二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E07

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

to give Britain all aid short of war.
但他只能慢慢来,因为美国仍处于严重分♥裂♥中
But he could only move slowly,
for America was still deeply divided.
许多的战争措施,比如在英国仍孤身抵抗
并被围攻的时候给予英国援助的举措
Many of the war measures,such as steps to give aid to Britain
at the time when England was standing alone and was beleaguered,
在国会只是被勉强通过
just squeaked by in Congress.
甚至一个进行军事准备的军备项目,
Even a programme of armament,
of military preparedness,
在国会也是以非常非常接近的票数通过,
got through Congress
on very, very close votes,
在总共400票里仅以一票的优势(通过)
one-vote margins
in a total of 400 votes.
然后那个非凡的法案,租借法案,
(Harriman) Then the extraordinary
legislation, which is Lend-Lease,
在1940年12月被提出,
并在1941年3月成为法律,
was proposed in December of 1940
and that became law in March of '41,
在那(租借法案)之下总统尽其所能给英国援助
and under that the president did everything
he possibly could to give aid to Britain.
当我过来(英国)做他的代表时接到的指示
My instructions when I went
over to represent him
非常简单,非常简短
were very simple, very brief.
那就是与英国政♥府♥进行接触
They were to contact
the British government
以发现我们能做什么来帮助英国...除了战争
to find out what we could do
to help Britain... short of war.
我们立刻开始做各种在严格意义上并不算中立的事情...
And we began at once doing all sorts of things which
were not really neutral under the literal interpretation...
比如,我们在美国港口制♥造♥英国海军船只
for instance, we were preparing
British naval vessels in American ports
我们为(英国)船队穿越大西洋
提供护航一直远至冰岛,
and we escorted all the convoys
across the Atlantic as far as lceland,
我们(向英国)转移了两百万吨♥的船
and we transferred
two million tons of ships.
当下的问题是要让人们明白这是在干什么
The immediate problem was to get people
to understand what it was.
在这个问题上,我想罗斯福先生那个非常简单的
"在你邻居家着火时借给他一个消防水管"的类比
In this, I think Mr Roosevelt's very simple analogy of
lending your neighbour a fire hose when there's a fire
是一个最有说服力的那种简单例证
was a most persuasive kind
of simple illustration.
正在保卫他们自己的欧洲人♥民♥
(Roosevelt) The people of Europe
who are defending themselves
没有要求我们帮他们战斗
do not ask us to do their fighting.
他们向我们要的是战争工具...
They ask us for the implements of war...
飞机,坦克,枪炮,货船...
the planes, the tanks,
the guns, the freighters...
这些(战争工具)将能使他们为了
他们的自♥由♥和我们的安全而战斗
which will enable them to fight
for their liberty and our security.
我们必须成为伟大的民♥主♥兵工厂
We must be the great arsenal of democracy.
对我们来说,这是一件和战争
本身一样严重的紧急事件
For us, this is an emergency
as serious as war itself.
在那个时候,商界将罗斯福视为,
至少,也是魔鬼的一个主要副手,
In those days, the business community regarded Roosevelt
as, at a minimum, a major deputy of the devil,
而罗斯福也深深地怀疑商人,
and Roosevelt was deeply suspicious
of the businessmen,
所以与战争动员有关联的人
so the people who were associated
with the mobilising of the war
有着不同的利益
had a divided interest.
他们中的一些人感觉呆在华盛顿的主要目的
Some of them felt that their
main purpose in being in Washington
是为了抑制(罗斯福)新政
过度偏向社♥会♥主♥义♥
was to put a curb on the socialist
excesses of the New Deal.
还有一些人对呆在那儿感到不自在...
Some of them were uneasy about being there...
他们有种在妓院里演奏交响乐的人的感觉
they had something of the feeling of people
who were playing in an orchestra in a brothel.
还有一种很大的不情愿...
And there was also
a great unwillingness...
我们听说军事-工业综合企业...
We hear now about the
military-industrial complex...
那时候非常不情愿...
in those days
there was a great unwillingness
从民用工业转换(到军用工业)
to convert from civilian industry.
有一种感觉就是生产战争物资
会是一种非常不赚钱的生意,
There was a feeling that war production
would be a very unprofitable business,
这会失去汽车,轮胎,化学品
和诸如此类产品的市场
it would lose markets for automobiles,
for tyres, for chemicals, and so forth.
和一些工会还有问题直到1941年6月,
There was a problem with some of
the unions up until June of 1941.
直到俄♥国♥加入战争,
Until Russia was in the war,
而在莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫
(1938年互不侵犯)条约时期,
and in the days of the
Molotov-Ribbentrop pact,
一些工会领袖还有拖后腿的行为
there was foot-dragging on the part
of some of the union leaders.
