二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E10

Part 1 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

大西洋英国的生命线
The Atlantic. Britain's lifeline.
在和平时期就足够凶险,
Treacherous enough in peacetime,
在战时,(更是由于)充满危险而暗淡无光
in war, black with menace.
U型潜艇的狼群整夜潜行
U-boat packs stalk through the night.
尽管知道危险他们的牺牲品仍然乘风破浪
Knowing the danger,
their victims still plough on.
船和货物沉没
Ships and cargoes go down.
它们的船员...其中一些...生存下来,
Their crews... some of them... survive,
但在1943年初是英国的生存
but early in 1943
it is Britain's survival
和盟军战胜德国的希望存在疑问
and the Allied hopes for victory
over Germany which are in doubt.
当战争开始时,英国把德国的大型战舰
视为她海上贸易的主要威胁
When war began,Britain saw Germany's big ships
as the main threat to her sea trade.
德国人也是如此
So did the Germans.
德国的水面突击舰队
凶狠地攻击(英国)商船队
Germany's surface raiders would
savage the merchant fleet
而英国依赖它们来运送她的大部分食物,
她的绝大部分原材料,和她全部的石油
on which Britain depended for much of her food,
most of her raw materials,and all of her oil.
德国的U型潜艇将在沿海水域行动,
Germany's U-boats
were to operate in coastal waters,
收拾被战列舰剩下的任何船只
sweeping up anything left
by the battleships.
英国和德国都错了
Both Britain and Germany were wrong.
真正的海上威胁将是U型潜艇
The real naval menace
was to be the U-boat.
至少一个人知道这点...
卡尔·邓尼茨,U型潜艇部队的司令
At least one man knew this...
Karl Doenitz, chief of the U-boat arm.
他原本也可能是错的,如果
希♥特♥勒♥推迟他的与英国的战争
He could've been wrong too, if Hitler
had delayed his war with Britain
直到为德国海军计划建造的
所有战列舰都建成的话
until all the battleships planned
for the German Navy had been built.
事实上,邓尼茨确信只要有足够的潜艇,
他就能获得海上战争的胜利
As it was, Doenitz was certain that with
enough submarines,he could win the war at sea.
他已在20年前向他自己证明了这点
He had proved it to himself
20 years before.
1918年10月,
In October 1918,
我是在地中海马耳他附近的一艘潜艇的舰长
I was captain of a submarine
in the Mediterranean near Malta.
(卡尔·邓尼茨德国海军元帅后来成为希♥特♥勒♥的继承人)
在一个黑暗的夜晚我遇到了一个
配有巡洋舰和驱逐舰的英国护航船队
In a dark night I met a British convoy
with cruisers and destroyers
我进攻了
and I attacked
并且击沉了一艘船,
and I sank a ship,
但如果当时有许多潜艇的话
机会就会大得多
but the chance would have been very much greater
if there had been a lot of submarines.
那就是为什么把潜艇聚集起来那样它们就能一起
攻击的一个狼群的想法,是非常的令人印象深刻,
That's why the idea of a wolf pack,to put
the submarines together that they could
attack together,was very impressive,
那也是为什么从1918年,直到我们德国海军
又有了第一批潜艇的1935年,在所有那么些年里,
and that's why in all the years, from 1918
until the year 1935 when we had the first
submarines again in the German Navy
我从来都没忘记这个想法
I never had forgotten this idea.
在水下,1939年的U型潜艇速度缓慢
Underwater,the 1939 U-boat was slow.
在水面上,它比任何护航商船队的速度都快
On the surface, it was faster
than any convoy of merchant ships.
由于它低矮的轮廓,它不会
被轻易看见,尤其在夜晚
With its low silhouette it could not
be seen easily, especially at night.
但它的目标们却在天空的映衬下
被清晰地勾勒出外形...
But its targets were outlined clearly
against the sky...
而在无线电(的帮助下),U型潜艇
能很快聚集成狩猎的狼群
and with radio, the U-boats could
quickly assemble into hunting packs.
邓尼茨知道英国会试图通过一个由战舰护卫
护航船队的系统来保护她至关重要的大西洋贸易
Doenitz knew Britain would try to protect her essential
Atlantic trade by a system of convoys escorted by warships.
要攻击这些护航船队,
邓尼茨要300艘U型潜艇
To attack these convoys,
Doenitz wanted 300 U-boats.
当战争开始时他只有26艘
When the war started he had only 26.
而且这些潜艇在能到达他们的目标之前
得从基地出发进行漫长,危险的航行
And these boats had long, dangerous voyages
from base before they could reach their targets.
