二战全史（1973）

The World At War S01E08

Part 2 June 6, 2022, 8:33 a.m.

The man Hitler chose
to save Mussolini from disaster
前一个夏天在法国出了名...
had made his name in France
the summer before...
埃尔温·隆美尔
Erwin Rommel.
41年2月/3月,在的黎波里港,
ln the port of Tripoli
in February/March '41,
隆美尔告诉我的朋友亨特中尉,一个工兵:
Rommel told my friend
Lieutenant Hunt,an engineer:
"亨特, 这里你能给我造150辆坦克"
"Hunt, here you can build me 150 tanks."
这人看上去目瞪口呆,隆美尔告诉他:
The man looked stupefied,
and Rommel told him:
"你在这港口里有没有木头和帆船的帆布
"Don't you have timber
here in the harbour and canvas of sails
来给大众汽车造150个伪装?"
to make 150 covers for Volkswagen?"
"那你就能给我150辆坦克"
"So you can give me 150 tanks."
而那些"坦克"欺骗了英国人
And those tanks misled the British.
隆美尔至今对沙漠战还一无所知,
但他大胆而又勇敢
Rommel as yet knew nothing about desert
warfare, but he was bold and daring.
隆美尔或许是这个战区的理想指挥官
Rommel was perhaps the ideal
commander for this war theatre.
(这个战区)地方非常广阔,
lt was very wide in area,
但士兵数量非常有限,
but very limited in numbers of soldiers,
所以他能运用几乎是海军的战术
and so he could apply
practically naval tactics.
城镇和城市非常少
(Westphal) Towns and cities were very few
所以,我们和阿♥拉♥伯居民没什么麻烦
and, therefore, we had no difficulties
with the Arabian population.
他们不会妨碍我们
They didn't disturb us.
非洲军团到达到晚,他们就被命令去前线
The very same evening the Afrika Korps
arrived, they were ordered to the front.
隆美尔信奉进攻,而且是快速地
Rommel believed in attack, and quickly.
在三月的最后一天,当承诺的
部队甚至还没全部在非洲登陆,
On the last day of March, when not all the
troops promised had even landed in Africa,
他就向在阿尔-阿盖拉的英国人发动了进攻,
he took on the British at El Agheila,
在仅仅12天里就把他们
推回500英里,赶回了埃及
and in just 12 days pushed them back
the 500 miles to Egypt.
就好象夜魔人就在角落附近一样
It was as if the bogeyman
was just round the corner.
(经常听到)"隆美尔来了,"
lt was "Here comes Rommel,"
或"隆美尔很快就从沙漠那头
杀过来了快逃离这里"
or "Rommel's coming down the desert
fast. Get the hell out of it."
现在轮到英国人成千成千地被俘了
Now it was the British turn
to be taken prisoner in their thousands.
隆美尔命令我前进,
于是我们到达了德尔纳,
Rommel told me to go ahead
and we reached Derna,
在途中逐个捉到遇见的英国士兵和将军
picking up on our way English soldiers
and generals who came in one by one.
在他们中,就有著名的奥康纳将军
Amongst them,the famous General O'Connor.
这是在我们自己战线后方数英里
(O'Connor) It was miles
behind our own front.
我们开车到了某处沙漠
正好德国人派了支侦察群到那儿
We drove into the one bit of desert in which
the Germans had sent a reconnaissance group.
这非常令人震惊,我从没
想到这会发生在我身上
lt was a great shock, and I never
thought it would happen to me.
或许是(我)过于自以为是了
Very conceited, perhaps.
就这样隆美尔的传奇成型了
And so the Rommel legend
took shape.
到了8月中旬,他已经把英国人
赶回了他们出发的地方
By mid-April, he had driven
the British back where they had started.
但一个针♥刺♥孔留了下来...托布鲁克
But one pinprick remained... Tobruk.
(位于)前线之后100英里,
其澳大利亚守备部队坚持了下来,
100 miles behind the front,
its Australian garrison held out,
令隆美尔无法得到一个宝贵
的前沿港口来获取他的补给
denying Rommel a precious forward port
for his supplies.
只要托布鲁克仍在英国人的手上,
它就威胁着隆美尔的补给线
As long as Tobruk remained in British hands,
it threatened Rommel's supply lines
并阻碍他进一步推进进入埃及
and deterred him from advancing
any further into Egypt.
无法通过直接攻击夺取托布鲁克,
隆美尔准备围困它
Unable to take Tobruk by direct assault,
Rommel prepared to besiege it.
德国空军也被召来
The Luftwaffe, too, were called in.
超过1000次空袭被用来对付托布鲁克
Over 1,000 raids
