越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E03

Part 2 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:02 p.m.

我不是自愿参军的
I got drafted.
我是被征召入伍的
1967—1968年美军特里·斯蒂尔
I was pulled off the street,
他们在大街上把我拉来
and getting ready for
the summer of 1967.
为1967年的夏天做准备
And I lived on the Jersey shore,
我生活在泽西海岸
and I enjoyed myself up there.
我很享受自己在那里的生活
And I got the
letter in the mail.
突然我就收到了一封信
Congratulations, you
have been selected,
恭喜你被选中了
and the rest of the
story is history.
接下来就是历史记叙的事情了
- [Voiceover] Even though
draftees are a minority
尽管被征召入伍的人
of armed forces members
during the Vietnam War,
在越南战争的武装部队中只占了一小部分
they initially make
up a staggering 88%
但他们实际占了所有步兵中的88%
这是非常让人震惊的事情
of all infantry men
known as "grunts".
这些步兵被叫做“低等兵”
Because of this
mortality rate is high
因此在训练不足的被征召入伍的人中
amongst hardly-trained draftees.
死亡率高居不下
Making more than half
of the deaths in battle.
占了战斗中过半数的死亡人数
The Vietnam War is unlike
any conflict before it,
越南战争不同之前的任何冲突
especially from a
racial perspective.
特别是从种族的角度来说
Integration ofAfrican-American
soldiers into the U.S. Army
非洲裔美国人加入到美国♥军♥队中去
begins to change
from black-only units
开始改变了原本部队里只有黑人的面貌
to integrated ones
with the Korean War.
在朝鲜战争中美国♥军♥队成为了一支混合部队
While President Harry S.
Truman ordered desegregation
总统杜鲁门在1948年下令
of the armed forces in 1948,
在武装部队中废除种族歧视
the final all-black unit
is not ended until 1953.
1953年最后一支只有黑人的部队消失了
The Korean War is the first
朝鲜战争
to follow Truman's
new policy in action.
是杜鲁门的新政策付诸实践的第一站
Two African-American
army sergeants
科尼利厄斯·查尔顿以及威廉·汤普森
earned the Medal of
Honor during this War.
两位非洲裔美国人军士
Sergeants Cornelius H.
Charlton and William Thompson.
在此战中获得了荣誉勛章
The war in Vietnam brings a
fully-integrated military.
越南一战让美国♥军♥队完全整合了
But not a fairly-integrated one.
但这种整合不是一种公平的整合
African-American
soldiers make up
在1965至1969年间非洲裔美国士兵占据了
12.6% of soldiers in
Vietnam, from 1965-1969,
驻越南士兵的12.6%
and mostly as infantry.
而且大部分是步兵
Because of this, fatalities
among black soldiers
因此在1961年至1966年间
is at 20% of all combat
deaths from 1961-1966.
黑人士兵的死亡率占全军队死亡率的20﹪
Selective Service
offers deferments
选征兵役制
to current college students
允许在籍大学生
and those in essential
civilian occupations.
以及那些身居要职的人延迟服兵役
A qualifier that, in itself,
可以取得这些资格的人从本质上来说
favors middle to
upper class whites.
偏袒了中上层的白人
Draft boards are
also primarily white,
征兵局的职位也主要由白人出任
with African-Americans
making up only about
而非洲裔美国人只占了
1% of all draft board members.
征兵局职员的1﹪
Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr. describes Vietnam as,
马丁·路德·金将越战描述成
"A white man's war,
a black man's fight."
白人的战争黑人的肉搏战
Protests against the draft
come in October 1965,
对征兵制度的抗♥议♥浮现于1965年10月
when the monthly draft number
significantly increases
当时每月的征兵人数
from 3,000 to 33,000.
从3000人激增到了3万3干人
The common form of protest is
a burning of the draft card.
常见的抗♥议♥方法就是烧毁征兵卡
Heavyweight boxing
champion, Muhammad Ali,
重量级拳击冠军拳王阿里
is one of them, refusing
to join the armed forces,
就是其中一个拒绝参军的人
on April 28, 1967,
citing religious reasons.
1967年4月28日他以宗教理由拒绝服兵役
He is sentenced to
five years in prison,
因此被判入狱五年
fined $10,000,
并且罚款一万美元
stripped of his title,
剥夺称号♥
and banned from the
sport for three years.
禁止参赛三年
An appeal keeps him
out of prison, however,
民众的呼声将他从监狱中救了出来
and the case is overturned by
the Supreme Court years later.
几年之后高级法♥院♥驳回了这件案子
Ali's protest will
bring further attention
拳王阿里的抗♥议♥
to the draft problem,
更大地引起了人们对于征兵问题的注意
one that affects the younger
generation in the U.S.,
因为这会影响到美国的年轻一代
and will lead to civil unrest.
也可能会导致国内动荡
To combat the stealth
of the Viet Cong,
为了打击越共的秘密行动
the U.S. Army employs an
herbicide and defoliant
美国♥军♥队采用了除草剂和落叶剂
to clear the jungles
of natural camouflage,
扫除作为敌人的天然防护带的丛林
and also deplete their crops.
并且还断了他们的粮食
It is called,
Herbicide Orange or HO,
有人把它叫做除草橙剂
but more commonly
known as, Agent Orange.
更多人把它叫做橙剂
- Well, the big thing
was about Agent Orange
顾名思义这种高效除草剂
is how it got its name is from
因其容器的标志条纹为橙色
the orange band
on the containers.
取名“橙剂”
- [Voiceover] Noting the
success the British had
鉴于英国人在二十世纪五十年代
with Agent Orange in the 1950's,
曾经有过使用橙剂的成功案例
President John F. Kennedy
authorized the start
肯尼迪总统批准了
of Operation Ranch Hand
牧场帮手作业
designed to blanket
enemy territory
这个行动旨在
and battlefields
with the chemical.
利用化学物质覆盖敌人领域以及战场
- One of the things I
thought was very interesting
一件我觉得非常有意思的事情是
is on our vessels we had
what they call evaporators,
我们的战舰有一种他们称作蒸发器的东西
converting salt water
into fresh water.
是用来将咸水转换成淡水的工具
And when you were in Da
Nang, which was our home base
在岘港的时候
in Camp Tien Sha in Da
Nang, they would come around
也就是我们在天山的大本营的时候
and want to know
if you want water,
他们会过来问你要不要水
and they would have what
they'd call these YOS,
他们会用一种船舰
which was a Navy vessel that
put water aboard our ship.
将水送上我们的船
And he would always refuse it.
但是他们自己不喝
He would not take it.
他们不会喝
He'd always use the
evaporated water
他们常常会用蒸馏之后的水
converting further out to
salt water to fresh water.
转换成咸水再换成淡水
And I've often wondered
if he knew something
我常常在想
about Agent Orange,
because that was
他们是不是知道有橙剂这种东西
one of the biggest things,
有人带着橙剂出现
guys coming down
with Agent Orange.
这是很严重的问题
And he wouldn't take
any of the water