当法国沦陷,
When France fell,
邓尼茨得到了离运输航线近得多的新基地
Doenitz gained new bases
much nearer the shipping routes.
他的海狼作为英雄返回这些法国港口
His Sea Wolves returned
to these French ports as heroes.
一个特殊的英雄是奥托·克雷奇默尔
(U-23,U-99舰长,战绩为击沉47艘船只)
One especial hero was Otto Kretschmer.
克雷奇默尔总共击沉超过25万吨♥的英国船只
In all, Kretschmer sank over a quarter
of a million tons of British shipping.
1940年10月,他加入了第一个真正的狼群
In October 1940,
he joined the first real wolf pack.
我记得有一个信♥号♥♥说一个从美国
开往英国的护航船队正在开过来
I remember that there was a signal that
a convoy was coming in from America to England
(奥托·克雷奇默尔战后任联邦德国海军准将)
而它的位置不明
and that its position was not known
(奥托·克雷奇默尔纳粹海军击沉吨♥位最高纪录保持者
160位双剑银橡叶骑士铁十字勋章获得者之一)
邓尼茨命令所有潜艇都去那里,
and that Doenitz ordered
all the submarines there,
去爱尔兰的西面,
to the west of lreland,
去组成一种侦察线,
一种静止的侦察线,
to form a sort of recce line,
a stationary recce line,
以让护航船队通过
to let the convoy pass through.
当第一艘潜艇发现了护航船队,
就会发出一个信♥号♥♥,它的联络信♥号♥♥,
And when the first submarine was sighted
the convoy made a signal,its contact signal,
于是这条侦察线自动消失,
and this recce line
was dissolved automatically,
每艘潜艇都随意赶去发动攻击
and every boat was free
to go in for the attack.
1940年10月17日的夜晚,护航船队"SC-7"
正在经过罗克尔(爱尔兰西北的一个小岛)
Convoy SC-7,on the night of 17
October 1940,was passing Rockall.
(该护航船队有)34艘商船,4艘小型护卫舰
34 merchantmen, four small escort ships.
7艘U型潜艇在海面上发动攻击
Seven U-boats attacked on the surface.
攻击采用了我们所习惯于的同一方式,
The attack took the same form
as that we were used to,
(罗伯特·舍伍德英国护卫舰"蓝铃"号♥舰长)
那就是一艘单一的船被攻击
which was a single ship being struck.
在很短时间之后第二艘被攻击,
Very shortly after
that a second one was struck,
然后,在5到10分钟内,
and then, within a matter
of five to ten minutes,
更多的船被攻击
further ships were struck.
我试图穿过这些护卫舰进入到船队中,
I tried to get through the escorts
into the convoy,
这也是我自己特殊的攻击方式,
which was my own peculiarity
of attacking,
第一次失败了
and failed the first time.
他们看见了我并发射照明弹
所以我不得不再次退走
They saw me and shot star shells
so that I had to draw away again.
但是第二次我成功了
进入护航船队之中
But for the second time I succeeded
and was inside the convoy
在航线上上浮下潜
寻找最重要,最有价值的船只
going up and down the lanes looking
for the most important, valuable ships
并利用这机会发射光了所有鱼雷
and had the opportunity
to expend all torpedoes.
我总共有12枚
I had 12 in all.
我能看到处于不同下沉阶段的船
(Sherwood) I could see ships
in various stages of sinking.
一艘荷兰船停了下来
A Dutch ship had stopped
并正试图捞起幸存者,
and was attempting to pick up survivors,
而事实上正当我看着她在做这事
and whilst I actually
watched her doing this
并考虑该做些什么的时候,
and was considering what to do about it,
她自己也被鱼雷击中了
she also herself was torpedoed.
这起(爆♥炸♥),和另一起鱼雷(爆♥炸♥)一起,
This, along with another torpedoing,
令整个地方燃起大火
set the whole place ablaze.
那一晚 17艘商船,正好是
整个护航船队的一半,被击沉
That night 17 merchantmen,
exactly half the convoy, were sunk.
护卫舰一艘U型潜艇也没能损伤
The escorts had not been able
to damage a single U-boat.
我想在此之前我从没见过超过一艘船被击沉,
I don't think I had ever seen more
than one ship sunk at a time before,
而这的确是非常不同寻常的事
and this was something
very different indeed.
这真的是第一次这些战术能被我们
所有人,也是邓尼茨他本人所体验,
This really was the first time that
these tactics could be experienced by
all of us and also by Doenitz himself,
而他,当然,只从我们和平时期
的演习了解过它(这种战术)
who, of course, knew it