二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E09

Part 4 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

All the Sixth Army,
some of the Fourth Panzer Army,
罗马尼亚人,克罗地亚人,
甚至还有俄♥国♥志愿兵
Romanians, Croatians,
and even Russian volunteers.
战地指挥官,冯·保罗斯,请求允许突围
The commander on the spot, Von Paulus,
asked to be allowed to break out.
希♥特♥勒♥命令他留守原地
他将派部队(从外)突入
Hitler told him to stay put.
He would send troops to break in.
并且还送他一条欢乐的消息:
And he sent him a cheery message:
"我知道英勇的第六集团军和它的总司令,
"l know the brave Sixth Army
and its commander-in-chief,
我还知道它将尽到它的职责"
and l also know
that it will do its duty."
但第六军仍然必须吃饭
But the army still had to eat.
戈林,德国空军的总司令
Göring, the Luftwaffe's
commander-in-chief.
那年早些时候,他的飞机为被切断的
一个整军提供了60天的燃料,弹♥药♥和食物
Earlier that year, his planes had supplied a whole army
cut off for 60 days with fuel, ammunition and food.
现在他以为他们能够再来一次
Now he thought they could do it again.
假若天气很好假若距离也不太远,
Providing the weather was good and
providing the distances not too great,
他们一天能运进500吨♥物资
they could fly in 500 tons a day.
希♥特♥勒♥认为那就足够了,
Hitler thought that would do,
尽管他知道第六军说它需要至少800吨♥
though he knew the army said
it needed at least 800 tons.
俄♥国♥人正等着
The Russians were waiting.
轰炸机被用作运输机
Bombers were used as transports.
天气非常恶劣
The weather was vile.
空运只送入所需物资的十分之一,
The airlift brought in
only a tenth of what was needed,
尽管它有一次曾送过去一整机
的胡椒粉和12箱避孕用具
though it did once deliver a planeload of
ground pepper and 12 cases of contraceptives.
俄♥国♥人没有直接进攻
包围圈里的二十五万部队...
The Russians did not attack the 250,000
troops in the pocket directly...
他们还不够强
they were not yet strong enough.
相反,他们的军队向西推进,
而他们推进得越远,
lnstead, their armies drove westwards,
and the further they drove,
被围困在斯大林格勒的德国人和
他们可能的救兵之间的缺口就变得越大
the wider grew the gap between the Germans
besieged in Stalingrad and their would-be rescuers.
包围圈里的德国部队又冷又饿,但充满信心
German troops inside the pocket
were cold and hungry, but confident.
他们安顿下来,准备等他们
的救兵靠得足够近时就走
They settled down, ready to move
when their rescuers got close enough.
但他们(救兵)没有来
But they never came.
一路奋战前来解救斯大林格勒的德国人
The Germans fighting their way
to relieve Stalingrad
掉头回去解决一个危及
整个南方前线的新威胁
turned back to meet a new threat
to the entire southern front.
包围圈里的德国人只能靠他们自己了
The Germans in the pocket
were on their own.
俄♥国♥人占了上风
The Russians had the upper hand.
甚至他们医疗护理的质量也显示了这一点
Even the quality
of their medical care showed it.
德国人受了伤,除了极少数被空运回家的,
German wounded,except the few airlifted home,
全都死在了他们的战壕里
died in their dugouts.
斯大林格勒的俄♥国♥兵有着所有
俄♥国♥♥军♥队中最好的康复纪录
The Russians at Stalingrad had the best
recovery record of any Russian armies.
俄♥国♥人现在掌握了制空权
The Russians now had mastery of the air.
他们的轰炸机几乎没遭到反击
Their bombers were virtually unopposed.
希♥特♥勒♥念念不忘斯大林格勒
Hitler was obsessed by Stalingrad.
俄♥国♥人也一样
The Russians too.
他们本可以把德国人留在那里忍♥冻挨饿
They could have left the men there
to freeze and starve.
相反,他们在包围圈周围集结了七个集团军
lnstead, they massed seven armies
round the pocket.
在斯大林格勒城里,
战斗仍然以同样血腥的方式继续
ln Stalingrad itself,
fighting went on in the same bloody way.
在德国平安夜那天
On Christmas Eve in Germany
电台广播了这条来自斯大林格勒
的部队的现场信息：
the radio broadcast this live message
from the troops in Stalingrad:
注意我再次从斯大林格勒(跟你们)通话
Achtung.Ich rufe noch einmal Stalingrad.
