越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E02

Part 1 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

- [Voiceover] 1400
Texarkana, it's 5:20.
德克萨肯纳现在是5:20
- [Voiceover] Here's
the KTFS, 20/20 News
这是KTFS电台新闻节目
"For people with vision."
“人之愿景”
- [Voiceover] Artillery
from the Communist side
越共火炮
has been pounding
American position
一直在对美军所在地
south of the demilitarized zone
南部控制区
between the two Vietnams.
进行狂轰滥炸
The firing that
continued throughout
南越选举期间
the South Vietnamese voting
killed 8 U.S. Marines
持续的战火造成8名美军死亡
and wounded 20.
20名受伤
(explosive drumming music)
[音乐]
- [Voiceover] The
conflict in Vietnam
越南战争
spurred on by the Gulf
of Tonkin incident
在东京湾（北部湾旧称）事件的推动下
is on its way to becoming
a full-scale war.
逐渐演变为全面战争
Small numbers of advisers,
随着越来越多的地区
become tens of thousands
of fighting men.
卷入到一场美国人难以理解的战争之中
As the nation continues
to expand its involvement
美方的支援也从少数军事顾问
in a war few
Americans understand.
转变为成千上万的战士
The U.S. intends to
remain in Vietnam
美方计划停留越南
just long enough for the
South Vietnamese government
直到南越政♥府♥
to organize and train
its own military forces
能够组织和训练其自己的军事力量
to stand under its own power.
应对冲突
But as tensions mount,
但是随着战事升级
President Lyndon B. Johnson
and his adminstration
林登·约翰逊总统及其政♥府♥
struggled to find the
right level of involvement.
对于参与程度难以定夺
Hoping to contain
the Communist threat
他们希望能够牵制
coming down from North Vietnam.
来自北越的共♥军♥威胁
As soldiers make landfall,
1965年美军登陆之时
1965 is the year the
Vietnam War truly begins.
越战正式开始
U.S. Secretary of
Defense, Robert McNamara
美国国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉
visits South Vietnam
in March, 196♥4♥.
196♥4♥年3月访问南越
But the 1963 coup and execution
但是1963年南越总统吴廷琰
of South Vietnamese
president Ngo Dinh Diem
发起的政♥变♥
has set off multiple
failed attempts
导致在军事政♥府♥和平民政♥府♥的尝试上
at military and
civilian governments.
多重挫败
The country's
political instability
全国的政♥治♥动荡
creates a greater vulnerability,
形了巨大的隐患
one exploited by the
growing Vietcong.
这一点为日益壮大的越共所利用
The situation is dire.
形势急转直下
The country, a powder keg,
这个国家如同一个火♥药♥桶
getting more and more
agitated by the minute.
每一分钟都变得更加动荡不安
In late 196♥4♥, the U.S. increases
its air and naval forces
196♥4♥年底美国向东南亚
in Southeast Asia.
增派空军和海军
North Vietnamese army
troops move into position
北越军队
along the border of South
Vietnam's central highlands.
进入南越中♥央♥高地边界
- In fact, I saw one night
一天夜里
where some guys were
shooting rockets
我看到在那峡谷里
at Quang Tri City
down in the valley.
有人朝广治市发射火箭弹
And we sent some
infantry guys down there,
我们派了几个步兵下去
and then they'd come back,
然后他们回来了
they couldn't find anybody.
一个人都没见着
And a little bit later,
稍后
you see the rockets
going off again.
我又看到那里发射火箭
So we'd shoot some
artillery down there,
所以我们朝那开了几炮
1967—68年美军特里·斯蒂尔
and it'd get quiet
for a little while.
那儿就安静了一阵子
And then you see some
more rockets going off.
然后又有更多的火箭弹发射
How are these guys
surviving, you know?
这些人是怎么活下来的？
Then they brought the Cobras in.
然后他们就派了眼镜蛇部队
They brought tactical air in.
他们有空军
They dropped bombs
in that place.
朝那地方一番狂轰滥炸
And then a little while later,
然后过了一阵子
you still see the
rockets going off.
你还是看到有火箭弹发射
Well then, we put
a couple batteries
然后我们就朝那地方
of artillery on it
and really shot--
连续开炮一番狂轰滥炸
Probably cost a lot of
money, but we got 'em.
可能花了不少钱但是我们消灭了他们
(chuckles)
[轻轻的笑声]
- [Voiceover] U.S.
troops will fight
美军将在一场不同寻常的战争中
in an unusual war
against an unusual enemy.
面临不同寻常的敌人
The North Vietnamese
and Vietcong.
北越军队与越共
The North Vietnamese
army, or the NVA
北越军队或者NVA
began as a group of 31
men and one woman in 1944.
1944年由31名男子与1名女子组建
They quickly grew into
a formidable army,
随着越南分为南北
gaining concentration and troops
他们不断吸收力量
as Vietnam separated
into north and south.
很快发展成一支强大的军队
The U.S. supplies
the South Vietnamese
美军向南越
with weapons and armament.
提供武器和弹♥药♥
The North Vietnamese have
China and the Soviet Union.
而北越则有中国与苏联
While less equipped,
the Vietcong,
尽管武器匮乏
the South Vietnam-based
military branch
以越南共♥产♥主义民族解放阵线
of the Communist
National Liberation Front
为基础的越共
are no less formidable
through their mastery
利用他们所掌握的地形
of their local terrain
and guerrilla tactics.
进行游击战仍然十分可怕
The Vietcong, do possess
uniformed soldiers.
越共也有在编士兵
But it is the
non-uniformed guerrillas
但决定越南战场的人
who define the battlefields
of South Vietnam.
却是那些不在编的游击队员
Many guerrillas are
young teenagers.
很多游击队员都是青少年
Some are idealistic,
while others are shamed
有的是理想主义者有的是被劝告
or pressured into joining.
或者逼迫加入
The average Vietcong guerrilla,
一般的越南游击队
known as "Charlie",
to U.S. troops,
被美军称之为“查理”
receives little training.
很少接受训练
But they are given a
month of advanced training
但在加入大部队之前
if promoted into a main unit.
他们会接受一个月的高级训练
In 1965, Ho Chi Minh
dictates a new way
1965年胡志明下令游击队
for the guerrillas to fight.
使用新的方式作战
Rather than attack
American forces directly,
他们不直接袭击美军
they are to engage in