二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E02

Part 4 June 6, 2022, 8:32 a.m.

won by bluff rather than gun power.
两艘巡洋舰被带回家
Two of the cruisers were brought home.
(♪ 亨利·拉塞尔 "大洋上的生活")
(♪ "A Life on the Ocean Wave"
by Henry Russell)
船员们游♥行♥穿越伦敦市来到市政厅
Their crews marched
through the City of London to Guildhall
首席海军大臣沐浴于他们的荣耀
and the first lord of the admiralty
basked in their glory.
你们完成的这次辉煌的海战
The brilliant sea fight
which you executed,
在这里的那些参战将士,
those who are here executed,
在我们的海军史上都将记有一笔
takes its place in our naval annals
而我还要补充一句
在一个黑暗,寒冷的冬天,
and I may add
that in a dark, cold winter,
这温暖了英国人的心房♥
it warmed the cockles
of the British heart.
赫尔辛基, 1939年11月30日.
Helsinki, November 30, 1939.
芬兰已经拒绝交出
她邻居俄♥国♥要求的基地和领土
Finland has refused to hand over bases and
territory demanded by her neighbour Russia.
俄♥国♥人发动了进攻
The Russians attack.
庞大的俄♥国♥♥军♥队穿越边界,
The massive Russian army
crossed the frontier,
明显准备取得象德国人
在波兰的那种轻而易举的胜利
apparently set for the kind of easy
victory the Germans had had in Poland.
但芬兰人,尽管人数很少,还击了
But the Finns, few in number,
fought back.
伪装了的芬兰滑雪部队
知道如何利用他们自身的条件,
Camouflaged Finnish ski troops
knew how to use their own conditions,
绕到俄♥国♥人的侧翼,
切断他们的补给线
moving round the Russian flanks,
cutting their supply lines.
俄♥国♥人的进军停了下来,
The Russian advance ground to a halt,
坚定了德国人关于俄军
confirming the German belief
that the Russian army,
在被斯大林清洗了正规军官后
无法作战的信念
purged by Stalin of many
of its regular officers, couldn't fight.
有几个俄♥国♥师整师被歼
Whole Russian divisions were destroyed.
没有被俘的那些人死在了雪地里...
Those who weren't taken prisoner
died in the snow...
对俄♥国♥人而言,
这是个即使是暂时的,也很丢脸的失败.
for the Russians,
a humiliating, if temporary, failure.
在英国,天也在下雪
In Britain it was snowing, too.
新闻审查试图将其掩盖过去
但人们还是禁不住注意到了下雪
The censorship tried to hush it up
but people couldn't help noticing it.
灯火管制的试行又碰上了
45年来天气最坏的冬天,
To the trials of the blackout were added
the worst winter for 45 years,
煤炭供应的短缺,爆裂的水管
和食物定量配给.
a coal shortage, burst pipes
and food rationing.
皇家空军无法起飞
The RAF was grounded.
部队被召来,以保证列车运行
Troops were called in
to keep the trains running.
对海军来说,又取得了一次胜利
For the navy, another victory.
在挪威峡湾避难的时候,
Taking refuge in a Norwegian fjord,
"格拉夫·施佩"号♥的补给船"阿尔特马克"号♥
被英国驱逐舰逼到了角落里.
the Graf Spee's supply ship Altmark
was cornered by British destroyers.
无视挪威的中立国地位,
他们登上了该船
lgnoring Norwegian neutrality,
they boarded her
经过一场战斗,
解救了300个英国战俘.
and after a fight
released 300 British prisoners.
对希♥特♥勒♥来说 "阿尔特马克"号♥
的被俘是一个挫折
For Hitler the seizure of the Altmark
was a setback.
他加速了他入侵挪威的计划
He hastened his plans to invade Norway.
对丘吉尔而言,又一个受欢迎的胜利
For Churchill, another popular triumph.
他也把他的眼光投到了挪威
He too had his eyes on Norway.
丘吉尔的同事们讨论他关于
英国介入挪威的计划已有几个月,
Churchill's colleagues had been discussing for
months his plan for British action in Norway,
但其中有些人,象外♥交♥部♥长
哈利法克斯勋爵,很难被劝服
but some, like the foreign secretary
Lord Halifax,were difficult to persuade.
丘吉尔现在又加入了一个帮助芬兰
的计划作为挪威行动的一部分
Churchill now added a plan to help Finland
as part of the Norwegian operation.