were mounted against Tobruk.
就在隆美尔的鼻子底下,
Right under Rommel's nose,
皇家海军用生力军替换了
托布鲁克的守备部队...
the Royal Navy replaced Tobruk's
garrison with fresh troops...
波兰人,南非人,印度人,英国人
Poles, South Africans, lndians, British.
在托布鲁克给养勉强够用
It was bare rations in Tobruk.
尽管你必须感谢海军
他们干得非常出色
Although one must thank the navy.
They did a wonderful job.
1941年皇家海军统治了地中海
ln 1941 the Royal Navy
ruled the Mediterranean.
自从前一个秋天在塔兰托给强大的
意大利舰队一顿好揍后他们就做到了这点
They had done so since giving the powerful ltalian
fleet a bloody nose at Taranto the previous autumn.
所以英国船队能相对没有麻烦地穿过地中海
And so British convoys made their way through
the Mediterranean relatively unmolested.
更重要的是,从马耳他出发,
More importantly, operating from Malta,
皇家海军能够骚扰隆美尔的
从意大利到的黎波里的船队
the Royal Navy could harass Rommel's
own convoys passing from ltaly to Tripoli.
英国人的补给到达了目的地,
而隆美尔的却没有
The British supplies got through,
while Rommel's didn't.
由于(没有燃料)无法让他的
装甲部队进行必要的巡逻,
Denied the petrol
necessary for his panzers,
那个夏天隆美尔没能更进一步地进入埃及
Rommel couldn't advance
any further into Egypt that summer.
而更糟的是,无论他如何努力尝试,
And, worse, no matter how hard he tried,
隆美尔就是拿不下托布鲁克
Rommel couldn't take Tobruk.
它依旧是他侧面的一根刺,而且
也成为了英国人顽固的一个象征
lt remained a thorn in his side, and
became too a symbol of British doggedness
就跟丘吉尔的斗牛犬般的脸一样
every bit as much as Churchill's bulldog face.
我们被环形防线上
高声刺耳的喇叭所缠扰
We were pestered with blaring
loudspeakers on the perimeter.
我们被称为托布鲁克的自我拘禁的囚犯
We were called the self-imposed
prisoners of Tobruk
隆美尔的宣传机器对我们
吼叫着要我们放弃
and Rommel's propaganda machine
bellowed at us to give up.
我们只是不去理会
我们说,"我们会坚持到底"
Well, we just took no notice.
We said, "We'll stick it out."
我们知道他们进不来
We knew that they couldn't get in.
自从从敦刻尔克撤退以来
在隧♥道♥的尽头根本就没有过亮光
There had been no light at the end of the tunnel
at all since the withdrawal from Dunkirk.
(约翰·哈丁♥元♥帅时任英国第七装甲师师长)
我想为了政♥治♥的,以及最重要的,为了士气的原因...
I think for political and,
above all, for morale reasons...
(约翰·哈丁♥元♥帅时任英国第七装甲师师长)
这个国家的人♥民♥的士气...
the morale of the people of this country...
显示出我们能抵挡住德国人是极其重要的
it was terribly important
to show that we could hold the Germans.
沙漠战争暂时陷入僵局,
The Desert War for the
moment was in stalemate,
正是评估战术和盘点补给的时候
a time for taking stock of tactics
as well as supplies.
隆美尔的战术要比英国人的更有效,
Rommel's tactics were more effective
than those of the British,
尤其是他对坦克的使用
especially in his use of tank.
我们受过在移♥动♥中开火的训练,
(Belchem) We had been trained
to fire on the move,
来执行那种履带上的骑兵冲锋,
to execute the sort of
cavalry charge on tracks,
并以那种方式操纵坦克
and handle armour in that way.
在一二次大战之间德国人
研究这个问题比我们多得多
The Germans had studied this problem
much more than we between the wars
还有,当然,隆美尔在法国北部
(的战役中)获得了经验
and also, of course, Rommel had
experience from northern France
他的许多坦克乘员也是
and so had many of his tank crews.
他们意识到坦克对付
其敌人的最好做法
And they appreciated that the tank's
best action against his enemy
就是停在一个可以隐藏
车身的位置,等他开过来
is to wait for him to come on,
sitting in a hull-hidden position.
如果他们在开阔地被发现了
lf they're caught in the open,
就把敌人引到他们自己的反坦克炮阵地前
to decoy the enemy
onto their own antitank gun lines.
隆美尔的主要反坦克武器是
克虏伯(公♥司♥)制♥造♥的88mm(高射炮)
Rommel's main antitank
weapon was the Krupp-made 88mm.
它在1940年5月大批消灭了法国坦克
lt had decimated the French tanks