这里是斯大林格勒
这里是伏尔加河前线
Hier ist Stalingrad.
Hier ist die Front an der Wolga.
但这是个伪造(的广播)
But it was a fake.
来自斯大林格勒的广播
一个星期前就停止了
Broadcasts from Stalingrad
had stopped a week before.
在圣诞节当天,莫斯科电台
向困在斯大林格勒的德国人广播:
On Christmas Day, Radio Moscow
broadcast to the Germans in Stalingrad:
"每七秒钟就有一个德国士兵死在俄♥国♥"
"Every seven seconds,
a German soldier dies in Russia."
"斯大林格勒是一个集体坟墓"
"Stalingrad is a mass grave."
滴答声和这些信息持续播放了一整天
The ticking and the message
went on all day.
德国人现在吃起了生的马肉
The Germans were now eating
raw horse flesh.
1月8日,俄♥国♥人开出了投降的条件...
On January 8,the Russians
offered surrender terms...
保暖,医疗护理,食物
warmth, medical care, food.
军官们甚至可以保留
他们的礼仪用短剑
Officers could even keep
their ceremonial daggers.
希♥特♥勒♥拒绝了.
Hitler refused.
"第六集团军每坚持一天",他说,
"Every day the Sixth Army holds out",he said,
"就对我们在前线其他地方的局势有所帮助"
"helps our situation
everywhere else on the front."
1月10日最后的俄♥国♥突击(开始了)
January 10.
The final Russian assault.
他们以为需要大约四天时间
They thought it would take
about four days.
但是两周后,他们仍然在战斗
But two weeks later,
they were still fighting.
24日冯·保罗斯报告希♥特♥勒♥:
On the 24th,
Von Paulus signalled Hitler:
"部队已弹尽粮绝"
"Troops without munitions or food."
"不再可能进行有效的指挥"
"Effective command no longer possible."
"崩溃不可避免"
"Collapse inevitable."
"为了拯救剩余部队的生命,
本军请求允许投降"
"Army requests permission to surrender
in order to save lives of remaining troops."
希♥特♥勒♥仍然禁止投降
Hitler still forbade surrender.
"第六集团军将在斯大林格勒
尽到其历史责任,直至最后一人"
"The Sixth Army will do its historic
duty at Stalingrad until the last man."
但是德国士兵和德国♥军♥官已经在投降了
But German soldiers and German officers
were already giving themselves up.
1月31日,希♥特♥勒♥任命冯·保罗斯为陆军元帅,
On January 31, Hitler made
Von Paulus a field marshal,
他知道从没有德国陆军元帅被生擒过
knowing no German field marshal
had ever been taken alive.
在他被提升的当天,冯·保罗斯投降了
The same day he was promoted,
Von Paulus surrendered.
他的俘虏者以前从没见过
这样高一个军衔的德国♥军♥官
His captors had never seen
such a senior German officer before.
负责接受投降的舒米洛夫将军
General Shumilov,
who took the surrender,
不太清楚该怎么做,
didn't quite know what to do,
于是他向保罗斯要他的身份的证明
so he asked Paulus
for proof of his identity.
然后问他要他是第六集团军指挥官的证明
Then for proof that he was
commander of the Sixth Army.
然后他是否真的是一个陆军元帅(的证明)
Then whether he really was
a field marshal.
他们交谈了一会,
冯·保罗斯高兴起来
They talked a while.
Von Paulus cheered up.
他甚至提议为红军干杯
He even proposed a toast
to the Red Army.
希♥特♥勒♥原本期望他...开枪自杀
Hitler had expected him...
to shoot himself.
这不是一次普通的战败
这是一场大灾难
lt was not an ordinary defeat.
lt was a catastrophe.
两个德国集团军...
Two German armies...
24位将军,两千名军官,九万名士兵...
24 generals, 2,000 officers,
90,000 soldiers...
做了俘虏
prisoners.
还有十五万阵亡
And 150,000 dead.
罗马尼亚人,意大利人和
匈牙利人的军队被摧毁
The Romanian, ltalian,
and Hungarian armies destroyed.
损失的物质足够装备整支德军的四分之一
Enough material lost to equip
a quarter of the whole German army.
这是两年前还无法想象会失败
的同一支第六集团军
This was the same Sixth Army which, two
years before,could not imagine defeat.