二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E19

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

罗马尼亚已投降,
Romania had capitulated,
保加利亚已被占领,
Bulgaria had been overrun,
希腊被切断,
Greece cut off,
还与南斯拉夫的铁托游击队取得了联♥系♥
and a link-up effected
with Tito's partisans in Yugoslavia.
这是一个(取得)巨大成功的故事,
一个在东线到处(取得)压倒性胜利的故事,
lt was a story of gigantic triumph,
of overwhelming success everywhere in the east,
储存在一个几乎被忘记的城市里,
save in one near-forgotten city,
在那里战争在五年前首先打响:
where the war had first begun
five years before:
波兰的首都,华沙
Poland's capital, Warsaw.
到1944年7月,红军占领了波兰的东半部,
By July 1944, the Red Army
occupied the eastern half of Poland,
也就是在1939年8月的希♥特♥勒♥-斯大林
条约中被划给他们的那一半
that half allocated to them in
the Hitler-Stalin pact of August 1939.
伦敦的波兰流亡政♥府♥在俄♥国♥人占领他们国家
的剩余部分前就焦急地坚决表明自己的权利
The exiled Polish government in London was anxious to assert
itself before the Russians overran the rest of their country.
否则,在他们的眼里,
Otherwise, in their eyes,
这将仅仅是占领者的一次替换
而不是真正的解放
it would merely be an exchange of
occupiers rather than true liberation.
当红军接近华沙,德国守备部队似乎准备撤离
As the Red Army approached Warsaw,
the German garrison seemed ready to leave.
在7月29日,一次俄♥国♥的广播
谈到了华沙即将发生的解放,
On July 29, a Russian broadcast
talked of Warsaw's impending liberation,
并敦促抵抗力量的战士们
起义反抗撤退的德国人
and urged the workers of the Resistance
to rise against the retreating Germans.
8月1日,华沙城里的波兰地下军起义了,
On August 1, the Polish underground
army inside Warsaw did rise,
尽管他们并不全都支持伦敦(流亡)政♥府♥
though they did not all support
the London government.
然而,那些支持(伦敦政♥府♥)的人的目标是一旦他们
取得(对华沙的)控制就让流亡政♥府♥飞回来
However, the aim of those who did was to fly in
the government-in-exile once they had control
并在俄♥国♥人到达前成立一个合法政♥权♥
and set up a legitimate regime
before the Russians arrived.
但这次起义正巧碰上俄♥国♥人的攻势耗尽了势头,
But the uprising coincided with the
Russian offensive running out of steam,
然而这却是一个正合斯大林之意的巧合
a coincidence that nevertheless
suited Stalin's book.
斯大林对(波兰)地下抵抗组织非常怀疑,
Stalin was very suspicious
of the underground,
但他甚至不尝试送进补给的举动是绝对残忍♥的
but it was utterly cruel that
he wouldn't even try to get supplies in.
他有好几个星期都拒绝让
我们的飞机飞进去空投补给
He refused to let our aeroplanes fly and
try to drop supplies for several weeks.
而那对我们所有人来说都是一件令人震惊的事
And that was a shock to all of us.
(艾弗瑞尔·哈里曼美国驻俄♥国♥大使 1943-46)
我想这件事对在我们所有人的脑海中留下
俄♥国♥人残酷无情(的印象)起了(很大的)作用
And I think it played a role in all of our minds
as to the heartlessness of the Russians.
我们有一个非常强大的地下组织,
We had a very strong
underground organisation,
有一个平民政♥府♥ 和所有的军事指挥(机构),
with a civilian government
and all the military commands,
而那是在德国占领的四年里被组织起来的,
and that was organised during
the four years of the German occupation,
而它(地下组织)就这么现身了
并发挥了其作用
and it just surfaced
and took its functions.
由"童子军"运营的邮政服务,
The postal service,
which was run by Scouts,
是在完全被敌人炮火切断联♥系♥的
华沙各区之间唯一的通信方式
was the only means of communications
between the various districts of Warsaw,
which were completely cut off by enemy fire.
要从一个区去另一个区的童子军,
The Scouts, to get from one district to another,
有时候不得不♥穿♥过下水道,
或冒着敌人的火力前进
had sometimes to go through sewers,
or under the enemy fire.
在起义刚开始的时候
At the very beginning of the uprising
我想我们只有(可以维持)
10或12天的弹♥药♥
we had ammunition for only,
l think, ten or twelve days.
然后我们就不得不依靠
从德国人那里夺取的弹♥药♥,
And then we had to rely on
the ammunition taken from the Germans,
另外在华沙还有武器弹♥药♥工厂在继续生产,
or there were factories of ammunition
and arms in Warsaw going on,
他们在生产他们自己的弹♥药♥
and they were producing
their own ammunition.
