二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E10

Part 6 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

但他们没取得他们应该取得的成果
but they didn't achieve the results
they ought to have done.
首先,我想,是因为他们被瞎指挥,
Firstly, I think,because
they were mucked around,
而德国人在不断改变优先考虑的项目,
and the Germans kept
altering the priorities,
其次也是最重要的是因为我相信他们从不会
被允许对行动方(的实际使用效果)产生兴趣,
and secondly and most important, because
I don't believe they were ever allowed to
take any interest in the operational side,
与我们这里发生的完全相反,
as opposed to what happened with us,
在我们这里科学家被安排去感受
行动组所有成员(对产品的反响)
where the scientists were made to feel
full members of the operational team.
我相信这一点,相比武器
和设备的问题要重要的多,
I believe this, much more than
the question of weapons and devices,
这是为什么德国在科技方面落后这么多的原因
was the reason why the Germans fell
so far astern in technological matters.
而盟军自己在使用将证明是最有效的反制U型潜艇
的武器...装备雷达的飞机的方面仍然比较滞后
And the Allies themselves were still behind
in using what was to prove the most effective
counter to the U-boat...aircraft with radar.
护航船队极少能得到
不间断的长距离空中掩护
Convoys could seldom be given
continuous long-range air cover.
当它们能得到(空中掩护),损失就
减少了而U型潜艇的损失增加了
When they were, losses were reduced
and U-boat kills increased.
问题是航程飞机现在要飞到来自北美,
来自冰岛,来自英国的护航船队的上空,
The problem was range. Planes now flew
to the convoys from North America,
from lceland, from the United Kingdom.
但在中大西洋有一个这些
护航飞机无法到达的巨大缺口
But there was a vast gap in mid-Atlantic
which these escort planes could not reach.
U型潜艇能够到达这里而且也这么做了
The U-boats could and did.
在1942年下半年,
超过三百五十万吨♥被击沉,
ln the second half of 1942
over 3.5 million tons went down,
差不多700艘船,其中许多是
在大西洋缺口(被击沉的)
nearly 700 ships,many of
them in the Atlantic gap.
要关闭这个缺口,需要护航
航♥空♥母舰与船队一起航行
To close this gap,escort carriers
were needed to sail with the convoys.
但只有极少(的护航航母)可用
But few were yet available.
象解放者(式轰炸机)这样的
超长距飞机(也只有极少数可用)
Or very long-range planes
like the Liberator.
但在1942年美国人需要把
大多数这些(解放者)用于太平洋
But in 1942 the Americans needed
most of these in the Pacific.
兰开斯特轰炸机(也很少),
但尽管海军部的呼吁
Or Lancaster bombers,
but despite admiralty appeals
皇家空军仍把它们全部用于轰炸德国...
the RAF kept them all bombing Germany...
虽然他们也给予其他飞机
although they did release
other aircraft.
轰炸机司令部向岸防司令部
转移了六个中队的飞机,
Bomber Command diverted
six squadrons to Coastal Command,
如果你说要是他们能转移
十个中队就更好了,是的,
and if you'd said it would've been
better if they'd made that ten, yes,
但一道线肯定得在哪里划清
but the line had to be drawn somewhere.
作为一个岸防(司令部)的人我当然希望
在岸防(司令部)看到更多的几个中队,
As a Coastal type I would've liked to
see a few more squadrons in Coastal,
但令人同情的是轰炸机司令部就
他们必须完成的任务而言也缺飞机
but Bomber Command were pitifully short of
aeroplanes,too,for the job they had to do.
当然,如果美国能分配给
我们更多的解放者式轰炸机
Surely, if there had been more
Liberators allocated from America
我们就能早得多地改善局势
we could have improved
the situation much earlier
并能拯救许多海员的生命
and have saved the lives
of a lot of seamen.
越来越多地,战争努力要依靠美国
More and more, the war effort
depended on the United States.
商船和护卫舰被大规模生产出来
Merchant ships and escorts
were mass-produced
以运送用于入侵欧洲的物资和人员
to carry the material and men
for the invasion of Europe.
除非大西洋被确保安全,
否则其他一切都会崩溃
Unless the Atlantic was secured,
all else could fall apart.
1943年1月,罗斯福和丘吉尔决定
ln January 1943,
Roosevelt and Churchill decreed
击败U型潜艇被给予最优先地位
that the defeat of the U-boat
be given top priority.
改进过的护卫舰船被建造出来
Improved escort vessels were built.
