二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E01

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:32 a.m.

1944年的一个夏日,沿着这条路,
Down this road on a summer day in 1944,
开来一队士兵.
the soldiers came.
如今这里无人居住.
Nobody lives here now.
他们只停留了几个小时.
They stayed only a few hours.
当他们离开时,
When they had gone,
一个曾存在了一千年的社区,死了.
a community, which had lived
for a thousand years, was dead.
这就是法国小镇Oradour-sur-Glane.
This is Oradour-sur-Glane in France.
士兵们来的那天,居民们被聚集到一起.
The day the soldiers came
the people were gathered together.
男人们被带到车♥库♥和谷仓,
The men were taken
to garages and barns,
女人和孩子们被带着,顺着这条路,
the women and children
were led down this road,
然后被赶进这个教堂.
and they were driven into this church.
在这里,他们听到他们的亲人被射杀的枪声.
Here, they heard the firing
as their men were shot.
接着他们也被杀害.
Then they were killed, too.
几周后,许多犯下这起暴行的士兵
A few weeks later
many of those who had done the killing
自己也死于战斗.
were themselves dead in battle.
他们从未重建Oradour.
它的废墟是一座纪念碑.
They never rebuilt Oradour.
lts ruins are a memorial.
它的殉难代表着数以千计
发生在其他地方的殉难,
lts martyrdom stands for thousand
upon thousand of other martyrdoms
在波兰,在俄♥国♥,
in Poland, in Russia,
在缅♥甸♥,在中国,
in Burma, in China,
在一个战火中的世界.
in a world at war.
(♪ military march)
(♪ military march)
德国, 1933.
Germany, 1933.
一股巨大的,盲目的激♥情♥充斥于街头.
A huge, blind excitement
fills the streets.
国家社♥会♥主♥义♥者
The National Socialists
have come to power
在一片被失业所折磨,
in a land tortured by unemployment,
因失去领土而痛苦,并因政♥治♥上的孱弱而士气低落
的土地上取得了政♥权♥.
embittered by loss of territory,
demoralised by political weakness.
或许这将是新的开始.
Perhaps this will be the new beginning.
绝大多数人认为纳粹党人这里有些荒谬,
Most people think the Nazis
a little absurd here,
那里又太过强迫.
too obsessive there.
但或许现在不再是思考的时侯了.
But perhaps the time
for thinking is over.
阿道夫·希♥特♥勒♥没有篡夺权力.
Adolf Hitler did not seize power.
他是正当他的选举力量在下降时
被赋予这项权力的.
He was offered it just
as his voting strength was declining.
使希♥特♥勒♥当上总理的政客争辩道,
The politicians
who made Hitler chancellor argued,
"我们是在雇他. "
"We are hiring him. "
他们的傀儡是老朽的总统冯·兴登堡.
Their figurehead was
the ancient President von Hindenburg.
共♥产♥党人和社♥会♥主♥义♥者
试图轻松面对希♥特♥勒♥掌权的事实
Communists and Socialists
tried to take Hitler coolly.
"这不会持久," 他们说.
"This wouldn't last," they said.
保守的反纳粹分子从这个事实
来获得安慰,
Conservative anti-Nazis
took comfort from the fact
那就是他们年迈的战争领袖兴登堡,
当时仍然是国家元首,
that their old war leader Hindenburg,
still head of state,
据知十分鄙视这个粗俗的小下士.
was known to despise
the vulgar little corporal.
(speaking German)
那么, 准备好了吗?
So, fertig?
Na, jetzt wird es fertig sein.
(全体呼喊"万岁!")
(all shout out "Heil!")
在虚假的肃穆气氛下,
希♥特♥勒♥和他的部下
With mock solemnity,
Hitler and his lieutenants
走向国会的开幕仪式.
walked to the ceremonial opening
of parliament.
纳粹党的力量是通过革命的暴♥力♥壮大起来的.
The party's strength had been built up
by revolutionary violence.
他们从没想到过他们能合法地取得政♥权♥.
They had never imagined that
they could take office legally.
当老旧的国会大厦神秘地被火烧毁,
When the old Reichstag building
was mysteriously gutted by fire,
希♥特♥勒♥抓住这个机会停止了一切公民自♥由♥.
Hitler seized his chance
to suspend all civil liberties.