他提议切断德国重要的铁矿石供应补给线,
He proposed to stop
Germany's important supply of iron ore,
这条路线从瑞典出发
到挪威港口纳尔维克
which came from Sweden
to the Norwegian port of Narvik.
然后经过中立的挪威水域运到德国
Then it was shipped to Germany
through neutral Norwegian waters.
丘吉尔想在这片水域敷设水雷
Churchill wanted to mine the waters
而他又诱人地补充说
如果占领了纳尔维克
and he added enticingly
that if Narvik were captured
它就能被用作一个帮助
芬兰抵抗共♥产♥俄♥国♥的基地
it could be used as a base for helping
Finland against Communist Russia.
丘吉尔知道他的计划可能
造成希♥特♥勒♥在挪威的报复
Churchill knew that his plan might mean
retaliation by Hitler in Norway,
而帮助芬兰可能引发与俄♥国♥的战争
and helping Finland
could mean war with Russia.
张伯伦担心无辜挪威人丢命
Chamberlain was concerned
about innocent Norwegian lives
和对美国舆♥论♥造成的印象
and the effect on American opinion.
最后,他被说服了
Eventually, he was persuaded.
我想在内心深处他仍然希望
I think that deep down
he still hoped
或许能够避免军队之间的大规♥模♥冲♥突♥
that perhaps the major clash of armies
could be avoided.
他认为德国正处在饥荒的边缘,
He thought that Germany
was on the verge of starvation,
或者即使不在饥荒边缘,
or if not on the verge of starvation,
它至少也会被经济战
拖到饥荒的边缘
it anyhow would be brought to the verge
of starvation by economic warfare.
他还认为在内心深处
He thought also that deep down
德国人♥民♥并不支持希♥特♥勒♥,
the German people didn't support Hitler,
他的领导层是个小圈子,
如果我们宣传得当的话
that this was a clique and that
if we did our propaganda properly
可能会有将领或其他什么人
发动针对希♥特♥勒♥的暴♥动♥
there would perhaps be a revolt of the
generals or somebody else against Hitler
所以由皇家空军轰炸机司令部
撒下宣传传♥单♥
and that therefore dropping propaganda
leaflets by bomber command of the RAF
而非炸♥弹♥ 是进行战争的一个好方法
rather than bombs
was a good way of conducting the war.
(可以做)任何防止真正
大规模战争爆发的事
Anything to stop
the real major outbreak.
那就是为什么我认为
从某种程度上挪威战役
And that is why I think to some extent
the campaigns in Norway
对张伯伦来说是可以接受的,
were something acceptable
to Chamberlain,
因为它使战争在遥远的地方打
because it kept the war distant.
它使那种真正大规模的冲突,
lt kept the idea of a real big clash,
象帕斯尚尔战役或索姆河会战那种
血战的重现,发生在很遥远的地方.
a repetition of Passchendaele
or the Somme, far away.
这意味着战争会被限制在局部
而或许一些奇迹会发生
lt meant that war would be localised
and perhaps some miracle would happen.
或许希♥特♥勒♥会死或者被暗♥杀♥
Perhaps Hitler would die
or be assassinated
而整件事会以最少的流血结束
and the whole thing would end
with the minimum of bloodshed.
今天的芬兰
Finland today
在大雪和冰冻的湖泊之中
amidst her snows and her frozen lakes
正在反抗一支使用肆无忌惮暴♥力♥的军队
is fighting against the forces
of unscrupulous violence
就在我们还悠然自得的时候
just as we are ourselves.
而她的需要要求我们的同情和援助
And her need calls
for our sympathy and our aid.
一些英国援助的确去了芬兰,但是有些晚了
Some British aid did go to
Finland, but a little late.
俄♥国♥人终于使尽了全力
The Russians at last brought
all their weight to bear
并打垮了芬兰人的防御
and overwhelmed the Finnish defences.
就在英国人下定决心
要在挪威强行登陆的那一天,
The day the British steeled themselves
to force a landing in Norway,
芬兰投降了
Finland surrendered.
因此英国人被从与俄♥国♥和德国
同时开战的局面下解救了出来
So Britain was saved from war against
Russia and Germany at the same time.
停战协议的条款给了俄♥国♥
她想要的大多数东西
The armistice terms gave Russia
most of what she wanted.
成千上万的芬兰人不得不背井离乡
Hundreds of thousands of Finns