二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E10

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

only from our peacetime training.
而整个夜晚,我想,是一个胜利
And the whole night, I think,
was a success.
它被称作"长刀之夜"
It was called
the Night of the Long Knives
因为有那么多船被击沉
because so many ships were sunk.
在战争的头九个月里,
In the first nine months of the war,
英国和她的盟国损失了超过两百万吨♥的商船
Britain and her Allies lost over
2 million tons of merchant shipping.
在接下来六个月里,
随着U型潜艇从法国展开行动,
In the next six months,
with the U-boats operating from France,
又有大约两百五十万吨♥被击沉
nearly 2.5 million tons more went down.
颁发了很多勋章
There were medals galore.
U型潜艇船员称这段时间为"快乐的时光"
U-boat crews called this "the happy time".
我看到船一头翘起,船尾沉入水下
I saw the ship going up,
the stern going underwater.
她竖着向上,然后逆向(滑入海中)
She went right up on end,
then backwards.
我和她一起下沉
过了一会儿我来到海面,
And I went down with her.
After a bit I came to the surface,
而我仍坐在倾覆的舰桥救生艇上,
and I was still sitting
on the overturned bridge boat,
这时我看见潜艇浮出海面
when I saw the submarine surfacing.
他四处游走并开始从水里捞起箱子...
He went round and started picking up
cases out of the water...
(艾顿-琼斯商船"本·弗莱奇"号♥船长)
普通货物,可能是烈酒,食物和诸如此类的东西
general cargo, possibly spirits,
foodstuff and so forth.
他们看着我们,绕了一会圈子,
They looked at us,
circled round for a bit,
他们嘲笑了我们一番然后向东北驶去
they laughed at us
and went away to the northeast.
他们从没有问我们是否还有水,
我们是否受伤或者其他事情
They never asked if we had any water,
if we had any damages or anything else.
我们被留在一艘救生艇上在残骸之间漂流
And we were left floating
amongst wreckage in one boat.
我们位于巴西和北非之间的半途
We were halfway
between Brazil and North Africa.
我能想到的唯一事情
The only thing I could think about
就是试图登上最可能近的陆地,
was trying to get to the land
as near as possible,
因此我把航向定在尽量靠东北的方向
so I set the course
as near as I could to the northeast.
我们只有一条救生艇,
它的额定载客量是48人
All we had was the one lifeboat,
which was made for 48 people.
我们捞起了58人
We picked up 58.
真的没有足够空间让每个人坐下
There wasn't really room enough
for anybody to sit down.
这艘救生艇有段时间在导缆器
这里漏得非常厉害
The boat was leaking badly through
being on the chocks for some time.
为了把船里的积水舀出去,
你得让船员移来移去这十分麻烦,
You had quite a bit of trouble getting
the crew to move so you could bail,
你舀了差不多两天水
and you bailed for nearly two days
直到救生艇的木头开始膨胀
并封紧了(漏水处)
until the wood of the boat
started to swell and to tighten up.
那以后就没那么糟糕了
After that it wasn't so bad.
最糟糕的日子,当然,
The worst days, of course,
就是当没有风时
were when there was no wind.
船(因为无风)绝对地纹丝不动
Absolutely becalmed.
阳光非常炙热
The sun was terrific.
所以我们开始(每人每天)分配4盎司水...
So we started off
by giving 4oz of water...
早晨2盎司晚上2盎司...和一块饼干
2oz in the morning and 2oz at night...
and one biscuit.
船上有很多声音有中国人
There was a lot of noise in the boat.
There were Chinese.
我说,"哪来这么多吵闹声?"
I said, "What's all the bobbery?"
有许多闲聊声,你知道
Which is a lot of talky-talky,you know.
他说,"我想第一司炉工疯掉了"
He said, "I think number one
fireman go crazy."
所以最后他穿着一件救生衣
从船的一侧跳入海里
So he eventually jumped over the side
with a lifejacket on.
过了一小会我们又把他拉了回来
And after a wee while
we got him back again.
那天晚上晚些时候在黑暗中他又跳了
And later that night in the darkness
he jumped again.
我们没能把他找回来
因为鲨鱼吃了他
We didn't get him back
because the sharks got him.
在第13天的早晨...
On the morning of the 13th...
我坐在水桶上确保没人会偷喝水...
I'd sit on the water barrel
to make sure nobody helped themselves...
