二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E18

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

He saw this as the moment for the rebirth
of the Netherlands as a great power.
穆萨特将墨索里尼作为自己的楷模
Mussert moulded himself on Mussolini.
希♥特♥勒♥是被(上天)送来
拯救欧洲的弥赛亚(救世主)
Hitler was the Messiah
sent to save Europe.
我的国家的人♥民♥!
我们一直对我们自己保持忠诚
从1931年,...'33,...'35,...'37,一直到'39.
我们将保持这样下去!
我们将一直是我们自己!
用我们对人♥民♥和祖国的爱!
日耳曼之树有许多分支
我们可以是最强壮的而且...
...如果我们能显示我们来自一颗被需要的树木,
荷兰人♥民♥就能前进!
一架德国轰炸机低飞过敬礼的人群
A German bomber flew low
over the crowd in salute.
此时离德国空军在鹿特丹
散布火焰和死亡只有六个星期
lt was just six weeks since the Luftwaffe
had spread fire and death in Rotterdam.
你们感觉和德国处于交战状态吗?
是还是不?
不!
你们感觉是英国的一个盟友吗?
是还是不?
不!
但还有另外一个荷兰
But there was another Holland.
令人惊讶的是,在伯恩哈德王子的生日,
Astonishingly,on Prince Bernhard's birthday,
在法国陷落后仅仅一周后,数以千计的
普通荷兰人自发地表明了他们的反抗(态度)
only one week after France had fallen,thousands of ordinary
Dutchmen spontaneously demonstrated their defiance.
当人们唱着奥兰治国歌♥ 并把伯恩哈德最喜欢的花
白色康乃馨放在国家纪念碑上时士兵们敬了礼
Soldiers saluted as people sang the Orange
anthem and placed white carnations, Bernhard's
favourite flower, on national monuments.
一些人觉得没必要进行公开反抗
Some saw no point in open opposition.
一个经过德国人批准的新政♥治♥组织,荷兰联盟,
被成立起来以联合忠于占领当局的爱国者
A new German-approved political organisation,
the Netherlands Union, was formed to unite
patriots in loyalty to the occupying power.
在绝大多数其他政党被噤声的情况下,
With most other parties gagged,
它似乎是NSB以外的一个值得尊敬的选择
it seemed to be a respectable
alternative to the NSB.
荷兰人口的15%加入了(该组织)
15% of the population joined.
荷兰是个对宗教很虔诚的国家
Holland was a religious country.
尽管希♥特♥勒♥宣称他是基♥督♥教西方的拯救者,
Despite Hitler's claim to be
the saviour of the Christian West,
教会对纳粹主义很敌视
因为它将人置于上帝之上
the churches were hostile to Nazism
because it placed man above God.
在一些教堂,荷兰纳粹被禁止一起交流
In some churches,Dutch Nazis
were denied communion.
每个人都必须留下指纹,被拍照和登记
Everyone had to be fingerprinted
and photographed and registered.
荷兰政♥府♥已对公务员作出让他们留在岗位上的指示
The Dutch government had left instructions
for civil servants to stay at their posts
只要他们认为这符合人♥民♥的最大利益
as long as they thought it was
in the best interests of the people.
现在他们正系统性地向全体居民发放身份证
Now they were systematically issuing
identity cards to the entire population.
德国人提出了一张种族的调查问卷
The Germans introduced
a racial questionnaire.
在占领后没多久,
Very shortly after the occupation,
两个德国保安警♥察♥的人来找我问话
two men from the German security police
came to me and asked,
"在你的市里有犹太人吗?"
"Are there any Jews
in your municipality?"
我告诉他们在我的城市里的确没有犹太人
l told them it was true
there are no Jews in my municipality.
但那是我犯的第一个错误
But that was my first mistake.
因为回答了那个问题你就接受了种族歧视
Because by answering that question
you accept racial discrimination.
而你必须填一张表格
And you had to fill in a form.
其中有一段是你是否有任何犹太裔祖父母
One passage was if you had
any Jewish grandparents.
我没有,所以我就说没有
l had none, so l said no.
(R·M·范·德·维恩)
然后你就回了家没有意识到你已在帮助(纳粹)
把犹太人逼入困境并使他们容易受到伤害
Then you went home and didn't realise that you'd
helped in cornering the Jews and making them vulnerable
并使他们陷入这样一种境地
那就是他们后来会被运走并被毒死
and bringing them in a position where they
could later on be transported and gassed.
你没有意识到
You didn't realise.
在被迫更具有政♥治♥性的一年后,
After a year of being politicised
a little bit better,
你会对这样一个声明真正意味
着什么感到更加焦虑不安
you got more agitations on what
such a declaration really meant.
