明弹
and put flares down,
different coloured flares.
再后来,我们有了目标指示弹
And then later on,
we got target indicators.
而这些是...就想象一下一大串白炽的葡萄
And these were... Just imagine
a great bunch of incandescent grapes
从2,000, 4,000(英尺) 无论
我们想引燃它们的高度落下
falling from 2,000, 4,000, wherever
we wanted them to detonate from.
1943年7月底,
At the end of July 1943,
哈里斯部署了他改进过的科技
结果在汉堡取得毁灭性的效果
Harris deployed his improving technology
with devastating effect on Hamburg.
第一次汉堡空袭如此有效
是由于我们终于获得允许
(Harris) The effectiveness of the first Hamburg
raid was due to us at last getting permission
使用我们在包里放了很长时间的一件东西,
to use something we'd had
in the bag for a long time,
它被称为"窗户",
which was known as "window",
也就是撒下一团团铝纸箔,
which was the dropping
of clouds of aluminium paper strips,
它不仅完全扰乱了德国人的定位仪器,
which completely upset
not only the German location apparatus,
而且还使它们的高炮瞄准装置无法使用
but also their gun-aiming apparatus.
我们中没有人,无论是平民还是消防员,
None of us,neither civilians nor firemen,
知道这个晚上发生了什么
knew what happened on this night.
这是一次非常猛烈的空袭,
lt was a very heavy raid,
(汉斯·布伦斯威格汉堡消防官员)
但我们在一年前有过一次几乎一样的空袭
but we had almost the same one year before.
我们没有为在空袭后半个小时
爆发的火风暴做好准备
We were not prepared for the fire storm
which broke out half an hour after the raid.
轰炸的效果,和一股夏天的热浪汇合起来,
The effect of the bombing,
combined with a summer heat wave,
将引起一场人造的火焰旋风
was to create
a man-made tornado of flame.
一场火风暴
A fire storm.
这整个地区都有水道穿过...
Und diese ganze Gegend
wurde von Kanälen...
我去了靠近码头的这个地区
I went to this area near the docks.
(本·威特汉堡记者)
它被许多水道穿过
lt was crossed by canals.
人们试图从火焰中跳入其中，
People tried to leap down into them
out of the flames,
但水也着了火
but the water was on fire.
很难解释为什么水也在燃烧
lt's difficult to explain
why the water was burning.
有许多船,小船,停泊在水道中
There were many ships, small ships,
moored in the canals.
它们已经爆♥炸♥了,而燃烧
的汽油已经被释放到水中
They had exploded, and burning oil
had been released onto the water.
而人们,他们自己就已着了火,跳了进去
And the people, who were themselves
on fire, jumped into it.
他们燃烧,游泳,燃烧,沉没
And they burnt, swam,
burnt and went under.
大多数人被狂暴的高温杀死,
Most people were killed by the fierce heat,
不是烧死或窒息而死或被一氧化碳毒死
not burnt or suffocated
or poisoned by carbon monoxide.
我们认为在一些地方,
We think that in some places,
温度达到了1,000摄氏度
the temperature reached 1,000 degrees centigrade.
英国人的夜间空袭和美国人
的日间空袭持续了几乎一周
The British night attacks and American
day raids lasted nearly a week.
30,000人死亡
30,000 died.
在汉堡,我们真的第一次发现
ln Hamburg, we really
found out the first time
德国人♥民♥的士气能被打击得如此厉害
that the morale of the German people
can be shattered so much
以至于工业的生产,军工产业的生产,会崩溃
that work for industry,the work in
the armaments industry, would collapse.
当时,斯佩尔说再来六次
这样的空袭将会结束战争
At the time, Speer said six more raids
like that would have finished the war.
盟军没有那种能力
The Allies did not have that capacity.
冲击过去了
The shock passed.
与此同时,(美国)第八航♥空♥队提高了
其针对精确目标的日间空袭的强度
At the same time, the Eighth Air Force had stepped up the
intensity of its daylight raids against precise targets.
下一个大队将从13,000英尺高度投弹
Next group will bomb
from an altitude of 13,000 feet.