现在有足够的这些(护卫舰)
越洋(向U型潜艇)发动进攻
There were now enough of these
to go over to the attack.
但也在1943年1月,邓尼茨接任
(雷德尔)成为德国海军总司令
But also in January 1943, Doenitz
took over as chief of the German navy.
他解散了大多数的大型(水面)战舰
He paid off most of the big ships
并放这些船的船员去潜艇上服役
and released their crews
for the submarine service.
终于他能大规模生产U型潜艇了
At last he could have
U-boats mass-produced.
每个月有17艘新的U型潜艇被编入现役
17 new U-boats were commissioned each month.
到了1943年早春,邓尼茨
拥有400多艘在役的U型潜艇
By early spring 1943,Doenitz
had over 400 U-boats in service.
又一次,护航船队可能要被打垮了
Once again,the convoys
might be overwhelmed.
在5月围绕护航船队"ONS-5"
发生了将被证明是决定性战役的一场战斗
In May came what was to prove the
decisive battle,around convoy ONS-5.
ONS-5是一个相对较小,非常缓慢
当然,也是没有装货,空的船队
ONS-5 was a rather small, very slow
and, of course, unladen, empty convoy.
而我们有许多麻烦
And we had a lot of trouble.
天气非常糟糕,船只又航行得杂乱无章,
The weather was very bad,
the ships got disorganised,
三或四天后在冰岛南面
and south of lceland
after three or four days
我们遭到潜艇的几次攻击,
we had several attacks by submarines,
其中绝大多数我们都成功击退,
只有一艘船被击沉
most of which we drove off successfully,
and only had one ship sunk.
然后过了一会儿我们遭遇了
一长系列♥确♥实非常糟糕的大风,
Then after a spell we had a long series
of very bad gales indeed,
加上船队里窜进格陵兰岛漂来的冰块,
combined with a little nip
into the ice pack off Greenland,
就在这个时候我的船燃料不够了,
and at this stage my ship
was running short of fuel,
我因为天气原因不能从油轮加油,
所以我不得不离开
I couldn't fuel from the tanker because
of the weather, and I had to leave.
我从格莱顿那儿收到个信♥号♥♥ 说他
必须离开去纽芬兰(加拿大东部)加油
I got the signal from Gretton that he had
to push off to Newfoundland to get fuel
我可不可以回来接管护卫舰队?
and would I come back
and take over the escort?
恩,他没说"我可不可以?",
他说,"就你来负责了"
Well, he didn't say "would I?",
he said, "You're in charge."
5月3日四艘护卫舰船离开去加油
May 3. Four escort ships
have left to refuel.
在恶劣天气里十艘商船失去联络
In bad weather ten merchant
ships have lost contact.
一排U型潜艇正等着
A line of U-boats is waiting.
当它们在5月4日开来的时候,
As they move in on 4 May,
来自加拿大的飞机击沉了
一艘并损伤了另一艘
aircraft from Canada
sink one and damage another.
在下午大约4点半到5点钟
At about half past four to
five o'clock in the afternoon
鱼雷攻击开始了
the torpedoing started.
我向两艘船发射了鱼雷,
Well, I torpedoed two ships,
(哈特威格·卢克斯上校 U-26♥4♥号♥潜艇舰长)
每艘打了两发鱼雷,
each with two torpedoes,
这两艘船其中之一...
and one of these ships...
它没有爆♥炸♥
Well, it didn't explode,
但在鱼雷的爆♥炸♥声后另一次大爆♥炸♥发生了
but after the explosion of the torpedoes
another big explosion happened.
我向后看我看见船长
l looked back and I saw the captain.
(罗德尼·斯通准将商船"加林达"号♥)
我想那舰桥很可能...
l would suggest the bridge
was probably...
哦,离水面10或15英尺,可能还更高一些,
oh, 10 or 15 feet,might be
a little more, off the water
当他从舰桥的侧翼跳入海中
when he jumped off the wing
of the bridge into the sea.
附近有个救生筏,我知道
There was a life raft
nearby, I know that.
我不能停下并把他捞起来
Well, I couldn't stop and pick him up.
恩,在...哦,我想在半分钟后
我自己也被命中一颗鱼雷
And, well, it was in...oh,I suppose a matter
of half a minute that I got one myself.
我又一次幸运地穿过了两艘护卫舰船之间的缺口
Once more I was lucky by slipping through
into a gap between two of the escort vessels
钻进了船队的左侧队列,
and closing into the port