二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E25

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

(Ambrose) A better world was going to emerge,
这一部分当然就是一个非殖民化
的世界,一个民族自决的世界
one part of this,of course,is a non-colonial
world, a world of self-determination.
而在1945年这一点被非常深地感受到了,
And this was felt very deeply in 1945,
甚至是被世界上最见利忘义的领导人
even by the most cynical
of the world's leaders.
我怀疑甚至斯大林也有这种感受
l suspect even Stalin felt it.
我肯定哈里·杜鲁门有这种感受
l'm sure that Harry Truman felt it.
温斯顿·丘吉尔有这种感受
任何地方的普通人都有这种感受
And Winston Churchill felt it.
The common people everywhere felt it.
即使处于战败之中,德国仍然是欧洲问题的关键
Germany remains,even in defeat,
the key to the problems of Europe.
她挑起了这场战争,
所以她的领导人必须受到惩罚
She started the war,
so her leaders have to be punished.
德国人自己必须为他们导致的苦难付出代价
The Germans themselves have to be made
to pay for the suffering they have caused.
但如果德国一直是一堆瓦砾或象一些人希望
的那样整个国家被肢解了,他们也无法赔偿
But they cannot pay if Germany remains a heap of
rubble,or if the country is dismembered,as some wish.
没人想要德国再次强大,
No one wants Germany to be strong again,
但也没人能面对永远让她成为一个废墟的后果
yet no one can face the consequences
of keeping her a ruin forever.
答案:军事管制
The answer: military control.
四支占领军将监督德国的复苏
Four armies of occupation
will supervise Germany's recovery.
警惕的盟军将领将重建她,
The watchful Allied generals
will build her up,
但只是为了把她所摧毁的东西重新造好
but only in order to make good again
what she has destroyed.
德国能保持完整,统一,
Germany can remain whole, united,
但必须永远不能再次威胁和平
but must never be able
to threaten the peace again.
1945年7月
July 1945.
军事管理开始进行
The military administration
gets under way.
美国部队占领了莱比锡,
American troops have occupied Leipzig,
一个在俄♥国♥占领区内的城市
a city well within
the Russian zone of occupation.
现在美国人后撤了...向西,越过易北河
Now the Americans pull back...
west, across the River Elbe.
俄♥国♥人开了进来
The Russians move in.
德国人...小心翼翼,警惕,紧张地笑着...
The Germans...wary, watchful,nervously smiling...
第一次看到了他们的俄♥国♥征服者
see their Russian conquerors
for the first time.
当战斗停止时,各支军队停在了这里
When the fighting stopped,
the armies ended up here.
但占领区已在之前的雅尔塔"三巨头"会议上被决定了
But the occupation zones had been decided
earlier,at the Big Three conference at Yalta.
将会有四个占领区
There were to be four zones.
俄♥国♥占领区拥有食物和原材料
The Russian zone had the food and raw materials.
西方占领区...美国,英国,
法国(占领区)...拥有工业
The Western zones... American,
British, French... had the industry.
为了使占领能象打算的那样奏效,
For the occupation to work as intended,
在占领区之间将必须进行贸易
there would have to be trade
between them.
首都柏林成为了盟军管制委员会的总部所在地...
Berlin, the capital, became the home
of the Allied Control Council...
一个一起共事的计划的试验场
a testing ground for the plan to work together.
(查尔斯·博伦美国国♥务♥院♥ 1945)
曾有过一些质疑关于我们是否有些过早地把这些控制区固定
下来直到我们看到军队将如何(从目前占领的地区)出来
Now,there's been some question as to whether we weren't
a little premature in fixing these zones until
we saw how the armies were going to come out.
有一些证据显示我们的领导人低估了
And there's some evidence to indicate
that our leaders underestimated
入侵欧洲的英美军队的战斗力,
the striking force of the Anglo-American
armies that invaded Europe,
因为当我们接收占领区的阵地时
because when we adopted
the zonal positions
我们放弃了萨克森和图林根
we gave up Saxony and Thuringia.
但在另一方面,我们拿回了奥地利西部的大♥片♥地区,
But on the other hand, we got back,
I think,good pieces of Western Austria,
这里曾被苏联人占领
which had been occupied by the Soviets.
这里引人注目的事情是俄♥国♥人的确让
西方国家进入位于其占领区80英里的柏林
The thing that stands out here is that
the Russians do let the West come into
Berlin,which is 80 miles within their zone.
他们不必这么做的
They didn't have to do it.
他们本可以象他们在波兰
采取的行为那样在柏林行事
They could have acted in Berlin
as they acted in Poland.
他们本可以只说, "去你的我们不让你们进来"
They could have just said, "To hell
with you. We're not letting you in."
