二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E05

Part 3 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

lncensed by the revolt,
he named the operation "Retribution".
(实施)"惩罚"行动意味着
推迟"巴巴罗萨"行动
Operation Retribution meant
postponing Operation Barbarossa
五个关键的星期
by five crucial weeks.
但现在俄♥国♥对德国打败
她最新的盟友袖手旁观
But now Russia stood by while
the Wehrmacht overran her newest ally.
希♥特♥勒♥开进希腊,莫斯科
又一次没怎么提出抗♥议♥
Hitler marched into Greece, again
without Moscow so much as protesting.
这种不作为不可能未被希♥特♥勒♥注意到,
这只能令他更加刚愎自用
This inaction cannot be lost on Hitler,
make him only even more headstrong
当他的军队横扫对手
取得更多轻松的胜利
as his armies swept on
to further easy victories.
斯大林自己的间谍已不断传回
德国♥军♥队正沿边境集结的报告,
Stalin's own spies had been sending back reports
of German troop concentrations along his borders,
他选择对这些报告置之不理
reports which he chose to ignore.
当西方外交官也对他提出警告,
他再次对他们不屑一顾
When Western diplomats warned him too,
he shrugged them off.
他向他的密友们争辩道
He argued to his cronies
不管纳粹-苏联之间的
一场冲突如何不可避免,
that however inevitable
a Nazi-Soviet conflict might be,
目前的这些报告只是英国的一个诡计
these present reports
were simply a British ruse.
有趣的事情是罗斯福和丘吉尔各自都
The interesting thing was that both
Roosevelt and Churchill,each of their own,
告知斯大林希♥特♥勒♥即将进攻俄♥国♥
informed Stalin
that Hitler was going to attack Russia.
斯大林以为那是我们的一个诡计
Stalin thought that was
a trick on our part
来让他进行动员(兵力),转移(希♥特♥勒♥的)注意力,
to get him to mobilise and to divert,
来促使希♥特♥勒♥进攻(俄♥国♥)
to provoke Hitler into attack.
斯大林非常清楚
Stalin was very conscious that
在第一次世界大战时,
in World War I,
正是沙皇的动员
it was the Tsar's mobilisation
导致了德国...
that caused the German...
皇帝(威廉二世)... 进攻俄♥国♥,
the Kaiser... to attack Russia,
他不会和(动员)沾上任何边
and he wasn't going
to have any part of it.
有一种传统的病态的不信任
There is a traditional
pathological mistrust.
当英国人说什么,
When the British say something,
斯大林的哲学会告诉我们,
"你必须反过来想"
Stalin's philosophy used to tell us,
"You must think the opposite".
如果英国人警告我们,
lf the British warn us,
那一定意味着他们试图
让我们跟德国人打起来
that must mean that they try
to put us against the Germans.
仅仅因为那个理由...主要理由...
他忽略一切警告
For that reason alone... the main reason...
he neglected all the warnings.
1941年莫斯科的五一劳动节
May Day in Moscow, 1941.
(♪ 雄壮, 爱国的歌♥曲)
(♪ rousing, patriotic song)
一次特别令人印象深刻的阅兵,
A particularly impressive
military parade,
面对所有这些(德国)即将入侵的流言,
(阅兵)似乎是为了让俄♥国♥人♥民♥放心
as if to reassure the Russian people in the face
of all the rumours of impending invasion.
俄♥国♥外交的目标仍是安抚希♥特♥勒♥,
Russian diplomacy was still
aimed at appeasing Hitler,
希望能延迟任何进攻
直到红军的改革能够完成
hoping to delay any attack until the
Red Army's reforms would be complete.
因此,当将军们作演讲时,
And so, while the generals lectured,
外交官们忙着将谷物和
殛需的原材料运往德国,
the diplomats rushed grain and
much-needed raw materials to Germany,
对于德国侦察机对苏联
领空的侵犯视而不见
turned a blind eye to the incursions of German
reconnaissance planes over Soviet territory
甚至还减缓了他们建造
边疆防御工事的速度
and even slowed down
their building of frontier defences
为的是不冒犯柏林
so as not to offend Berlin.
但甚至当斯大林的国防人♥民♥委员(铁木辛哥)
Yet even as Stalin's defence commissar
还在和希♥特♥勒♥的驻莫斯科武官握手的时候,
shook hands with
Hitler's military attaché in Moscow,
三百万德国部队正前移到边界
three million German troops
were moving up to the border.
