二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E23

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

这就跟射杀火鸡一样容易
it was as easy as shooting turkeys.
在第一次遭遇战后,除了一架以外
所有的美国飞机都返回了
After the first encounter, all but one
of the American planes returned.
加满弹♥药♥和燃料后,美国人对
日本人的下一波攻击作好了准备
Rearmed and refuelled, the Americans
were ready for the next Japanese move.
还有两次猛攻要面对
There were two more onslaughts to be faced.
然而,美国人有差不多900架舰载机,
However, the Americans had
nearly 900 carrier planes,
是日本舰载机数量的两倍
twice the number of the Japanese.
"马里亚纳射火鸡大赛"只持续了8个小时
The Marianas turkey shoot
lasted just eight hours.
在一天时间里,日本的海军航♥空♥兵力量实际上就被摧毁了
ln one day, Japanese naval air power
was virtually destroyed.
原先的430架飞机被减少到(只剩)大约100架
The original force of 430 planes
was reduced to about 100.
美国的损失相对轻微
American losses
were comparatively light.
飞行员比飞机更重要
Pilots mattered more than machines.
当天结束时,美国人已赢得了空战,
At the end of the day,
the Americans had won the air battle,
但还没有找到现在正在撤退的日本舰队的位置
but had yet to locate
the Japanese fleet, now retiring.
第二天,美国人继续寻找敌人
The following day, the Americans
continued their search for the enemy.
直到下午较晚的时候(15:40) 他们的飞机才在超过200英里以外,
位于美国轰炸机的航程极限的地方发现了(日本)机动舰队
lt was not until late afternoon that their aircraft
sighted the mobile fleet over 200 miles away,at the
extreme limit of the range of the American bombers.
但命令下达了...进攻
But the order was given... attack.
在逐渐变暗的天色下,美军攻击的主要目标...
In the fading light,the principle
objective of the American strike...
日本航母编队...受到了严重的伤害
the Japanese carrier force...
was badly mauled.
一艘航母(飞鹰号♥)被击沉
另外两艘(瑞鹤号♥和隼鹰号♥)被损坏
One carrier was sunk
and two others damaged.
这场任何一支舰队都没(直接)
向另一支舰队开火的伟大海战,
This great naval battle, in which
neither fleet fired on the other,
以日本人被打得只剩35架飞机
向他们在日本的基地撤退而告终
ended with the Japanese reduced to only 35
aircraft retreating to their bases in Japan.
美国飞机现在面临回到航母的问题
The American planes now faced the
problem of getting back to the carriers.
发动进攻的决定意味着它们可能
很容易在返航的途中耗尽燃料
The decision to attack had meant that they might
easily run out of fuel on the journey home.
首先返航的是保护特遣舰队的战斗机
First to return were the fighters which
had been protecting the task force.
在暮色中降落已经足够困难,
Landing in the dusk
was difficult enough,
但是过了些时候鱼雷轰炸机和(俯冲)轰炸机
不得不在一片漆黑中寻找他们的航母
but later on the torpedo planes and bombers
would have to find their carriers in pitch darkness.
一些永远都没成功
Some would never make it.
然后它变成我一生中见过的最黑暗的夜晚
Then it turned into probably the
blackest night l've seen in my life.
(巴彻·沃瑞斯美国海军上尉)
在海洋上空...我想我们是在大约7,000英尺高度往回飞,
And over the ocean... I guess we were
at about 7,000 feet flying home,
差不多是最省油的高度,
而天黑得就象黑桃爱司
kind of our best altitude for fuel,
and it was black as the ace of spades.
我们什么都听不见,只有我们自己,
除了(他们的)叫喊声...
And we could hear nothing,
just ourselves, except the cries of...
我不该说"叫喊声",
而该说一种非常例行公事的呼喊,
l won't say "cry",
but a very perfunctory call,
"我将不得不降落在水里我没有油了"
"I'll have to land in the water.
l'm out of fuel."
而这种呼叫一直继续下去直到所有从这次
攻击中幸存下来的鱼雷轰炸机全都落入水中
And this continued just constantly until all the torpedo
planes that had survived the strike went into the water.
然后在离特遣舰队还有大约100英里
的地方,俯冲轰炸机开始耗尽燃油
Then about 100 miles from the force, the
dive bombers began to run out of fuel
他们呼叫道, "这是..."
and they called out, "This is..."
到底呼叫了些什么我真的不记得了
whatever the call was.
l don't really remember.
"我要迫降了没油了"
"I'm going in. Out of fuel."
然后变得十分安静直到我们
飞入特遣舰队的范围之内
And then it became quite quiet
until we got within range of the force
然后你能够开始分辨出在特遣舰队正在发生什么
and then you could start to make out
what was happening at the task force
回收程序将会如何...
and what the recovery course would be...