当时有罢♥工♥
And there were strikes.
1941年参加罢♥工♥的工人是前一年的四倍
Four times as many workers were on strike
in 1941 as in the year before.
那个春天,差不多50万煤矿工人罢♥工♥了几乎一个月,
That spring, nearly half a million
coal miners struck for almost a month,
而那年夏天在西海岸北美航♥空♥公♥司♥
(P-51,B-25的制♥造♥商,后并入波音)的一次罢♥工♥
while on the west coast a walk-out
that summer at North American Aviation
把向英国交付飞机(的时间)延迟了几个星期
delayed deliveries of planes to Britain
for several weeks.
要靠动用军队才使生产再次继续
lt took troops
to get production moving again.
但尽管罗斯福仍对带领美国参战感到勉强,
But although Roosevelt was still
reluctant to lead America into war,
战争现在还是追上了美国
the war was now
catching up with America.
1941年6月11日:一艘美国货船,
"罗宾·摩尔"号♥,被一艘(德国)U型潜艇击沉
June 11th, 1941: an American freighter,
the Robin Moor, was sunk by a U-boat.
罗斯福利用这起事件为借口占领冰岛
Roosevelt used this as a pretext
for occupying lceland
并换了那里的英国守备部队的岗
and relieving the British garrisons there.
9月4日:一艘美国驱逐舰,"格里尔"号♥,
在冰岛附近被一艘U型潜艇攻击
September 4th: a US destroyer, Greer,
was attacked by a U-boat near lceland.
罗斯福现在告诉他的海军
看到(U型潜艇)格杀无论
Roosevelt now told his navy
to shoot on sight.
10月16日:美国驱逐舰"科尔尼"号♥在大西洋中部
为一个船队护航时被一枚德国鱼雷击中,
October 16th: the US destroyer Kearney was struck by
a German torpedo while escorting a convoy in mid-Atlantic
船上11名船员被杀
and 11 of her crew were killed.
罗斯福利用这起事件推动国会废除中立法案
Roosevelt used this incident to push through
Congress the repeal of the Neutrality Act.
我们已希望避免射击
We have wished to avoid shooting.
但射击已经开始了
But the shooting has started.
而历史已记录下谁开了第一枪
And history has recorded
who fired the first shot.
然而从长♥期♥来讲,
ln the long run, however,
最关键的还是谁开了最后一枪
all that will matter
is who fired the last shot.
废除我们的中立法案将是
通向战争之路的最后一步
The repeal of our Neutrality Act will be
the last step on the road to war.
如果我们把我们的船
装满违禁的战争物资
lf we load our ships
with contraband of war
并把它们送入战区,
and send them into combat zones,
他们肯定会被击沉
they will most certainly be sunk.
而那意味着战争...
一场在我们许多人看来,
And that means war... a war
which in the opinion of many of us,
尽管意图是为了拯救国外的民♥主♥,
although designed
to save democracy abroad,
却将肯定摧毁美国国内的民♥主♥的战争
will surely destroy it at home
right here in America.
10月30日美国驱逐舰"鲁宾·詹姆斯"号♥被击沉
On October 30
the US destroyer Reuben James was sunk
船上115人死亡
with the loss of 115 lives.
军官和前面的所有人都死了
Officers and all hands forward perished.
只有我本人和(另外)45个人活下来
Myself and 45 men
are all that are alive.
尽管受到非常想让美国参战的丘吉尔
的压力,罗斯福现在还是什么都没做
Despite pressure from Churchill,who dearly wanted
America in the war,Roosevelt now did nothing.
事情变得很明显,要让美国参战,所需要的(原因)
要远比100个左右的水手被淹死多得多
It was becoming clear it would take much more than the drowning
of 100 or so US seamen to bring America into the war.
甚至有这样一种看法...
我记得这是这么表达的...
There was even a sentiment...
I remember this being expressed...
大意是英国将战至最后一个美国人
to the effect that England
would fight to the last American.
事态正在发展...当然是逐步的...
There were steps that were developing...
gradual steps, to be sure...
多少可以和发生在第一次世界大战
时的事态(发展)相比较
somewhat comparable to the steps
that took place in World War l.
一起事件接着一起事件...记得用鱼雷击沉"萨塞克斯"号♥
(法国渡轮,1916年3月被击沉)让我们激动,
You know,one incident after another... remember
the torpedoing of the Sussex got us excited,
然后有"卢西塔尼亚"号♥事件...
(英国跨大西洋渡轮,1915年5月被击沉)