我们感觉这种低高度(投弹的优势)
将被我们会遇到的惊骇元素所抵消
We feel that this low altitude will be equalised
by the element of surprise which is with us.
汉堡轰炸的两个星期后,他们计划
对德国工业进行一次他们的致命打击
Two weeks after Hamburg,they planned to deal
their knockout blow against German industry.
请打开灯
Lights, please.
这里的这组建筑是你们的目标
This group of buildings here
is your target.
这幢建筑将是瞄准点
This building will be the aiming point.
如果你们的炸♥弹♥散布面
集中在这个区域,
lf your bomb pattern
is concentrated in this area,
应该会非常有效地摧毁该工厂
it should very effectively
knock out the factory.
目标是位于施韦因富特的滚珠轴承工厂,
The target was the
ball-bearing factories at Schweinfurt,
其生产满足了德国的大部分需求
producing a major part
of Germany's needs.
攻击部队被一分为二
The attacking force
was to be split into two.
第一波将攻击一个次要目标,
The first wave would fight
to a secondary target,
位于雷根斯堡的梅塞施米特式战斗机制♥造♥厂
the Messerschmitt aircraft plant
at Regensburg.
然后它将不受阻碍的飞往北非
Then it would fly on unhindered
to North Africa.
第二波(轰炸机群),
距第一波后方10分钟(航程),
The second wave,
ten minutes behind the first,
接着会抵达施韦因富特,
would then arrive at Schweinfurt,
正当德国战斗机在地面加油时
whilst the German fighters
were on the ground refuelling.
他们的战斗将发生在返航途中
Their battle
would be during the trip home.
我们...我根本没有任何战斗护航就飞进去了,
We went in...I went in without
any fighter escort at all,
(柯蒂斯·李梅将军第三航♥空♥师(第一波)指挥官)
和当时我所在师的125架轰炸机一起
在没有战斗机护航的情况下飞越欧洲
and flew clear across Europe without fighter escort,with
about 125 aeroplanes that I had in the division at the time.
随着第一波轰炸机群越来越深入德国
惊讶的德国防空参谋部将其航道标绘出来
Astonished German air defence staff plotted the path of
the first wave as it flew further and further into Germany.
他们不知道计划正在出错
They could not tell
the plan was going wrong.
英国的天气扰乱了美国人的精心计划
British weather helped to upset
the Americans' careful plans.
未曾预料到的低云推迟了第二波
(轰炸机群)的起飞(四个小时)
Unexpected low cloud
delayed the takeoff of the second wave.
结果是:加满了油料和补充了弹♥药♥的德国空军,
The result: the Luftwaffe,
refuelled and re-armed,
正在等着他们
was waiting for them.
(沃纳·施罗尔德国日间战斗机领导人战绩为1♥1♥4♥架
160位双剑银橡叶骑士铁十字勋章获得者之一)
我们没有预料到会在没有战斗机护航
的情况下如此深入国境进行一次攻击
Well, we didn't expect an attack coming that
far into the country without fighter escort.
我们都非常惊讶
And we were all very astonished.
没有请求维克多
Null. Anfrage Viktor.
施韦因富特(的大胜)是
非常有利于德国战斗机的条件,
Schweinfurt was the result of very good
conditions in favour of German fighters,
以及我们能把我们所有的战斗机都投入
截击轰炸机群这么一个事实的结果
and the fact we could bring all our fighters
into operation to intercept the bomber stream.
(阿道夫·加兰德将军德国战斗机总监)
这些因素加在一起促成了我们的(胜利)结果
This altogether has favoured our results.
21架(B-17)飞行堡垒在首批炸♥弹♥
落在施韦因富特前就被击落了
21 Flying Fortresses were lost before
the first bomb fell on Schweinfurt.
随后到达的第一航♥空♥师(第二波),
遭受了更惨重的损失,
(Lemay) The first division,
coming in later, had heavier losses,
因为他们除了要飞进去还必须飞回去
because they had to go back out
in addition to coming in.
我想我们在那天结束后
损失了大约60架飞机,
l think we wound up the day
by losing about 60 aeroplanes,
那让任何人都高兴不起来
which didn't make anybody very happy.
我再次爬升并俯冲到底...
Ich kam dann noch mal hoch und bin