战争（2007）

The War S01E02

Part 4 May 17, 2021, 11:48 a.m.

“就是相信我们终于渡过了困难时期
"is to believe we are at last
over the hump.
“事实上在这里我们都知道
"For actually...
and over here we all know it...
最糟糕的还没来临”
the worst is yet to come."
厄尼.派尔
Ernie Pyle.
一支15万男人、女人和儿童组成的大军
An army of
150,000 men, women, and children
侵入了一个美国城市
invaded an American city...
白人、黑人、印第安人、克里奥耳人、卡津人
whites, Negroes, Indians,
Creoles, Cajuns.
他们从世界各地赶来
They came from every corner
of the land,
他们的根在地球上的每一个角落
their roots in every curve
of the globe...
印第安纳州莫斯科、北达科他州华沙、加州汉堡
Moscow, Indiana; Warsaw, North
Dakota; Hamburg, California;
密苏里州米兰、肯塔基州巴格达
Milan, Missouri;
Baghdad, Kentucky.
有些人出于爱国主义有些人迫不得已
Some came out of patriotism,
some out of grim necessity,
有些人为了更富裕的生活
some for a richer life.
所有人都赶来从事战时工作
All came to do a war job.
一百个美国巨大的战时中心之中
This could be any one
of a hundred
任何一个可能都是如此
great American war centers.
这里说的是阿♥拉♥巴马州的莫比尔
It happens to be
Mobile, Alabama,
但美国每一个战时城镇的故事都与之类似
but the story is the same
in every war town in America.
大萧条期间长♥期♥失业困扰莫比尔
The chronic unemployment
that had eaten at Mobile
和其他美国城镇达十多年之久
and every other American town
for more than a decade
现在结束了
during the Depression was over.
闲置的工厂重新开工
Idle factories were back
in business.
大规模生产是美国人的发明
Mass production
was an American invention,
但现在它达到的水平
but now it reached levels
是其发明者从没想到的
its inventors
could never have imagined.
几乎所有的制♥造♥业都被转化为战时生产
Nearly all manufacturing
was converted to the war effort.
1941年美国生产了
In 1941, more than three million
cars had been manufactured
超过300万辆轿车
in the United States.
整个战争期间却只生产了139辆
Only 139 more were made
during the entire war.
克莱斯勒转为生产飞机机身
Instead,
Chrysler made fuselages.
通用汽车生产飞机引擎
General Motors made
airplane engines,
大炮、卡车和坦克
guns, trucks, and tanks.
在密歇根州伊普西兰蒂巨大的威楼峦工厂
And at its vast Willow Run plant
in Ypsilanti, Michigan...
67英亩的装配线置于一整个屋顶之下
67 acres of assembly lines under
a single roof
一位观察者称之为
that one observer called
“机械世界的大峡谷”
"the Grand Canyon
of the mechanized world"...
福特汽车公♥司♥一天24小时
the Ford Motor Company performed
something like a miracle
创造着奇迹
24 hours a day.
福特汽车平均有1.5万个零件
The average Ford car
had some 15,000 parts.
B-24解放者远程轰炸机有155万个零件
The B-24 Liberator long-range
bomber had 1,550,000 parts.
每隔63分钟就有一架B-24从威楼峦下线
One came off the line at Willow
Run every 63 minutes.
如果说美军还不能
If the American military
wasn't yet quite equal
与德军或日军抗衡的话
to the Germans or the Japanese,
美国工人制♥造♥舰船和飞机的速度很快将能够
American workers would soon be
able to build ships and planes
超过敌人击沉或击落的速度
faster than the enemy could sink
them or shoot them down.
到这年底
By the end of the war,
全世界一半以上的
more than one-half of
all the industrial production
工业生产将在美国进行
in the world would take place
in the United States.
莫比尔是
Mobile was among
全美增长最快的战时城镇之一
the fastest-growing
of all American war towns.
甚至在战争开始前
Even before the war began,
有影响力的民♥主♥党众议院弗兰克.柏金为他所在城市
powerful Democratic Congressman
Frank Boykin landed his city
赢得了2600万美元的国防合同
a $26 million defense contract
that transformed
将市政机场改为布鲁克利军用机场
the municipal airport
into Brookley Field,
成为陆军航♥空♥队主要的补给站
a major Army Air Force
supply depot
和轰炸机改装中心
and bomber modification center
提供了1.7万个文职岗位
that provided
17,000 civilian jobs.
1940年海湾造船厂有240名雇员
In 1940, Gulf Shipbuilding
had had 240 employees.
到1943年雇员是11600人
By 1943, it had 11,600.
同一时期
In the same period,
亚拉巴马干船坞的工人从1千人增加到近3万人
Alabama Dry Dock went from 1,000
workers to almost 30,000.
其中包括未来的乡村音乐明星汉克.威廉姆斯
They included Hank Williams,
the future country music star,
以及未来的全垒打棒球手汉克.亚伦的父母
and the parents of future
home run hitter Hank Aaron.
一周干活7天
It was seven days a week.
而在战争期间工厂变得非常强大时
And during the war
when it was so strong,
克莱德.奥德姆亚拉巴马州莫比尔
一天干12小时每周5天周六干10小时
it was 12-hour days, five days
a week, ten hours on Saturday.
周日干8小时...你感觉就像放了一星期假
Eight hours on Sunday... you felt
like you've had a week off.
有那么多的人涌来
There was such
an influx of people
以至你们彼此厌烦
that you got on
each other's nerves.
没有足够的酒馆
And there wasn't enough,
uh, watering holes
来招待所有人
to entertain everybody.
因此他们出去喝酒打架
And so they'd get out
and have fights and drink
诸如此类的事情
and all that kind of stuff.
非裔美国人从南方各地
African-Americans
streamed into Mobile
涌入莫比尔寻找国防工作岗位
from all over the South
in search of defense work
和生活新起点
and a fresh start.
他们如愿以偿
They found both.
但他们也发现了某种歧视
But they also found
the same kind of discrimination
跟在家乡遇到的一模一样
they had known at home.
莫比尔是个相当公平的城市
Mobile was a
pretty fair-minded city.
在此之前只要你保持现状
And before this time, whites and
blacks got along pretty good
白人和黑人就能相处得很好
as long as you had
the status quo.
约翰.格雷亚拉巴马州莫比尔
但当黑人开始拥有住房♥
Uh, but when blacks began
to get homes,
买♥♥♥房♥♥子开大汽车
to buy homes and to ride
in big cars,
一些人的想法改变了
uh, it turned some people off.
警♥察♥会拦下你给你一张罚单
The policemen would stop you
and give you a ticket.
我表兄吃了一张罚单
My cousin got a ticket
因为在限速15英里区域开了16迈
for driving 16 miles an hour
in a 15-mile zone.
15万人整整10个师
150,000 people,
ten full military divisions...
相当于隆美尔整个非洲军团的平民大军
the civilian equivalent of
Rommel's entire African army...
突如其来的在一个南方小城的
bivouacked without warning
in the narrow confines
狭窄区域露营
of one peaceful Southern city.
不到3年前也许你走过莫比尔几个街区
Less than three years ago,
you might have walked blocks
不会遇到一个人
in Mobile without encountering
a person.
今天你若停下来挠挠头
Today you stop to scratch
your head
身后就会排成长队