二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E15

Part 7 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

that someone's got to do the job,
所以我觉得我是为帮助(进行战争)
尽我的一份职责
so I think l'm doing my part in...
in helping.
我本来期望能参军的
l was expecting to go into the army.
(戴维·赫维森贝文男孩 1943-47)
当我在圣诞节听说我将被派去矿山工作时我当然感到非常震惊
Of course I was very shocked when I heard on the news on
Christmas Day that I was to be directed into the mines.
事实上,这是一次抽签,
lt was a ballot, actually,
他们抽出的数字以零或九结尾
and they drew out numbers
ending in nought or nine.
我的登记号♥码以零结尾,所以无法躲避开那个(工作)
My registration number ended in nought,
so there was no ducking away from that.
不管如何我都必须去矿井
l had to go in the mines
regardless of anything.
他的父母希望他能成为一个军官
His parents hoped
he'd be an army officer.
他们被大吃一惊
They were flabbergasted.
如果有人六个月前说,"你将去矿井",
lf somebody'd said six month sooner,
"You'll go into the mines",
我会以为他们在开玩笑
l'd have thought they were joking.
但没有采矿背景的17岁的
小伙子们不能解决问题
But lads of 17 without a mining
background couldn't solve the problem.
产出继续下降
Output went on falling and falling.
1944年,在约克郡和南威尔士,
And in 1944,
in Yorkshire and South Wales,
超过200,000名矿工在一次
非正式的罢♥工♥中拒绝工作
over 200,000 miners
came out on unofficial strike.
工人们已经在战争条件下
连续工作了差不多五年,
The men have worked continuously for a period
of nearly five years,under war conditions,
(亚瑟·宏纳全国矿工工会领导人)
怀有一种深深的怨恨感觉
suffering from a deep sense of grievance
(亚瑟·宏纳全国矿工工会领导人)
因为他们没有被国家给予与在政♥府♥
工厂里工作的前矿工们相同的报酬
because they have not been rewarded by the state equally
with ex-mine workers employed in government factories.
就和在矿山一样,在忙乱的泰恩塞德船厂,
ln bustling Tyneside
shipyards, as in mines,
那些记得大规模失业的工人害怕和平
men who remembered
mass unemployment feared the peace.
他们甚至在政♥府♥制♥作♥的纪录影片里
说出了他们的怀疑和希望
Their doubts and wishes spoke out even
in government-made documentary films.
泰恩塞德(船厂)今天是够繁忙的
Tyneside's busy enough today.
老家伙们和小伙子们正在
努力工作制♥造♥好船
Old 'uns and young 'uns
hard at work making good ships.
但只是回忆一下五年前船厂看起来是什么样子
But just remember what the yards
looked like five years ago.
闲散,空旷,他们中的一些人被抛弃了,
ldle, empty,some of them derelict,
而在他们之中工作的技巧
熟练的工人被驱散和遗忘
and the skilled men that worked in them
scattered and forgotten.
五年以后它是不是还会一样?
Will it be the same again
five years from now?
其他影片重复了同样的问题,
Other films echoed the same question,
就象这部由博尔廷兄弟导演,
由伯纳德·迈尔斯主演的早期影片
like this early effort by the Boulting
brothers, starring Bernard Miles.
我猜想希♥特♥勒♥最近让我们
很多人的想法改变了许多
l reckon Hitler's made a lot of us
change our minds a bit lately.
我们作了一次很好很大的战争努力,
We made a fine big war effort,
但当这一切都结束,我们还得
进行一次很好很大的和平努力
but when it's all over, we've
got to make a fine big peace effort.
没有第二条路可走我们已经开了头
现在我们不能走回去
There's no two ways about it.
We can't go back now we've made a start.
老天爷,看看那敦刻尔克
Cor, look at that Dunkirk.
那里没有失业的
Weren't no unemployed there.
每个人都有活要干而他也干了
Every man had a job to do
and he done it.
那就是我们我们得在和平时期
看到他们要有的东西...工作
That's what we've got to see
they have in peacetime... a job.
而当这全部结束时也会有足够的工作...
And there'll be work enough, too,
when this lot's over...
建造起一些全新的并要比
被摧毁的建筑要更好的楼
building up something new
and better than what's been destroyed.
一定不能再有闲逛着寻找
不会到来的工作的年轻人
There mustn't be no more chaps
hanging around for work what don't come.
也不再有贫民窟
No more slums, neither.
不再有肮脏,污秽的后街
No more dirty, filthy backstreets
不再有没有房♥间可供其玩耍的半饥的孩子
and no more half-starved kids
with no room to play in.