他的追随者几乎无法相信他们的运气.
His followers could hardly believe
their luck.
老迈的兴登堡,明显的政♥治♥连续的符号♥,
主持了会议,
The old Hindenburg, the symbol
of apparent continuity, presided
当他们通过冒似合法的法案获取权力.
as they turned office into power
by acts of sham legality.
三月,当国会选举通过
In March, when the Reichstag voted
允许希♥特♥勒♥无须国会即可施政,
to allow Hitler
to govern without parliament,
兴登堡没有发表评论.
Hindenburg made no comment.
合法的总理不可抗拒地迈向
The legal chancellor
marched irresistibly
合法独♥裁♥者的角色.
into the role of the legal dictator.
希♥特♥勒♥宣告新德国的诞生,
Hitler proclaimed the new Germany,
并意图使之延续千年.
and meant it to last a thousand years.
新德国开始圈起它的敌人...
The new Germany began to
round up its enemies ...
共♥产♥党人,社♥会♥主♥义♥者,不顺从的记者,
甚至是国会代表.
Communists, Socialists, impertinent
journalists, even Reichstag deputies.
开始工作.
Antreten zum Arbeiten.
在柏林北面的Oranienburg集中营,
At Oranienburg concentration camp,
just north of Berlin,
条件一开始与其说是残酷,
不如说是简陋.
conditions were at first crude
rather than brutal.
此时,这些集中营由冲锋队,又称SA,负责掌管.
At this time the camps were run
by the Sturmabteilungen - the SA.
他们更多的是欺侮人,而非谋杀.
They bullied more than they murdered.
从掌权的第一刻起,希♥特♥勒♥就展开了
他曾保证的针对犹太人的迫♥害♥运动.
From the first moment, Hitler unleashed
his promised campaign against the Jews.
冲锋队组织了针对犹太人所开商店的抵♥制♥运动.
The SA organised boycotts
of Jewish-owned shops.
此举的真实意图是鼓励德国人♥民♥
The real point
was to encourage the German people
将思考并实践反闪米特人主义
(闪米特人即阿♥拉♥伯人和犹太人)视为当然之举.
to think and act anti-Semitic
as a matter of course.
外部世界被此举所惊骇,
The outside world was horrified,
但也有那么些人,
包括许多德国犹太人,
but there were those,
including many German Jews,
认为反犹运动是纳粹极端份子所为...
who thought the anti-Jewish campaign
the work of Nazi extremists...
而在希♥特♥勒♥在感到更安全的时候
他会将此运动停下来.
something Herr Hitler would put
a stop to when he felt more secure.
还将有一场文化革命.
There was to be
a cultural revolution, too.
犹太-布尔什维克的污点将被
从德国文化中清除掉.
German culture would be purged
of the Jewish-Bolshevist taint.
(♪ singing in German)
书本被扔进火中.
Books flew into the fire.
许多把书扔入火中的人是学生和老师
Many of those who flung them
were students and teachers.
随着火焰升腾，知识分子纷纷逃亡...
And, as the sparks rose,
the intellectuals fled...
作家和科学家...
writers and scientists...
把他们的才智献给了西欧和美国.
to give their talents
to Western Europe and America.
100年前，德籍犹太诗人海南
A hundred years before
the German-Jewish poet, Heine,
他的书现在也被扔进火中,
曾警告说:
whose books now went into the fire,
had warned:
"哪里焚烧书本，哪里最终会焚烧人♥民♥."
"Where one burns books,
there one eventually burns people."
(peal of church bells)
一些希♥特♥勒♥最忠实的追随者
发现了表现忠诚的新方法...
Some of Hitler's most earnest followers
found new ways to show loyalty...
他们在纳粹仪式下又重新举♥行♥婚礼
they married or got married
all over again under a Nazi ritual.
纳粹在失业者中得到大量的支持,
The Nazis had mass support
among the unemployed,
但是在有组织的工人中就少一些.
but less among the organised workers.
党中的左翼
The left wing of the party
想在工厂里发动工人运动,
wanted to start a workers' movement
inside the factories,
但是希♥特♥勒♥采用了一个更简单的办法.
but Hitler took a simpler course.
他给予了工会他们一直要求的五一劳动节假期.
He granted the unions the May Day