战争（2007）

The War S01E01

Part 15 May 17, 2021, 11:48 a.m.

Luverne, Minnesota.
“他们可以把任何影星派去
"They can send all
the movie stars they want
“参加全国性的战争债券销♥售♥活动
"on countrywide
war bond sales drives,
“但对我们来说莫德.乔奇姆斯
"but for our part,
we'll take Maude Jochims
才是公认的最佳债券销♥售♥员无论男女”
as the best bond salesman...
or saleswoman... of them all."
“星期三下午我们去了‘Palace’影院
"We stopped in at the Palace
Wednesday afternoon,
“他们销♥售♥还有8000美元的缺口
"and they were going
to fall $8,000 short.
“于是莫德一个女人单枪匹马
"Then Maude,
as a one-woman campaign,
“奋力游说罗克县的资助者
"waded in to canvass
Rock County patrons.
“债券订单不断涌来
"The bond orders poured in
总数超过了4.8万美元”
and the total was boosted
over $48,000."
艾尔.麦金托什《罗克县星报》
Al McIntosh,
Rock County Star Herald.
这是1942年的俄♥国♥前线
This was
the Russian front in 1942.
德国人向前推进
The Germans advanced, looting,
一路劫掠、用刑、谋杀
torturing,
murdering as they went.
伤亡人数达数百万
The casualties ran
into the millions.
他们长驱直入俄♥国♥领土达1000英里
They had driven 1,000 miles
deep into Russian territory,
但俄♥国♥实行“焦土”政策
but Russia, with her
"scorched earth" policy,
没有留下任何有价值的东西
left nothing of value behind.
不能收割的小麦被放火焚烧
Wheat, which could not be
harvested, was set afire.
桥梁被炸毁还有水坝、铁路、发电厂
Bridges were blown up, dams,
railroads, power plants.
尽管德军入侵苏联
Although the German
invasion of the Soviet Union
在莫斯科城外陷入僵局
had stalled outside Moscow,
双方都遭受无法形容的损失
with both sides suffering
unspeakable losses,
1942年春纳粹发动新的攻势
a new Nazi offensive
in the spring of 1942
派出超过225个师
had sent more than 225 divisions
向俄♥国♥全线推进
steadily advancing
across Russia.
数百万平民和士兵死亡
Millions of civilians
and soldiers died.
苏联♥总♥理约瑟夫.斯大林要求盟军
Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin
was demanding that the Allies
立即在西线开辟第二战场
immediately open
a second front in the west
以减轻被围困的苏联人♥民♥的压力
to relieve the pressure
on his beleaguered people.
但至今为止
But there was as yet
盟军还没有一名士兵在西欧作战
not a single Allied soldier
fighting in Western Europe,
但这种情况不会持续很久
and there would not be
for a long time.
他们确实没有准备好
They simply weren't ready.
美军规划者有一个直接了当
American planners
had a straightforward idea
打击德军的的想法
of how to beat the Germans:
在1943年春攻入法国
invade France
in the spring of 1943
然后直取柏林
and drive right for Berlin.
但英国人担心操之过急
But the British were wary
of moving too fast.
温斯顿.丘吉尔警告说“兵败法国海岸
"A defeat on the French coast,"
Winston Churchill warned,
是我们有可能输掉战争的唯一方式”
was "the only way in which we
could possibly lose this war."
他反而赞成在北非
Instead, he favored attacking
进攻德国和意大利军队
German and Italian forces
in North Africa.
美军将领们认为进攻非洲
American commanders
thought invading Africa
是转移视线危险而无用
would be a dangerous
and wasteful diversion...
但国会选举即将到来
...but Congressional elections
were coming up.
美国选民渴望
American voters were eager
针对轴心国的更有攻击性的行动
for more offensive action
against the Axis.
罗斯福总统否决了将军们的意见
President Roosevelt
overruled his generals.
进攻被占领的法国的行动被搁置
The invasion of occupied France
would be delayed.
却让美军做好准备
Instead, preparations were made
for American troops
在1942年底登陆北非
to land in North Africa
at the end of 1942.
愤愤不平的陆军总参谋长乔治.C.马歇尔将军
A bitter General George C.
Marshall, Army Chief of Staff,
私下里写道他和他的同僚们
wrote privately that he
and his fellow commanders
“不认为民♥主♥国家的领导人
had "failed to see
that the leader in a democracy
必须让民众开心”
has to keep
the people entertained."
战争期间我确实体会到
I did notice repeatedly
during the war that there would be
身为军中一员会有一种自豪感
a sense of pride
in what you were a part of.
你会感受到军队的力量
You would feel
the power of the military.
你会感受到你身处舰队中的力量
You would feel the power
of the convoy you were in,
希德尼.菲利普斯阿♥拉♥巴马州莫比尔
战舰在你周围
the warships that
were surrounding you,
武器由你负责
the weapons that you
were responsible for.
那是一种奇怪的感觉
It was a strange feeling.
你知道你身处巨大危险中
You knew you were
in great danger,
但你没来由的感到安全
but you somehow felt safe
因为你是这强大集体的一部分
in that you were a part
of this great, powerful group.
1942年8月初
In early August of 1942,
亚拉巴马州莫比尔的三等兵希德尼.菲利普斯
Private Sidney Phillips
of Mobile, Alabama,
和1.9万名陆战一师士兵
and the 19,000 men
of the First Marine Division
驶出新西兰惠灵顿
steamed out
of Wellington, New Zealand,
舰队浩浩荡荡包括所有三艘
in a large convoy,
including all three
在南太平洋的美军航母
of America's carriers
in the South Pacific.
他们的目标如此遥远而模糊
Their target was
so remote, so obscure,
有些军官连名字都难以说清
that some of their officers
had trouble saying its name.
但那年夏天瓜达尔卡纳尔
But that summer, Guadalcanal,
a 90-mile-long island
这个位于所罗门群岛东端、长90英里
at the eastern end
of the Solomon chain,
遍布浓密丛林和椰子园的岛屿
covered with dense jungle
and coconut plantations,
突然间成为
had suddenly become
太平洋上最具战略性的要点之一
one of the most strategically
important spots in the Pacific.
两支独♥立♥的部队
Two separate commands
肩负着反击日军的任务
had the task of pushing
back the Japanese.
道格拉斯.麦克阿瑟将军
General Douglas MacArthur
指挥西南太平洋战区部队
was in command
of the Southwestern Pacific,
受命从新几内亚
assigned to drive
from New Guinea
挺进菲律宾和台♥湾♥
toward the Philippines
and Formosa.
切斯特.W.尼米兹海军上将会让海军陆战队
Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
would use the Marines
攀爬长梯...登上所罗门群岛、吉尔伯特群岛
to climb a longer ladder...
up the Solomons, the Gilberts,
马绍尔群岛、马里亚纳群岛
the Marshalls, the Marianas,
硫磺岛、琉球群岛
the Volcano Islands, the Ryukus.
他将从所罗门群岛开始
He would begin in the Solomons.
日本人已在那里登陆并在瓜达尔卡纳尔岛
The Japanese had made landings
there, and construction crews
努力修筑一条飞机跑道
were hard at work
on an airstrip on Guadalcanal.
如果允许他们完成
If they were allowed