越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E02

Part 3 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

我当时在朝鲜
I never turned my back on him.
一直都没有放弃对他的帮助
- [Voiceover] Standard
issue weaponry
战争之初的标配武器
at the start of the
war is the M-14.
是M-14步♥枪♥
First put into service
in July of 1959,
1959年7月首次交付使用
production delays
keep American forces
生产延期使得美军
from being fully
equipped with the M-14
直到1965年
until July 1965.
才完全配备M-14
The early days of
the Vietnam War
越战初期
will test the strengths and
weaknesses of the rifle.
将考验这款步♥枪♥的优劣势
The wooden stocks
on early models
早期型号♥的木杆
swelled with the jungle
humidity, affecting accuracy.
遇到丛林湿气会膨胀从而影响精度
Automatic recoil
is intense enough
自动后座弹力太大
to make it
uncontrollable in combat.
在战斗中难以控制
And impossible to aim.
无法瞄准
The length and
weight of the rifle
这款步♥枪♥的长度和重量
becomes burdensome in the
thick brush of the jungles.
在茂密的丛林中成为累赘
Its replacement, authorized
by Robert McNamara
其替代品M-16
in 1966 is the M-16.
1966年由罗伯特·麦克纳马拉授权
The lightweight rifle, coming
in at six pounds, loaded.
这款轻型步♥枪♥上弹后重6磅
Has a small caliber
5.56 NATO cartridge.
弹♥药♥筒为5.56的小口径
What seemed shortcomings
to many soldiers
其均衡器被很多士兵
were actually equalizers.
视为缺陷
But field tests come up
with a startling conclusion,
但是现场试验却有着惊人的结论
eight men armed with
M-16s carry the same level
8名配备M-16的士兵火力
of firepower as an 11
man team with M-14s.
与11名配备M-14的士兵火力相当
There are setbacks
in the early days
但是M-16在早期战场上
of the M-16, however.
仍然遭遇了不少挫折
Ones that prove fatal.
有一点被证明是致命的
The apparently
self-cleaning rifles
这款看似自动清理的步♥枪♥
jam in early field tests.
在早期现场测试中常常卡住
The M-16 also suffers
from failure to extract,
M-16时常无法取弹
as dirt and corrosion from
both gunpowder and oil
因为来自子弹和油的灰尘与腐蚀物
cause cartridge casings
to jam in the barrel.
引起弹♥药♥卡在枪管里
And prevent further firing.
无法继续射击
The M-16A1 is issued soon after.
M-16A1很快下发配备
A model that corrects
the fatal flaws
这款枪纠正了M-16的
of the M-16.
致命缺陷
The chrome-lined
chamber and bore
铬线枪膛与射孔
as well the cleaning
supplies included
以及造成无法取弹
helped produce failure
to extract incidents
并导致战场伤亡的
and battlefield related deaths.
自动清理系统
Heavier arms are also
needed on the battlefield
重型武器在战场上也很必要
which is where the M-60
machine gun comes in.
因而使用了M-60机关枪
Known as The Pig
for its sheer bulk.
因为太重而被称为“猪”
The belt-fed machine
gun requires teams
这款使用弹♥药♥带机关枪
of two or more two operate it.
需要两人或者两人以上操作
Then, there's the
M-79 grenade launcher,
还有M-79榴弹发射器
known as "Thumper"
and the "Bloop tube"
因为其表现突然而被称为“重击者”
for its distinct report.
或者“准星延伸管”
The M-79 fires a
diversity of 40mm rounds.
M-79可以发射40mm的圆形物
Be they explosive,
smoke or illumination.
可以是炸♥弹♥ 烟雾弹或者照明弹
This highly accurate
launcher has a range
其精准发射范围
of 350 meters.
达到350米
The single-shot design, however,
不过其单发设计
can be a drawback in battle.
在战场上可能算个缺陷
The fastest a grenadier
can reload and fire
速度最快的投弹兵
is six rounds a minute.
每分钟可以装载发射6轮
In close quarters combat,
grenadiers only have
在近距离战斗中
a pistol and knife to rely on.
投弹兵只有手♥枪♥和匕♥首♥在身
Not an assault rifle, like
most of their enemies.
并不像其敌人那样拥有突击步♥枪♥
And they are at a
tactical disadvantage.
这是一个不利条件
The M-203 grenade
launcher attachment
M-203榴弹发射连接器
also comes out during
the Vietnam War.
也出现于越战期间
Allowing attachment to a
variety of assault rifles.
可以装在各种突击步♥枪♥之上
The M-203 makes switching
M-203使得不同武器之间
between both weapons effortless.
可以轻易进行转换
And streamlined for
the G.I.s fighting
并且在不可预知的战场上
in unpredictable
fields of combat.
为不同射程而进行转换
As the U.S. increases airstrikes
当美军增加空中打击
and prepares ground forces.
准备地面部队之时
The Vietcong ratchet
up operations as well.
越共也在加快行动
Striking U.S. facilities
and other locations
他们时常偷袭美军设施
frequented by Americans
stationed in Vietnam.
以及美军在越南的驻地
Including bars and restaurants.
包括酒吧和餐馆
By February 1965,
到1965年2月
there are 200 U.S. Air
Force combat aircraft
南越已经有200架
in South Vietnam.
空军战斗机
Another 200 are positioned
on aircraft carriers
另外200架已经在东京湾
in the Gulf of Tonkin.
装上航母
A helicopter facility,
Camp Holloway
直升机厂霍洛韦营
is stationed outside
the city of Pleiku.
位于波莱古郊区
It will be the site
of a fierce attack.
这里将成为攻击要地
February 7th, 1965.
1965年2月7日
It is after midnight,
when 300 Vietcong soldiers
午夜之后 300名越共士兵
converge on Camp
Holloway with AK-47s.
带着AK-47集♥合♥于霍洛韦营
They mortar the airfield,
destroying 10 aircraft
他们用迫击炮袭击机场摧毁10架飞机
and damaging another 15.
打伤15架
Nine U.S. soldiers are killed,
9名美军士兵身亡
and over 100 are wounded.
100多名受伤
Later that day, airstrike
Operation Flaming Dart
当天空袭行动火飞镖行动
sends 49 sorties of U.S. F-105s
派出49架次F-105轰炸机
to strike North
Vietnamese army bases
空袭位于洞海附近的
near Dong Hoi.
北越军事基地
February 11th, 1965.
1965年2月11日
The Vietcong retaliate
with a bomb attack
越共在归仁兵营发起炸♥弹♥袭击
on the barracks in Qui Nhon.
用以回击
23 U.S. are killed
and 22 injured.
美军士兵23死 22伤
President Johnson
responds to this so-called
约翰逊总统用火飞镖2号♥行动