有人摇我并说,"嘿,船长,
我们看见了灯光,绿色的灯光"
and somebody shook me and said, "Hey,
Captain, we see lights, green lights."
"哦," 我说,"你在做梦,你在做梦"
"Oh," I said,
"you're dreaming, you're dreaming."
我环顾四周我看到一些绿色的灯光
And I looked round
and I saw some green lights.
对我来说它看上去就象
新布赖顿的码头我辨认不出它
It looked to me like New Brighton pier.
I couldn't make it out.
所以我说道,"好吧,点燃一枚照明弹"
So I said, "Well, burn a flare."
他们点燃了一枚照明弹吉米说,
"再点燃一枚照明弹"
They burned a flare. Jimmy said,
"Burn another flare."
他们又点燃了另一枚照明弹
They burned another flare.
过了一会儿我看到绿色的灯光
靠近了更加看得见一点
And after a bit I saw the green lights
getting closer. More visible.
然后过了一会儿
我看见在绿光上面有一个红光,
Then after a bit
l saw a red light above the green,
于是我这才明白这是艘医院船
and then it dawned on me
that it was a hospital ship.
U型潜艇在空中有眼线
The U-boats had eyes in the air.
福克-沃尔夫(Fw 200型)秃鹰式飞机(用于侦察,轰炸和运输)
能在海上飞行1,000英里来侦察护航船队
Focke-Wulf Condor aircraft could range
1,000 miles out to sea to scout for convoys.
当被用于轰炸船只,秃鹰式飞机
在两个月里炸沉了30艘船
When used to bomb shipping,
the Condors sank 30 ships in two months.
对英国来说幸运的是,
Luckily for Britain,
这种和U型潜艇的搭档从没有被适当利用
this partnership with the U-boat
was never properly exploited.
但邓尼茨却利用了德国海军情报部门
已破译了英国密♥码♥这个事实
But Doenitz did exploit the fact that German
naval intelligence had broken the British codes.
我们意识到不知什么原因情报是准确的
We were aware that the intelligence
for some reason was good,
(吉尔伯特·罗伯兹西部近海司令部参谋)
但我自己把这归于潜艇拥有的,U型潜艇
在他们艇上拥有的非常优秀的水下听音设备,
but I myself put this down to very superior
hydrophone equipment that the submarines had,
that the U-boats had in their boats,
很可能能捕捉到80或甚至100英里外
一个护航船队螺旋桨的声音
probably being able to pick up the noise of
a convoy's propellers up to 80 or even 100 miles.
但另外,
But in addition,
我知道他们会把他们的U型潜艇布置成一条横线,
放在护航船队预期路线上的正确角度
I know that they would place their U-boats in a line across,
at right angles to the expected line of the convoy.
而这条线,比方说,有5艘U型潜艇,
可能两端相距100英里
And this line for, say, five U-boats,
could be 100 miles from end to end.
所以用好的听音设备,
And so with good hydrophones,
一个护航船队位置的非常小的掩饰能被监听到
very little disguise of the position
of a convoy could be effected.
只有在战后我们才知道
他们破译了(我们的)密♥码♥
It was only after the war that we knew
that they were breaking the codes
他们知道得非常清楚
护航船队离开港口的时间
and that they knew very well the time
of leaving port that the convoys had
有多少护卫舰只以及每个船队里有多少商船
and how many escorts there were and
how many merchant ships in each convoy.
在水下搜寻U型潜艇的皇家海军
The Royal Navy,
searching for U-boats underwater,
将其信心寄托在"潜艇探测器"
(即主动声呐),一种回声探测仪器上
had pinned its faith on ASDIC,an echo-sounding device.
(Anti/Ailled Submarine Detection Investigation Committee)
但U型潜艇在海面上攻击护航船队
But U-boats were attacking convoys
on the surface.
(皇家)海军没为这种情况做好准备
The navy was not prepared for this.
护航船队的防御是不太令人向往的事情
Convoy defence is not very glamorous affair
而在两次大战之间,
我想比较自然地,
and between the wars,
I think rather naturally,
海军更倾向集中于更有吸引力的活动
the navy were inclined to concentrate
more on more glamorous activities
(彼得·格莱顿爵士海军中将护卫舰队司令)
比如大规模鱼雷攻击和诸如此类的事
like great mass torpedo attacks
and that sort of thing.
关于第一次世界大战的经验教训
的所有信息都是现成可用的
All the information about the lessons
of World War I were available.
对那些想要读它们的人来说,
所有的经验教训就在那儿