二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E13

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:34 a.m.

After 48 hours, the Germans
launched a furious counterattack.
滩头的局势变得如此危险,
The situation at the beachhead
became so precarious,
克拉克下令为可能的
重新登船(撤退)做计划
Clark ordered plans
for possible re-embarkation.
但在来自空中和海上的巨大火力支援下,
But with massive support from air and sea,
萨莱诺的入侵者设法坚持了下来
the Salerno invaders
just managed to hold on.
经过一周的凶猛战斗后,德国人撤退了
After a week of savage fighting,
the Germans withdrew.
需要所有空中力量的干预
才能在萨莱诺拯救我们
(Strong) It required the intervention of
all the air forces to save us at Salerno.
在艾森豪威尔将军的所有战役中,
Of all General Eisenhower's battles,
那是我认为我们最接近于战术失败的一次
that is the one where I think
we were nearest to a tactical defeat.
我心中从没有任何怀疑这是一次完全成功的行动
I've never had any doubts in my mind that
it was a completely successful operation.
(马克·克拉克将军美国第五军司令)
我们被命令去那里,
We were ordered to go in there,
我们被命令去抢下一个
桥头堡我们做到了
we were ordered to seize
a bridgehead. We did it.
我们被命令去占领那不勒斯港...
我们在三个星期后也做到了
We were ordered to capture the port of
Naples... we did that within three weeks.
到目前为止,一切都好
So far, so good.
至少一大部分的意大利南部落入盟军手中
At least a large part of southern ltaly
was in Allied hands.
那不勒斯极度短缺食物
Naples was desperately short of food.
有面包暴♥动♥
There were bread riots.
水很稀缺
Water was scarce.
有一场斑疹伤寒的流行病(爆发)
There was a typhus epidemic.
推进继续了,但就在前面
横亘着真正的德国抵抗的防线
The advance continued, but just ahead
lay the line of real German resistance.
盟军指挥官们曾希望希♥特♥勒♥能撤退到更北边
The Allied commanders had hoped
Hitler would withdraw further north.
相反,被他在萨莱诺几乎
就要取得的胜利大大鼓舞,
lnstead, greatly encouraged
by his near-victory at Salerno,
他已决定在罗马南面的山里战斗
he had decided to fight here,
in the mountains south of Rome.
象一张坏掉的里拉,墨索里尼又出现了
Like a bad lira,
Mussolini turned up again.
他被一支德国救援队从他的藏身地
提了出来并被带去见希♥特♥勒♥
He was hoisted from his hiding place
by a German rescue party and taken to Hitler.
元首对他的出现大吃一惊,
The Führer was aghast
at his appearance,
但认为他可能在鼓励由德国占领
的意大利的法♥西♥斯♥分子方面会有用
but thought he might come in useful to encourage
the Fascists in German-occupied ltaly.
在意大利的德国♥军♥队由(阿尔伯特·)凯塞林指挥
The German forces in ltaly
were led by Kesselring,
战争中最有能力的防御指挥官之一
one of the war's ablest
defensive commanders.
凯塞林有很多的路要走
Kesselring had a lot going for him.
绵延几乎整个意大利的山脊
The rocky spine which runs
almost the whole length of ltaly
意味着盟军必须沿着(山脊)
两边的海岸平原推进
meant the Allies had to advance along
the coastal plains on either side.
包抄德国人侧翼的唯一办法
就是通过两栖登陆
The only way to outflank the Germans
was by amphibious landings.
但到现在为止必要的登陆舰
都被指定用于诺曼底登陆
But by now the necessary landing craft
were earmarked for Normandy.
当他们向北去他们准备好的防御阵地时,
As they went north to their
prepared defensive positions,
凯塞林的部队摧毁了唯一的交通路线
Kesselring's men destroyed
the only lines of communication.
在城镇里,德国人埋下了诡雷
这是那不勒斯
ln the towns, the Germans
left booby traps. This was Naples.
他们(德国人)是训练有素的部队
他们是顽强的部队他们有出色的指挥官
They were well-trained troops. They were
tenacious troops, they were well led.
我想表明的一点是他们都是同种类的...
And one point I like to make is
they were homogenous...
他们都是一个国家的人
they were all of one nationality.
他们都装备着同样的武器和弹♥药♥
They were all equipped with the same
weapons and ammunition.
他们吃同样的食物他们信仰差不多同一个神
They ate the same food. They believed
pretty much in the same god.
