二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E05

Part 6 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

在平时,你不会做那样的事
ln normal times,you couldn't
do anything like that.
这段时间很可能是唯一一段时间,
当一支非常弱的德国部队,
These were the only times when,
probably, a very weak force of Germans,
如果他们能在(莫斯科)城内
投下一支象空降兵那样的部队,
if they would manage to drop a unit
of some kind of parachutists inside,
我们会有真正的麻烦
we would have real trouble.
但当希♥特♥勒♥在策划
他的对莫斯科的最后一击,
But while Hitler plotted
his final attack on Moscow,
朱可夫也在计划一次进攻
Zhukov, too, planned an attack.
但是用什么呢?
But with what?
他已经从其他地区抽调尽可能多的部队
He had already withdrawn as many troops
as he dared from other sectors
来守卫莫斯科
to defend Moscow.
但有一支俄♥国♥人
还没有动用过的预备队,
But there was one reserve
the Russians had not yet touched,
他们也没想过他们能够动用
nor ever thought they would be able to.
西伯利亚方面军的40个师,
The 40 divisions of the Siberian front,
位列于俄♥国♥最好的部队,
接受过在冬季条件下作战的训练
among the best troops in Russia,
trained to fight in winter conditions.
从6月开始,他们就一直
在等待一次日本人的进攻
Since June, they had been expecting
a Japanese attack.
到了10月中旬,
斯大林在东京的王牌间谍
Midway through October,
Stalin's master spy in Tokyo
报告说日本的目光盯在其他地方
reported Japan's eyes were elsewhere.
这一次,斯大林相信了他的间谍
This time, Stalin believed his spies.
他把西伯利亚的师团运到了莫斯科
He moved the Siberian
divisions to Moscow.
甚至在这个危机的时刻,
Even at this moment of crisis,
莫斯科还抽出时间来庆祝
(十月)革命的纪念日,
Moscow took time off to celebrate
the anniversary of the revolution,
而斯大林在他的人♥民♥前现身
and Stalin showed himself to his people.
我们可以说,尽管他的种种缺点,
We could say,in spite of
all his shortcomings,
斯大林通过那次出现,
为苏联作出了一次非常伟大的贡献
that Stalin rendered a very great
service to the USSR by that presence
因为这显示了两件事:
because it showed two things:
第一,最高指挥官没有逃跑,
one, the supreme commander
did not run away,
第二,斯大林保持着他的勇气
secondly, Stalin retained his nerve.
那种勇气的意识立刻
传播到所有的武装力量中
That sense of nerve spread at once
into all the armed forces.
所有的指挥官都开始说,
"斯大林他本人,他就在这里"
All the commanders began saying,
"Stalin himself, he is here."
地面已经变硬了
(德国)装甲部队又能够开动了
The ground had hardened.
The panzers were able to roll again.
11月26日,他们进入了伊斯特拉,
On November 26, they entered Istra,
位于莫斯科西面仅30英里,
just 30 miles west of Moscow,
四天后占领了克拉斯纳亚-波尔亚纳,
(位于莫斯科)北面仅25英里
and four days later had taken
Krasnaya Polyana, just 25 miles north.
到那时为止,朱可夫还
没有使用他的西伯利亚师团
As yet,Zhukov had not
used his Siberians
而德军情报机构也没能在莫斯科附近
无意中发现这么大规模的生力军的存在
and German intelligence had not stumbled on near Moscow
the presence of such numbers of fresh troops.
但德国人有他们自己的麻烦
But the Germans were having
troubles of their own.
一天早晨,什么都完了
And one morning,it was finished.
一切都被冻住了,
All was frozen,
汽车停在泥地里,冻住了,
and the cars were sitting
in the mud,frozen,
坦克也开不动了
and the tanks could not roll
在这个时刻,我的心碎掉了
and, in this moment,
my heart broke down.
而在远处,有一座大城市,
And there was, in the distance,
a large town,
我想那是我第一次也是最后一次看见莫斯科
and I think that was the first time
and the last time I have seen Moscow.
