越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E06

Part 6 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:03 p.m.

to justify American
intervention.
为美国介入的合法化找借口
The Gulf of Tonkin had
provided just that.
东京湾事件就是见证
The war in Vietnam appears
planned from the start
越南战争是一场有预谋的行动
with motivations different
其真实动机
from those communicated
to the American people.
完全不同于传达给美国人的信息
The U.S. Department of Justice
美国司法部
gets a restraining order
against publication
在三任政♥府♥之后
after three installments
have been printed.
对出版业实行了禁令
Both the Times and
Washington Post
《纽♥约♥时♥报♥》和《华♥盛♥顿♥邮♥报♥》
take the matter to court
将这件事诉诸法律
and on June 30th
win a six-to-three
6月30日最高法♥院♥判决
Supreme Court victory,
as the court recognizes
赢得了官司
the paper's First
Amendment rights.
法庭赞成宪法第一修正案
Denied their legal victory,
虽然在法律上他们胜诉了
the Nixon Administration charges
但是尼克松政♥府♥控告
Ellsberg and an
apparent accomplice
于I973年以刑事犯罪对埃尔斯伯格
on criminal charges in 1973.
及其同谋者提出诉讼
Ellsberg surrenders
himself to authorities,
埃尔斯伯格屈服于当局
and a grand jury indicts him
陪审团以偷盗
on stealing and holding
secret documents.
及保有机密档案起诉他
A mistrial is called however
虽然最终判定为无效起诉
when it is revealed
that a covert
因为有明确证据表示
White House team
called The Plumbers
一队被称为“管道工”的白宫人员
burglarized the office of
Ellsberg's psychiatrist
于1971年9月夜间盗窃了
in September 1971.
埃尔斯伯格医生的家
The two men, E. Howard
Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy,
霍华德·亨特及戈登·里迪
will eventually lead
to Nixon's downfall.
最终将会把尼克松拉下总统之位
Over in Paris, France,
在法国巴黎
the preliminary peace talks
between Henry Kissinger
亨利·基辛格与北越谈判专家黎德寿
and North Vietnamese
negotiator Le Duc Tho
之间的和平谈判
are stalling,
难以继续
that is, around the
conference table.
因为条约中所有的规定都没有真正实现
Kissinger engages Tho
in secretive peace talks
基辛格提出要与黎德寿
of their own outside
the boundaries of Paris.
在巴黎以外的边界线进行秘密谈判
Nixon wants the war over,
尼克松想要结束战争
especially as he faces
a reelection year.
尤其是在他面对再次竞选的关键时刻
North Vietnam wants freedom
北越想要自♥由♥
to keep troops of their
own in South Vietnam
在南越驻扎自己的军队
as well as an end to
the American's bombing.
同时希望美国停止轰炸
But North Vietnam is determined
但是北越下定决心
to gain more leverage
in negotiations.
要在谈判中获取最大利益
And their method of taking
it is unprecedented.
而他们的做法更是罕见
March 20th, 1972.
1972年3月20日
With American forces diminished
随着美国在南越的驻军
to only 69,000 in South Vietnam,
逐渐减少到只有69000人
the North Vietnamese
decide to strike
北越军决定在敌人
while their opponents
are at their weakest
最虚弱最无防备的时候
and least defended.
发动重击
Their plan is
designed to overtake
他们计划
the South Vietnamese
by sheer brute force
以绝对强力控制南越人♥民♥
and gain more territory.
扩大领土
Their armament is boosted
by Soviet and Chinese aid,
在苏联及中国的帮助下他们的武器得以更新
providing a total of 400
tanks for ground superiority
拥有400辆坦克获得了地面主导权
over the South Vietnamese.
超过了南越
The Easter Offensive
begins at noon
复活节攻势开始于中午
with the North Vietnamese
attacking South Vietnam
北越率先攻击了南越
through three fronts
with heavy tanks
从三个方向派遣了重型坦克
and artillery units.
及炮兵部队
They cross the Demilitarized
Zone and Laotian border.
他们越过非军事区及老挝边境
The attack is also
a test of Nixon
这次袭击也是对尼克松
and his policy of
Vietnamization,
以及他战争越南化理论的试炼
when he's at his most
politically vulnerable.
现在他正处于政♥治♥上最岌岌可危的时刻
Two North Vietnamese divisions,
北越军队一支拥有
a total of about 30,000 troops
近30000人的部队
cross the DMZ into the
northern area of South Vietnam.
穿过了非军事区进入南越北部
Three South Vietnamese divisions
三支南越部队
are taken by surprise
and quickly overwhelmed.
受到突袭并迅速被控制
Only one division is experienced
其中只有一支队伍具备作战经验
while two are no
older than six months.
其他两支队伍组建时长都不足半年
They're also attacked
while two divisions
在两支队伍交接换班的时候
are exchanging positions
具备作战经验的队伍
and are quickly overwhelmed.
也遭受了突袭迅速沦陷
Many of the inexperienced
South Vietnamese troops
南越许多没有作战经验的军队
run for cover rather than
stay behind their artillery
匆忙寻找掩护而非跟在炮兵部队后
to hold the enemy.
去与敌人交锋
The NVA divisions drive
south towards Quang Tri,
国家人♥民♥军向南部广治省开拔
located just north of the
decimated city of Hue.
该省坐落于一片哀鸿的顺化北部
Another division
attacks from the west
另一支部队从西边进攻
out of Laos and toward the
Quang Tri River Valley.
离开老挝向广治河谷行进
The North Vietnamese
cleverly time their offensive
北越军队非常聪明地按照季风盛行风向
for the seasonal monsoon,
分时段进攻
which provides cloud cover
这样就可以以云为庇护
that makes airstrikes
by U.S. forces
使美国空军的空袭计划
practically impossible.
变为不可能
To make matters worse,
更糟糕的是
many South Vietnamese forces
许多南越军队
are either
inexperienced or inept.
既不具备作战经验也不灵活
Camp Carroll, a base standing
卡罗尔基地
between the North Vietnamese
forces and Quang Tri City
位于北越军与广治之间
and boasting 1,500
troops is surrendered
虚夸说有1500人的军队驻扎在周围
with hardly any shots fired.
但几乎没有交火
Another base, My Loc,
is also abandoned.
另一个军事基地禄安也被废弃了
The South Vietnamese
that do counterattack
南越的反击部队
are unable to stop the
North Vietnamese juggernaut
没办法对抗北越的强大攻势
from rolling over
them or forcing them,
既没办法翻盘更无法对抗
along with civilians, to flee.
只能像普通平民一样逃窜
North Vietnamese forces gain
Quang Tri City on May 2nd.
北越军于5月2日控制了广治
But the South
Vietnamese will have
但是南越军队
their day in the city ofAn Loc.
将在禄安得到补偿