越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E01

Part 2 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

转向了共♥产♥主义在欧洲扩散的危机
The Truman doctrine put forth
1947年由杜鲁门总统
by the president
in 1947 makes clear
提出的杜鲁门主义
U.S. support for
Greece and Turkey
明确了美国将会
in their effort to stay out
对想要脱离苏联独♥立♥的
of the Soviet
sphere of influence.
希腊及土耳其进行支持
This leads to a broader
containment policy
这引起了遏制主义的盛行
to stop communism from
overtaking the world.
制止共♥产♥主义在全世界扩散
- When I was a
little kid growing up
我小时候在日本长大
over in Japan and
elsewhere we had,
也在其他我们占有的地方生活过
you know, the
schools were run by
在那儿学校最初都是由
1966—1973年美国海军指挥官保罗·格兰迪
initially the Army and then
军队管理的
the State Department later,
之后由美国国♥务♥院♥接管
but then they were
regular schoolteachers.
但之后他们都成了普通的老师
They all had credentials,
都拥有文凭
but I remember learning
about communists
我还记得当时学习共♥产♥主义
in the '50's this
is pre McCarthy,
那是五十年代还是麦卡锡主义之前
and they said they
want to get in
他们告诉我们他们想要渗透我们
and take over the media,
掌控媒体话语权
and take over Hollywood,
控制好莱坞
take over all kinds
of minority groups
控制所有少数民族团体
to fragment the
entire population
分化整个种族
which is what they did in Russia
回想布尔什维克十月革命
back in the
Bolshevik Revolution,
他们在俄♥罗♥斯♥就是这么做的
and so, anyway, I came
home and sure enough
因此我回家之后非常确定
it had come to pass.
这一切一定都会发生的
- [Voiceover] October 1, 1949.
1949年10月1日
The communist overthrow of China
共♥产♥主义政♥权♥在中国的颠覆
is a shock to the
Truman administration
震惊了杜鲁门政♥府♥
as Mao Zedong's communist forces
毛♥泽♥东♥带领的共♥产♥党
defeat Chiang Kai-shek's
Nationalist Army.
打败了蒋♥介♥石♥带领的国♥民♥党♥
For Vietnam this Let's General Vo
对越南来说这让武元甲
train his Viet Minh
safely at bases
能够在实质上穿越中国边境
across the Chinese border.
安全训练其越盟
It also opens up for
China to send weapons
这也为中国向越南输送武器及军队
and military advisers to assist
大开方便之门
in the struggle
against French forces.
使他们得以对抗法国♥军♥队
January 1950.
1950年1月
The People's Republic of China
中华人♥民♥共和国
and the Soviet Union
officially recognize
及苏联官方宣布承认
Ho Chi Minh's Democratic
Republic of Vietnam.
胡志明的越南民♥主♥共和国
The United States
and Britain recognize
美国和英国
the French supportive
government in the south
认为法国所支持的南方政♥府♥
as the state of Vietnam.
才是越南
It is headed by
ancestral King B o i
其领导人是保大帝阮福晪
and covers two-thirds
of the nation
领土面♥积♥占整个国家的三分之二
now called Vietnam.
也就是现在的越南
The Korean War, June 25, 1950.
1950年6月25日朝鲜战争爆发
Meanwhile, the country of Korea
同时朝鲜
emerges from 40 years of
control by Imperial Japan,
摆脱了日本帝国40年的统治
and is being split apart
—分为二
between Communist
forces in the north
北部由共♥产♥主义势力控制
and Nationalists in the south.
南部建立了民族主义国家
On June 25, 1950, North Korea
1950年6月25日北朝鲜
with Soviet and Chinese approval
在苏联及中国的授权下
invades South Korea.
侵略南韩
Truman, with his newly
formed United Nations
杜鲁门及其新建立的联♥合♥国♥
dispatches American
and U.N. forces
派遣美国及联♥合♥国♥♥军♥队
to join South Korea
in their fight
加入朝鲜战争支持南韩
against the communist invasion.
抗击共♥产♥主义的入侵
July 1950.
1950年7月
This is the geopolitical prison
从美国政♥府♥的角度来看
through which the
United States views
越南的状况已沦落为
the situation in Vietnam.
地理上的监禁之地
To American leaders,
including President Truman,
对美国领导人来说包括总统杜鲁门
the fall of Vietnam
into communism
越南抗击共♥产♥主义的失败
will trigger a domino
effect and cause
将会引发多米诺效应
other nations in the
region to also collapse.
引起该地区其他国家政♥权♥的瓦解
Truman authorizes 15 million
dollars in military aid
杜鲁门批准了1500万
to the French in Vietnam.
对越南法军进行援助
Two months later
两个月后
the Military Assistants
Advisory Group in Saigon
西贡军事顾问团成立
is created to supervise
the flow of that aid.
意在监管军费的流向
By early 1953 and the arrival
1953年初
of Dwight D. Eisenhower's
administration
随着德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔上任
U.S. aid to the
French and Indochina
美国对于法国及中南半岛的装备投入
totalled more than
150,000 tons of equipment.
总数上超过了15万吨♥
The Air Force provided France
空军为法国提供了
160 F6F and F8F fighters,
160架F6F及F8F战机
41 B-26 light bombers
and 28 C-47 transports
41架B-26轻型轰炸机 28架C—47运输机
along with massive
amounts of spare parts,
以及大量配件
maintenance
assistance and bombs,
维修设备及炸♥弹♥
yet it seemed as if the
French were no closer
然而相比1946年越战初期
to victory over the
resilient Viet Minh
法国并没有因此
than they had been in
1946 when the war started.
而增大其对越盟的胜算
The Korean War
ends as a stalemate
随着朝鲜战争结束
with the signing of
the Armistice Agreement
1953年7月27日签署的《停战协议》
on July 27, 1953.
使局势陷入僵局
Not vanquished, the
communist forces
共♥产♥主义势力并没有被征服
maintain control of the North.
而是继续其对北部的统治
It demonstrates the use of
military force in diplomacy
它证明了当美国遭到
as the United States
proves willing
共♥产♥主义力量威胁时
to engage strategically
愿意从战略上
when pushed by the
forces of communism.
使用武力来进行外交斡旋
The Cold War has begun,
冷战开始了
but the end of the
Korean conflict frees
但是朝鲜战争的结束
the Chinese up to increase
使中国政♥府♥有能力
their support of the Viet Minh.
向越南投入更多兵力支援越盟
The French, however,
continue to struggle.
然而法国依然深陷战争的泥沼
Despite American aid,
French forces are clearly
尽管有美国的支持
losing the war due
to a combination