我们还没有看到特遣舰队
因为舰船的灯都被熄灭了,
we'd not yet seen it because the
ships were running blacked out,
而灯火管制是一个正常的操作程序,
所以在空中(我们)发现不了它
which was a normal operating procedure,
so it couldn't be detected from the air.
(米切尔)海军中将知道我们
(在航母上)着陆会有极大的问题
The admiral knew that we'd have
an awful problem getting aboard.
我们真的没有时间来寻找舰队
他作出了一个决定
We didn't have time to really look
for the force. A decision was made.
命令下达给航♥空♥母舰让他们把灯打开
The command was given to the carriers
to turn their lights on.
第二天 (第58)特遣舰队成功拯救了
绝大多数迫降在海中的机组成员
Next day, the task force succeeded in rescuing the vast
majority of the air crews who had been forced down in the ocean.
这场"菲律宾海海战"的胜利,
Victory in this,
the Battle of the Philippine Sea,
意味着在马里亚纳群岛的登陆能够
在不受日本海军干扰的情况下进行
meant the Mariana landings could go ahead
without interference from the Japanese navy.
在付出3,000个美国人阵亡的代价后,塞班岛陷落了
At a cost of 3,000 American dead,Saipan fell.
提尼安岛的守备没有那么森严
Tinian was less heavily defended.
关岛抵抗了三个星期
Guam held out for three weeks.
离开那里! 快去那儿!
Get out of there! Move there quick!
随着两个竞争的进攻箭头开始交汇,一支从马里亚纳群岛出发
向西进发的美国两栖部队的指挥权从尼米兹转到了麦克阿瑟那里
Moving west from the Marianas,a US amphibious force
was switched by Nimitz to MacArthur's command
as the two rival prongs began to come together.
目标是帕劳群岛
The objective was the Palau group of islands.
在对菲律宾群岛发动入侵前
这些岛屿必须被占领
These had to be taken before
the invasion of the Philippines.
在其中一个岛屿,贝里琉岛上,美国人再次遭遇
一支10,000人的日本一流部队的狂热抵抗
On one island, Peleliu, the Americans again ran into fanatical
resistance from a crack force of 10,000 Japanese troops.
他们没有在海滩上迎击美国人,
lnstead of meeting the Americans
on the beaches,
这些日本人撤退进了一个
由洞穴和隧♥道♥构成的迷宫
the Japanese had withdrawn into
a labyrinth of caves and tunnels.
美国人不得不与一支决心
战斗到死的敌人争夺每一♥码♥
The Americans had to contest every yard against
an enemy determined to fight to the death.
在这场争夺贝里琉的血战中,
ln the bloody battle for Peleliu,
参战的每十个美国人中有四个阵亡或受伤
four out of every ten Americans
taking part were killed or wounded.
把所有这些日本人赶出来用了几个月
lt was months before all the Japanese
had been winkled out.
在这些太平洋岛屿上没有轻松的胜利
There were no easy victories
on these Pacific islands.
一些死去的海军陆战队员只能
通过他们的指纹来辨认身份
Some of the dead marines could only
be identified by their fingerprints.
1944年10月20日,麦克阿瑟兑现了他的承诺
On October 20, 1944,
MacArthur fulfilled his promise.
他回到了菲律宾群岛
He returned to the Philippines.
登陆几乎没有遭遇抵抗
The landings were virtually unopposed.
日本人已撤退到他们在内陆的主要防线
The Japanese had retired inland
to their main defences.
但这次入侵触发了历史上最大和最复杂的海战
But the invasion touched off the largest
and most complex naval battle in history.
莱特湾海战将持续四天
The Battle for Leyte Gulf
was to last for four days.
四支来自于婆罗洲,福尔摩萨(台♥湾♥)和
日本本土的日本舰队在菲律宾群岛会合
Four Japanese forces converged on the Philippines
from Borneo, Formosa and mainland Japan.
美国人有两支舰队...第七和第三舰队
The Americans had two fleets...
the Seventh and the Third.
日本人的目标是在莱特湾摧毁美国入侵舰船
The Japanese aim was to destroy the
American invasion shipping in Leyte Gulf.
在相隔数百英里远的一系列混战之后,
After a series of confused engagements
hundreds of miles apart,
日本帝国海军遭受了惨重损失
the lmperial Japanese Navy
suffered heavy losses.
它不再是一支有效的战斗力量
lt ceased to be an effective
fighting force.
在陆上,倾盆大雨延缓了麦克阿瑟的士兵
与一支人数接近40万的日本军队的战斗进程
On land, torrential rain had delayed the
progress of MacArthur's men fighting against
a Japanese army numbering nearly 400,000.
到1945年2月,在莱特湾登陆的三个月后,
By February 1945, three months
after the Leyte landings,
美国人正逼近菲律宾首都马尼拉
the Americans were closing in
on the Philippines capital Manila.
在太平洋战争中第一次,
For the first time in the Pacific war,
美国人正攻入一座大城市
the Americans were fighting
their way into a big city.