我们不能再回到老的生活方式中
至少,不是所有的
We can't go back to the old way
of living. Leastways, not all of it.
那(种生活)永远过去了
That's gone forever.
对此我们全都越快下定决心,就越好
And the sooner we all make up our minds
about that, the better.
我们都得齐心协力
We've gotta all pull together.
在战争期间有一种伟大的社区精神
There was a great community spirit
during the war.
这是在我的人生中见过的
最接近一种社♥会♥主♥义♥国家的运作的事,
lt is the nearest thing that l've seen, in my lifetime,
to the operation of a kind of socialist state,
(迈克尔·福特议员)
那是一种民♥主♥的社♥会♥主♥义♥公民♥国♥家
that is of a democratic
socialist state of citizens
相信他们能通过他们的行为能
迅速地影响将要被完成的事情,
believing they could influence by their actions,
speedily, what was going to be done,
而整个世界也可能被他们运作的方式所改变
and that the whole world could be
changed by the way they operated.
他们看到世界被他们在战争中的行为所改变
They saw that the world was changed
by their actions in the war
并认为那也可能被转换到政♥治♥活动中
and thought that could be translated
into political action as well.
那极其令人兴奋,但一些政♥治♥领导人,
lt was extremely exciting,
but some of the political leaders,
可能由于他们是如此深深地关注他们自己的工作,
maybe because they were so deeply
involved in their own pursuits,
没有觉察到什么正在发生
didn't appreciate what was happening.
因此,人♥民♥把更美好的和平生活的希望
寄托在威廉·贝弗里奇爵士身上,
And so,the people's hopes for a better peace
fixed themselves on Sir William Beveridge,
他被政♥府♥任命来制定(建设)一个福利国家的计划
who'd been commissioned by the government
to draw up plans for a welfare state.
当他的报告在1942年出版,成为一本畅销书
When his report was published in 1942,
it was a best seller.
该报告首先提议(设立)一个
包括一切的社会保险体系,
The report proposes, first,
an all-in scheme of social insurance,
为所有的公民和他们的家庭提供
保障所需的所有现金救济金,
providing for all citizens and their families
all the cash benefits needed for security,
作为通过一张保险印花税票支付的
每周一笔定期缴款的回报
in return for a single weekly
contribution by one insurance stamp.
它最大程度地保留了个人自♥由♥和责任
lt preserves the maximum of individual
freedom and responsibility
同时也与必需品(配给)的取消相一致
that is consistent
with the abolition of want.
政♥府♥一开始很热心,然后变得很冷淡,非常冷淡
The government first blew hot,
then cold, very cold.
丘吉尔没有行动
Churchill wouldn't act.
(巴特勒勋爵教育大臣)
丘吉尔对此非常忧虑他的两个大臣,
金斯利·伍德和安德森爵士,也同样持批评态度
Churchill got very worried and his two chancellors,
Sir Kingsley Wood and Anderson,were equally critical.
那就是为什么贝弗里奇计划
被推迟到我的议案之后(表决)
That's why the Beveridge plan
was delayed after my bill.
那就是为什么教育(法案)排在第一
That's why education came first.
对教育的一次主要改革会踩到较少人的大脚趾
A major reform of education
would tread on fewer big toes.
它还有其他作用
lt had other uses, too.
它不太有争议它非常长
(Butler) lt wasn't very controversial.
lt was very long.
丘吉尔意识到这是操练部队的一种绝妙方法,你明白?
Churchill realised here was a wonderful way
of exercising the troops, you see?
丘吉尔是,首先也是最主要的,一位战争领袖
Churchill was, first and foremost, a war leader.
他对重建一直踩着刹车
He kept the brakes on reconstruction.
丘吉尔对此没有太大兴趣
(Butler)Churchill didn't take
much interest with it.
他想知道我们是否将赞成国有化
He wanted to know whether we were
going to go in for nationalisation.
我们有一个由赫伯特·莫里森
提出的将电力产业国有化的提案,
We had a proposal by Herbert Morrison
to nationalise the electricity industry,
就在这问题上联合政♥府♥止步了
and that's where
the coalition government stopped.
我们无法在那提案上达成一致
We couldn't get agreement on that.
一个新的党派,共同财产党,
A new party, Common Wealth,
现在邀请了贝弗里奇,
赢得了两个递补选举
called for Beveridge now,
and won two by-elections.
其他独♥立♥候选人继续呼吁
Other independents took up the cry.
贝弗里奇的宣传车滚滚向前