我有来自16个不同国家的士兵,
I had 16 different nationalities with me,
他们中有些人不能吃这个,不能吃那个,
some of whom couldn't eat this
and couldn't eat that,
有些人不想在星期五或
一星期的其他什么日子战斗,
and some that didn't want to fight on
Fridays or some other day of the week,
而英国人,他们的步兵武器
和大炮和我们的完全不同
and the British,with their infantry weapons
and your artillery completely different from ours.
你不能象德国人那样把他们
轻易地从一个前线调动到另一个
You couldn't move them with ease from one
front to the other like the Germans could.
冬天盟军地面部队指挥官
亚历山大将军和他的同事们
Winter. The Allied ground commander
General Alexander and his colleagues
现在面对着他们的地中海战略的令人不快的现实
were now confronted with the unpleasant
realities of their Mediterranean strategy.
习惯于迅速穿越沙漠的(英国)第八军,
The Eighth Army, accustomed to swift
advances across the desert,
一天只能前进几百码
could only manage
a few hundred yards a day.
在山那边,克拉克的(美国)第五军也陷入泥泞
Across the mountain,Clark's
Fifth Army was also mud-bound.
雨停之后他们发给我们套鞋
They issued us galoshes
after the rains had stopped.
如果有人是做套鞋生意的,
lf anybody was in the galoshes business,
他能沿着路边发现大约几百万双,
he could have found about
millions along the roadside,
因为你不可能穿着它们走路
because you couldn't walk with them.
我是说 (穿套鞋)走过那片泥泞是不可能的
I mean,it was impossible
to go through that mud.
这不是旅游海报上阳光明媚的意大利
This was not the sunny ltaly
of the travel posters.
一个步兵走出那些山的唯一办法就是被运出来
The only way an infantryman was coming out
of those mountains was to be carried out.
那就是为什么受伤实际上是值得向往的事
That's why it was actually desirable
to get wounded.
可怕的天气,困难的地形,德国人坚决的抵抗
Dreadful weather, difficult terrain,
determined German resistance.
对泥泞中的部队来说,这个组合
和丘吉尔的想象不太符合
To the men in the mud, this combination
did not match up to Churchill's vision.
我现在还能回想起他在他的地图前
拿着指示棒用他有说服力的方式,
(Clark) I can see him now at his map
and his persuasive way with his pointer,
指出地中海"柔软的腹部"
pointing out the "soft belly"
of the Mediterranean.
我们去了那儿以后,我经常想到
这是一个多么"坚硬的老肠胃",
After we got in there, I often thought
of what a tough old gut it was,
而不是他让我们相信的"柔软的腹部"
instead of the soft belly
he had led us to believe.
1943年年底前,
Before the end of 1943,
盟军正在敲击凯塞林的冬季防线
the Allies were hammering
at Kesselring's Winter Line.
亚历山大有11个师,凯塞林有9个,
还有8个师作为预备队
Alexander had 11divisions, Kesselring
nine, with eight more in reserve.
必须为了(争夺)每一座小山村而战
Every small mountain village
had to be fought for.
12月,美军第36(步兵)师试图夺取圣彼得罗
ln December, the American 36th Division
tried to take San Pietro.
我们绝大多数在意大利的战斗
都是采取这么一种方式
lt was one of the things
that most of our fighting was in ltaly.
你进入一个阵地,你掘壕据守,你就待在那里
You got into a position, you dug in
and you just stayed.
我是说,我们向他们射击他们也向我们射击
l mean, we'd shoot at them
and they'd shoot at us.
只是当他们准备离开了我们才前进
And it was only when they were ready
to leave that we moved forward.
10天后,美国人以惨重的代价拿下了圣彼得罗
After ten days,the Americans took
San Pietro...at heavy cost.
在任何一支部队,你都会有一个坟墓登记分队,
ln any unit, you would have
a Graves Registration Unit,
而他们的任务就是到处去抬走尸体
and their job was to go round
picking up bodies.
(比尔·莫尔丁漫画家 "星条旗")
他们要做的是,如果有人被仓促地埋葬,
And what they would do,
if someone had been hastily buried,
(比尔·莫尔丁漫画家 "星条旗")
他们会掘出他来,或者如果他就躺在那儿,
they would disinter him,
or if he was just lying there,
他们会抬起他并把他们倒入床罩中,
they'd pick him up and slide them
into the mattress covers,
把他们堆放进卡车里
pile them up into the trucks
并把他们带到某处的一个临时墓地
and take them off to
a temporary cemetery somewhere.
我想一些人很可能以那种方式被埋葬了多达四或五次,
I suppose some people probably got buried