气温降低到零下40摄氏度
Temperatures were down
to minus 40 degrees centigrade.
汽油在卡车和坦克的油箱里凝固了
Oil solidified in the sumps
of lorries and tanks.
极端的寒冷也影响了士兵们
The intense cold affected
the soldiers, too.
冻伤和胃部问题造成的伤亡
比战斗伤亡还多
There were more casualties from frostbite
and stomach troubles than from fighting.
我们没有冬靴
We had no winter shoes.
我们没有任何装备来作战或抵御寒冷
We had no equipment whatsoever
to fight or stand the cold.
我想这立刻就成了
一个非常,非常大的问题
And I think this became
a very, very big problem right away.
我们失去了相当大一部分装备...
We lost a considerable part
of our equipment...
火炮,一般的轻重装备
guns,heavy and light
equipment in general.
我们,当然,由于寒冷,
We, of course, due to the cold,
失去许多被冻伤的弟兄,
lost a lot of people
who got frostbitten,
而我们甚至没有足够数量的药膏
and we had not even
the necessary amount of ointments
或最简单和原始的东西来抵御它(冻伤)
or the most simple and primitive
things to fight it.
我这个营里的900个人里,
Of 900 men in my battalion,
有200个在头14天里因为严寒而掉队
200 fell out because of freezing
in the first 14 days.
随着天变得更冷,
As it became colder,
到了大约11月底和12月初,
towards the end of November
and early December,
我们的大多数火炮都变得
完全不能用了
most of our artillery
had become completely unusable.
我们没有适合这场冬季战争的润滑油
We had not the lubrication oil
suitable for this winter war.
然而,俄♥国♥人却有
Nevertheless, the Russians had it
我们的士兵突然意识到
and suddenly our soldiers realised
说不定什么时候,
that from one moment to the next,
武器就不能再射击了
the weapon didn't shoot any more.
最糟糕的记忆就是如果车辆在地上冻住了
Well, the worst memory was if the
vehicles got frozen in the ground
而机油也(凝结得)很稠
使得我们不能移♥动♥
and the motor oil was thick
so we couldn't move.
而我们需要,我们想要移♥动♥
我想那是最糟糕的
And we needed and we wanted to move.
l think that was the worst.
在俄♥国♥,没有路标来标记道路
In Russia, there were
no signposts to mark the ways.
为了找到我们的路,
To find our roads,
我们把马匹冻住的尸体沿着雪墙放置
we had set the frozen bodies
of horses along the snow walls
以在积雪时找到路
to find the way during the snowdrifts.
这景色是如此令人不快...
And the scenery was so disconsolate...
总是除了雪还是雪
always snow and snow.
我们总是单独呆在一起,
We always were alone with us,
梦想着什么时候我们能回到柏林
dreaming what time
we will be back in Berlin.
但是在柏林的领导层
拒绝相信最糟的(情况)
But the powers that be back in Berlin
refused to believe the worst.
新闻片使一切看起来非常有趣
The newsreels
made it all seem great fun.
事实却不一样
The reality was different.
在那个时候我们已经
推进了几乎2000公里
At that time,we had advanced
almost 2,000 kilometres.
希♥特♥勒♥,一开始,并不想认为
Hitler, at first,
did not want to conceive
这场危机是他所有战略计划的终结,
that this crisis was the end
of all his strategical planning,
但陆军更了解情况,
but the army knew better,
而俄♥国♥人在使希♥特♥勒♥确信(以下事实)
方面也起到了最重要的作用,
and the Russians did the most important
part in convincing Hitler, too,
那就是(德国)第一年的俄♥国♥战役
that the Russian campaign
of this first year
已经失败了,而且已经到了尽头
had failed and had come to an end.
12月6日
December 6.
当德国国防军的士气正在其最低点,
With the Wehrmacht's morale
at its lowest,
尽管一些德国部队离
克里姆林宫只有15英里远,
although some German troops
were just 15 miles from the Kremlin,
朱可夫放出了他的西伯利亚师团
Zhukov unleashed his Siberians.
我这一次...第一次...