"我们在这一点上将不会履行
我们在雅尔塔签署的协议"
"We're not going to live up to the
agreements we signed at Yalta on this."
"我们将紧紧抓住柏林不放...
"We're going to hold on to Berlin...
毕竟,我们夺取了它,我们付出了代价
10万俄♥国♥人(为占林柏林而)牺牲"
after all, we captured it, we paid
the cost. 100,000 Russians died."
柏林,1945年7月
Berlin, July 1945.
三巨头召开波茨坦会议
The Big Three meet
for the Potsdam Conference.
这次胜利者们的第一次会议
的议事日程安排得很密集
A crowded agenda for this
first meeting of victors.
但对西方来说,
有一个问题占首要地位:
But for the West,
one question dominates:
斯大林要什么?
what does Stalin want?
在我们的首次会议上,斯大林立即提出了
直到波茨坦会议俄♥国♥人都一直坚持的要求
At our first meetings, Stalin put forward at
once the demands which the Russians maintained
right through until the meeting at Potsdam.
(安东尼·艾登亚芬伯爵英国外交大臣 1945)
他所要的基本上就是要确保他自己国家的安全,
What he wanted was basically to ensure
the security of his own country,
而不考虑他的邻居们的利益
regardless of the interests
of his neighbours.
在战争期间我当然见过他很多次
l'd seen a good deal of him
during the war,of course.
(埃夫里尔·哈里曼美国驻莫斯科大使 1945)
我走向他并说,"大元帅,这一定让您非常满足,
I went up to him and I said, "Marshall,
this must be a great satisfaction to you,
在您经过了所有这些崎岖小道
和您经历的悲剧之后,来到柏林这里"
after all the trials that you've been through and the
tragedy that you've been through, to be here in Berlin."
他看着我说道,"沙皇亚历山大一世打到了巴黎"
(亚历山大一世在1814年的拿破仑战争中攻入巴黎)
And he looked at me and said,
"Tsar Alexander got to Paris."
这次会议没有对欧洲作出新的决定
The conference takes no new
decisions about Europe.
它仅仅确认了六个月前在雅尔塔决定的事情
lt simply confirms what was decided
at Yalta six months before.
新的东西是气氛
What is new is the mood.
尽管为新闻片镜头作出微笑的表情,
Despite smiles for the newsreels,
西方领导人和斯大林并合不来
the Western leaders
and Stalin do not get on.
感觉...特别是在美国,
(Ambrose) The feeling...
especially in the States,
尤其是杜鲁门总统的感觉是...
and most especially with
President Truman was...
啊哈,斯大林就是另一个希♥特♥勒♥
Aha,Stalin was another Hitler.
他们并不认为,"欧,我们在战争中
犯了一个大错误支持了错误的一方"
They didn't think,"Oh,we made a great mistake
in the war and backed the wrong side"
他们完全清楚希♥特♥勒♥是个大得多的威胁
They were perfectly clear that Hitler
was much the greater menace.
希♥特♥勒♥必须被消灭,
and Hitler had to be crushed,
而消灭希♥特♥勒♥绝对得依靠苏联红军
and the crushing of Hitler absolutely
depended upon the Red Army.
红军在欧洲有300个师
The Red Army has 300 divisions in Europe.
他们是斯大林的王牌,
They are Stalin's trump card,
在谈判桌上他力量的源泉
the source of his strength
at the conference table.
突然你要面对这么个事实
那就是美国人正在复员...
(Ambrose) Suddenly you were faced with the
fact that the Americans were demobilising...
或更确切地说,在召开波茨坦会议时,
他们正在重新部署,
or rather, at the time of Potsdam,
they were redeploying,
把军队撤出欧洲,把它拉回美国
pulling the army out of Europe,
taking it back to the States
并做好把它派往日本的准备,
and getting it ready to send over to Japan,
因为他们当时预计将不得不入侵本土来最终打败日本
because they expected at that time to have to invade
the home islands for the final defeat of Japan.
我被邀请去见杜鲁门总统
l was invited to see President Truman.
(蒙巴顿勋爵盟军东南亚战区最高司令)
他关上了所有的门并极其保密地
告诉了我这场战争中最大的秘密:
And he shut all the doors and told me in
great secrecy the greatest secret of the war:
美国人已拥有了一枚原♥子♥弹♥的事实,
the fact that the Americans
had an atomic bomb,
而他们将很快将其投在日本,
which they were going to drop very soon,
而他认为这将会结束战争
and which he thought
would bring the war to an end.
他甚至说他作出这个决定的理由是
这将拯救成千上万盟军将士的生命,
He even said his reason for his decision was this
would save thousands upon thousands of Allied lives,