但第一印象是:
你的年龄,你的住址,
But the first impression is:
your age, your address,
有犹太血统的祖父母吗? 没有好吧
grandparents of Jewish origin? No. OK.
你瞧? 这是如此的... 这是一个过程.
You see? lt is so... lt was a process.
一步接一步这种纳粹主义渗透
的过程就在社会中慢慢进行着
Step by step the process of infiltration
of this Nazism in the society was there.
所有的犹太人都被开除公职
All Jews were dismissed
from public office.
德国人开始把犹太人与其他荷兰人隔离开
The Germans began to segregate
Jews from other Dutchmen.
他们被禁止进入咖啡馆和公园
They were banned from cafés and parks.
在阿姆斯特丹,穿黑衫的NSB党徒
冲入一个工人阶级的地区,
ln Amsterdam, black-shirted NSB men
marched into a working-class area,
把犹太人从酒吧里拉出来
并在街道上殴打他们
pulled Jews out of pubs
and beat them up in the streets.
犹太自卫团体进行了反击
Jewish self-defence groups fought back.
一个荷兰纳粹被杀,
一个盖世太保受伤
A Dutch Nazi was killed,
a Gestapo man injured.
作为报复,德国人在街上随意抓了
400个年轻的犹太人,痛殴他们,
As a reprisal, the Germans snatched 400 young
Jews at random off the street, beat them up,
并把他们送入已知是一个
死亡集中营的毛特豪森
and sent them off to Mauthausen,
already known to be a death camp.
一个共♥产♥党员清道夫,皮埃特·纳克,
遵照他的党的指示,
A Communist street cleaner, Piet Nak,
following his party's instructions,
站在大街上敦促阿姆斯特丹人进行抗♥议♥
stood up in the street and
urged Amsterdammers to protest.
驱使我个人(起来抗♥议♥)的,
但我想也是(驱使)其他人的,
What drove me personally,
but l think the other people too,
(那就是)我们充满了一种无法抗拒的仇恨
we were filled with an overwhelming hate.
我们从没有在阿姆斯特丹见过那样的事
We'd never seen anything like that
in Amsterdam.
许多人,就因为他们是犹太人,
Lots of people,just
because they were Jewish,
男人,女人和孩子...没有例外
men, women and children...
there were no exceptions.
他们就被逮捕和殴打
People just arrested and beaten up.
你瞧...恩,如果你看到有人
在水中(挣扎) 你会做什么?
You see... Well, what would you do
if you saw someone in the water?
你当然会跳进去把他救出来
Of course you'd dive in and get him out.
你不会问这水是干净还是肮脏
你充满了愤怒
You don't ask if the water's clean
or dirty. You are filled with anger.
我们除了罢♥工♥ 做不了什么
There was nothing we could do
but go on strike.
我不知道我们还能做什么
没有其他办法
l wouldn't have known what else
we could do. There was no other way.
(戈本·瓦格纳)
排成紧密长列的数千人在阿姆斯特丹的街头游♥行♥示♥威♥,
Thousands in a tightly packed column
marched through the streets in Amsterdam,
当德国人用坦克把他们包围起来
while the Germans circled
round them in tanks.
示♥威♥者当然没有武装,
Of course the demonstrators weren't armed,
但他们在游♥行♥和歌♥唱中找到了武器
yet they found a weapon
in marching and singing.
所以他们唱着国际歌♥沿着玫瑰运河行进
So they marched along the Rozengracht
singing the Internationale.
在罢♥工♥的第二天
The second day of the strike
我们在清洁部门举♥行♥了一次会议
we held a meeting
at the cleansing department.
那里的老板要我们在第二天下午开始工作,
The boss there wanted us to start work
in the afternoon of the second day,
但我们已决定我们第三天才会回去上班
but we had already decided
we would only go back on the third day.
标志着罢♥工♥开始的有轨电车,
(恢复运行)标志了它的结束
The trams,which had signalled the start
of the strike, signalled its end.
德国人已射杀了九个人
继续罢♥工♥将意味着一场屠♥杀♥
The Germans had shot down nine people.
To continue would mean a bloodbath.
工人,店主和商人进行了一场持续
48小时的独特罢♥工♥来保卫犹太人
For 48 hours, workmen,shopkeepers and businessmen
had staged a unique strike in defence of the Jews.
我的个人观点是,
My personal opinion is,
设身处地为阿姆斯特丹的犹太人想想
put yourself in the place
of the Jewish people of Amsterdam.
他们感觉他们被遗弃了,只剩下他们自己,
They felt they'd been deserted,
left on their own,
但因为这场罢♥工♥ 一定有许多犹太人,
but because of this strike
there must have been many Jews,
恩,你不能真的说有许多,
well, you can't really say many,