在波兰人的性格中有一些乐观的因素,
There is something in the Polish national
character,you know,which is optimistic,
我们不会那么轻易地放弃
and we do not give up so easily.
我愿意付出我一半的生命来
换取参加华沙起义的特权
l would have given half of my life for the privilege
of participating in the Warsaw insurrection.
(华沙起义期间)道德生活,智力生活,
感情生活都有极大的强化
There was a tremendous intensification of moral
life,intellectual life,emotional life,you know,
人们最好的一面凸显了出来
the best sides of people
coming to the foreground.
在整个华沙起义期间
我们有许多值得列举的感人事迹
We had lots of recitals
through all the Warsaw insurrection.
有人单枪匹马就去攻击坦克,
There were people who took single-handed
actions against the tanks,
有人用他们的血肉之躯
去堵敌人的机♥枪♥,诸如此类
people who threw themselves
at enemy machine guns, things like that.
有足够多的个人英雄主义(事迹)
There was plenty of individual heroism.
伦敦的波兰人几乎就要成功了
The London Poles
almost pulled it off.
到了(起义)第一周结束,
他们控制了华沙城的绝大部分,
By the end of the first week,
they controlled most of the city,
而(英国)皇家空军已准备
把波兰流亡政♥府♥空运回去
and the RAF was set to fly in
the Polish government-in-exile.
但是接下来意识到斯大林
将什么也不会做的希♥特♥勒♥
But then Hitler, realising
Stalin was going to do nothing,
命令党卫队镇♥压♥起义,
ordered the SS to crush the uprising,
而他们(党卫队)以极大的乐趣
和残忍♥无情进行了镇♥压♥
which they proceeded to do
with great relish and ruthlessness.
轰炸非常糟糕...事实上,没有中断过
The bombing was very bad...
without interruption, practically.
不仅有轰炸,我们还遭受了炮击
Not only bombing, we had artillery also.
我们会用报纸来遮盖我们的战死者
We would cover our dead with newspapers.
这总是葬礼前的第一件事,你瞧,
This was the first thing always,
you see, before the funeral,
为了不毁掉士气
in order not to spoil the morale.
在起义的最后几天里,
During the last days of the uprising,
只剩下一个区没有被德国人占领
only one district was left
unoccupied by the Germans.
(里面)有三千到四千,或许五千人
There were three to four,
perhaps 5,000 people.
有时候有30或40个人睡在一个房♥间里
There were sometimes 30 or 40 people
sleeping in one room.
现在,德国人用他们的俯冲轰炸机轰炸我们
Now, the Germans were bombarding us
with their dive bombers.
我们的食物越来越少,你知道
We had less and less food,you know.
我们有一些淀粉,我们没有面包,
We had some starches,
we didn't have bread,
我们有意大利面条,那种东西
we had spaghetti, things of that sort.
而到最后,你知道,我们会杀马,并吃马肉
And at the end, you know, we would
kill horses, and eat horse meat.
狗也被吃了
And dogs were eaten also.
在伦敦的波兰人在绝望中变得更加狂乱,
The London Poles became ever more
frantic in their hopelessness,
并为他们的困境而责备英国人
and blamed the British for their plight.
但是只要斯大林拒绝让皇家空军在苏联控制
的领土上加油他们就不能运进去很多补给
But the RAF couldn't fly in much supplies
as long as Stalin refused to let them
refuel in Soviet-held territory.
到他(斯大林)被劝服愿意发慈悲的时候,
华沙还剩下如此小的地方(还在起义军手中)
By the time he'd been persuaded
to relent, so little was left of Warsaw
以至于(空投的)补给多半落入德国人的手中
that the supplies dropped fell
more often than not into German hands.
我们感到极度失望整个世界都忘记了我们
We were terribly disappointed.
The whole world forgot about us.
我感觉波兰被同盟国出♥卖♥♥♥了,你明白?
I feel that Poland was
betrayed by Allies, you see?
这就是(起义的)终结我们感觉
我们绝对没有希望了,
It was the end. We felt there
was absolutely no hope for us,
我们不会从俄♥国♥人那里得到任何帮助
that we wouldn't get any help
from the Russians.
德国人被派来彻底地消灭我们,
The Germans were set on
absolutely annihilating us,
所以当我在战火下行走时我也不费心
去低下头,弯下身了,多少有点那样
and therefore I didn't bother to duck when
I was going under the fire,anything like that.
我只是有种(反正)我迟早会死...
(不如死得)越快越好的感觉
l just had the feeling that I should die
sooner or later... sooner, better.
德国人甚至带来了他们最大的攻城炮,
The Germans even brought
their biggest siege guns,
绰号♥"雷神托尔"的令人畏惧的