二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E24

Part 4 June 6, 2022, 8:35 a.m.

there existed still the neutrality pact,
所以这是唯一一扇打开着的
可以进行和平努力的窗户...
and so this was the only window open
for peace endeavours...
而这扇窗面向北方
and this window looked towards the north.
所以我们与军方领导人据理力争,
And so we argued it out
with the military command,
军方领导人最终,勉强地,
and the military command finally, reluctantly,
答应了我们的请求那就是为了到达最终的目的地,
也就是华盛顿和伦敦,我们(应该)开始与苏联谈判
acceded to our request that we start negotiations
with the Soviet Union in order to arrive at the
final destination,which was Washington and London.
但斯大林会见的是中国外♥交♥部♥长
(王世杰),而不是日本外♥交♥部♥长
But it was the Chinese foreign minister, not
the Japanese,that Stalin had been meeting.
一支庞大的日军仍然占领着
中国的部分地区,包括满洲
A huge Japanese army still occupied
parts of China, including Manchuria.
俄♥国♥人和中国人正在磋商
斯大林向那支日军进攻的条件
The Russians and Chinese were negotiating terms
under which Stalin would attack that army.
当杜鲁门在7月7日出发去欧洲
会见斯大林和丘吉尔时,
When Truman sailed to Europe on July 7
to meet Stalin and Churchill,
通过被截获的消息,他知道了
日本想要结束这场战争,
he knew, through intercepted messages,
that Japan wanted an end to the war,
但不是无条件投降
but not unconditional surrender.
杜鲁门和伯恩斯现在有几个可选择的选项...
Truman and Byrnes now had
several options open to them...
他们可以修改投降条件,
they could modify the surrender terms,
他们可以鼓励俄♥国♥人入侵满洲,
they could encourage the Russians
to invade Manchuria,
他们可以展示原♥子♥弹♥,他们可以入侵日本本土
they could demonstrate the atomic bomb,
they could invade Japan itself.
但杜鲁门决定他将没有警告地在日本投下原♥子♥弹♥
But Truman decided that he would drop
atomic bombs on Japan without warning.
仅此一点,他希望,就能在俄♥国♥人
参战前迅速结束太平洋战争
This alone, he hoped,would end the Pacific
war quickly,before the Russians joined in.
而这能极大地加强美国在欧洲讨价还价的能力
And it would immensely strengthen
American bargaining power in Europe.
当杜鲁门在7月15日抵达"三巨头"会议时
已经作出(投放原♥子♥弹♥的)决定
The decision had already been taken when Truman
arrived for the "big three" meeting on July 15.
第二天早晨,就在黎明前,
在新墨西哥州遥远的沙漠里的一个地点,
The next morning, just before dawn,
at a remote desert site in New Mexico,
罗伯特·奥本海默("曼哈顿计划"负责人)和
设计并建造了原♥子♥弹♥的团队目睹了第一次原子爆♥炸♥
Robert Oppenheimer and the team that had designed and
built the bomb witnessed the first atomic explosion.
我记得印度教的经♥文♥,
"薄伽梵歌♥"中有这么几句话:
I remembered the line from the
Hindu scripture,the Bhagavad-Gita:
(罗伯特·奥本海默全国广播公♥司♥录像)
毗湿奴(印度教主神)试图说服(阿朱那)王子
他应该恪守职责(参加战斗),
Vishnu is trying to persuade the prince
that he should do his duty,
为了给王子留下深刻印象
他展现了他有多条手臂的神身
and to impress him
takes on his multi-armed form
并说, "现在我变成了死神,世界的毁灭者"
and says, "Now I am become death,
the destroyer of worlds."
我想我们都以某种方式想到了那句话
l suppose we all thought that,
one way or another.
这枚钚弹爆♥炸♥的威力相当于20,000吨♥TNT炸♥药♥
The plutonium bomb exploded
with a force of 20,000 tons of TNT.
位于爆♥炸♥点的沙漠被变成了玻璃
The desert at the point of the explosion
was turned into glass.
到1945年7月日本的经济正在崩溃
By July 1945 Japan's economy was crumbling
而她的城市面对B-29轰炸机的空袭毫无防御能力
and her cities were defenceless
against the B-29 raids.
尽管她的陆军依然几乎完整,
Although her army
remained virtually intact,
但日本的战争工业被粉碎了
Japan's war industries were smashed.
100万平民已死亡
One million civilians had died.
还有数百万人无家可归
Millions more were homeless.
美国空军对日本离投降只有几周时间毫不怀疑
The US Air Force had no doubts
that surrender was only weeks away.
对他们来说这是一个绝望的局面
(LeMay) It was a hopeless situation for 'em.
B-29轰炸机正在随意飞临日本上空
而他们对此无计可施
And the B-29s were flying over Japan at will
and they couldn't do anything about it.
我们能够在不遭到什么抵抗
的情况下随意摧毁任何目标
We could destroy any target at will
without much opposition.
(柯蒂斯·李梅将军)
所以在他们所面对的这个无望的局势下,
So with this hopeless situation
they were facing,
他们没有了继续战斗下去的意志
they just didn't have the will
to continue.