历史上最大的陆地战役即将开始
The biggest land battle in history
was about to begin.
当(德国进攻的消息)传来时
那冲击是最大的
The shock was all the greater
when it did came.
(41'英国驻莫斯科大使♥馆♥ 约翰·罗素)
我记得那晚,我出门去了
l remember that particular
night, l'd been out somewhere
(41'英国驻莫斯科大使♥馆♥ 约翰·罗素)
回家挺晚的然后打开电台,
and came home rather late
and turned on the radio,
我调到了,我想是哈尔科夫
and I got onto, I think it was Kharkov
或是基辅或类似什么地方(的电台),
or Kiev or somewhere like that,
有轰炸和进攻和类似事情
正在发生的报道,
and there were accounts going on
of bombing and attacks and things,
我还以为是那种奥森·威尔斯
("公民凯恩"的导演)的节目,
which I thought was
a sort of Orson Welles programme,
就象他轰炸了纽约那次,记得吗? (威尔斯1938年广播
"世界大战",让听众以为火星人真的入侵,引起恐慌)
like when he bombed New York,remember?
然后我们四处核实,发现这是真的
Then we checked around
and found it was real.
我们被告知红军绝不会在本国领土上作战,
We were told that the Red Army
will never fight on its own territory,
第一枪将在敌人领土上打响
that the very first shot
will be made on enemy's territory.
然后,突然,在(6月)22日,
Then, suddenly, on the 22nd,
我们被告知塞瓦斯托波尔(乌克兰港口)
正被轰炸,基辅(乌克兰首府)正被轰炸,
we were told that Sevastopol
is being bombed, Kiev is being bombed,
斯摩棱斯克,被轰炸
敌人猛击,消灭了我们的部队
Smolensk, bombed.
The enemy smashed, wiped out our forces.
在取得其他战役的胜利后,
After the success of
the other campaigns,
我们相信巴巴罗萨也会取得成功
we had confidence that Barbarossa
would be successful too.
前进的第一阶段非常迅速
The first period of the
advance was very quick.
我们每天推进超过100公里
We made more than 100km per day.
我们还没输过一场战役,
所以我们习惯了胜利
We hadn't lost a battle, so we
were used to being victorious.
希♥特♥勒♥的计划是让三支巨大的军团
Hitler's plan was for three vast armies
在四个月里找出并消灭俄♥国♥部队
to seek out and destroy
the Russian forces within four months.
我以前从没打过仗
I never was in a war before.
我们没有恐惧
We had no fear
因为我们以为我们会赢得对俄战争,
because we thought
we will win the war against Russia,
因为对波兰和法国的战争,
because the wars against
Poland and France,
我们以德国的胜利而告终
we had ended with victories for Germany.
除了出奇不意,
As well as surprise,
德国人还具备在那些被选作装甲突破口的地点
拥有人员和火力的压倒性优势的有利条件
the Germans had the advantage of overwhelming
superiority in men and fire power at those
points chosen for their armoured thrusts.
三个俄♥国♥步兵师在开战第一天就被消灭,
Three Russian infantry divisions
were annihilated that first day,
还有五个被分割包围
and another five cut to pieces.
在过布格河时,
During the River Bug crossing,
我们被几架老式俄♥国♥飞机攻击
we were attacked
by several obsolete Russian aircraft
它们被立刻击落
that were shot down immediately
开战初期我们空军的优势
给我们留下非常深刻的印象
and we were very impressed by the superiority
of our air force at the beginning.
在开战头两天里,
During the first two days,
2,000架俄♥国♥飞机被摧毁,
大多数是在地面
2,000 Russian planes were destroyed,
mostly on the ground.
世界上最大的空军已经几乎被摧毁了
The world's largest air force
had been well-nigh eradicated.
失去了他们的空中掩护,
俄♥国♥的边疆军团也枯萎并消失了
Their air cover gone, the Russian
frontier armies wilted and disappeared.
在一个星期里,德国国防军
已经到达通往莫斯科的半途
ln a week, the Wehrmacht
was already halfway to Moscow.
在一个月里,德国人已经夺取了
面♥积♥相当于他们自己国家两倍的地区
ln a month, the Germans had won an area
double the size of their own country.
(♪ "当士兵穿越城市的时候")
(♪ "Wenn die Soldaten
durch die Stadt marschieren")
♪ 当士兵
♪ Wenn die Soldaten