事实上,在他们实际投降前的大约三个月里
他们一直在试图停止这场战争
In the matter of fact, they'd been trying to get out of
the war for about three months before they actually did.
他们已请求俄♥国♥人当中间人,
They'd asked the Russians
to be an intermediary,
试图通过谈判结束战争,
to try to negotiate them out of the war,
而俄♥国♥人一直在拖延直到他们把欧洲战事结束掉
and the Russians had been stalling till
they'd got the European war finished
那样他们能在太平洋战争结束前参战
so they could get into the
Pacific war before it ended.
在斯大林和莫洛托夫离开莫斯科去参加十年之内的最后一次
"三巨头"会议前,他们拒绝接见日本大使(佐藤尚武)
Stalin and Molotov refused to see the
Japanese ambassador before they left Moscow
for the last "big three" meeting for ten years.
(美国)战争部长史汀生也在波茨坦
Also at Potsdam was Secretary of War Stimson.
他把原♥子♥弹♥试验的具体消息
传达给了杜鲁门和伯恩斯...
He passed on detailed news of
the atomic test to Truman and Byrnes...
而他在他的日记中特别提到,
他们都非常高兴
who, he noted in his diary,
were immensely pleased.
"总统为这个消息而感到极其振奋
"The president was tremendously pepped up by it
(麦克乔治·本迪史汀生的传记作者)
当我看到他时他再三地对我谈到此事"
and spoke to me of it again
and again when I saw him."
"他说它给了他一种完全自信的新感觉"
"He said it gave him an entirely
new feeling of confidence."
而当第二天史汀生告诉
丘吉尔这次成功的试验时,
And when Stimson told Churchill
about the successful test the next day,
丘吉尔说他现在明白了杜鲁门为什么
会这么兴奋了而他也有同样的感觉
Churchill said he now understood how this pepping-up
of Truman had taken place and that he felt the same way.
英国人和美国人现在就是否告诉
俄♥国♥人关于原♥子♥弹♥的事进行了争论
The British and Americans now debated
whether to tell the Russians about the bomb.
一些人主张说它作为一个外交杠杆的完整作用
只有在它被投在了日本以后才会变得明显
Some argued that its full weight as a diplomatic lever
would only become evident after it had been dropped on Japan.
在一次会议后,就当我们休会时,
After one of our meetings,
just as we adjourned,
(安东尼·艾登亚芬伯爵英国外交大臣 1945)
杜鲁门和他的翻译走向斯大林
Truman went up with his interpreter to Stalin
并简要地告诉他我们已经发现了什么
以及原♥子♥弹♥的效果会是怎么样的
and told him briefly what we had discovered
and what the effect of the atomic bomb would be.
而斯大林所做的只是点了点头
并十分简略地说了声"谢谢",
And all Stalin did was to nod his head
and say "Thank you" quite curtly,
他的表情没有任何变化
他对此事的反应仅此而已
and his expression changed in no way
and that was all there was to it.
这非常令人失望
(McCloy) It was a tremendous disappointment.
我们本以为他会对此事大吃一惊
但他就象它不存在一样没有理会
We thought he would be flabbergasted at this thing
but he just passed it off as if inexistent.
他是否知道它(的存在),
Whether he knew about it,
他是否不想对此显示出任何强烈的情感,
whether he didn't want to show
any great emotion in regard to it,
我不得而知
l don't know.
(约翰·麦克洛伊助理战争部长 1945)
我所知道的是他大踏步地
All I know is that he took it
very much in his stride
而且多少令我们失望地,继续
讨论议事日程上的下一件事
and, somewhat to our disappointment,
went on to the next item in the agenda.
而这令史汀生十分沮丧因为他本来以为,
And this rather dismayed Stimson
because he thought that,
一旦披露了此事,
once having disclosed this,
苏联方面会立即强烈要求坐下并与我们商谈
there would be immediately a great rush on the
part of the Soviets to sit down and talk to us
关于这东西(原♥子♥弹♥)未来可能的影响
以及它未来会如何使用
about the future implications of this thing
and what the future uses of it would be.
但他根本没有得到任何鼓励
But he got no encouragement at all.
史汀生的战术失败了..."三巨头"在
原子武器的全部威力被揭示之前就会面了
Stimson's tactics had misfired...the
"big three" had met before the full power
of the atomic weapon was revealed.
史汀生还害怕从此以后,国务卿伯恩斯会利用
原♥子♥弹♥来试图对俄♥国♥人直接施压要求让步
And Stimson feared that from now on, Secretary
of State Byrnes would use the bomb to try to
lever direct concessions from the Russians.
我倒觉得伯恩斯先生有一些这种想法那就是
这东西在外交交易中将会是一种支撑点
l rather think that Mr Byrnes had something
of the thought that this would be a sort of
point of leverage in diplomatic exchanges,
尽管我认为史汀生先生...或史汀生上校...
whereas I think Mr Stimson...
or Colonel Stimson...
对原♥子♥弹♥的使用有不同的看法
had a different idea
of the use of the bomb.