越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E06

Part 5 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:03 p.m.

- [Voiceover] May 1971.
1971年5月
- For when I went in,
我刚刚当兵的时候
you didn't have much
of a drug problem.
士兵在军队里吸毒的情况并不严重
1968—1969年美军米切尔·罗伯茨
But when I got out, I think
但是在我退伍的时候
it was more of a
big drug problem,
我觉得这个问题变得严重多了
especially those
going into Vietnam,
特别是那些到越南去的士兵
they had easy access to it.
因为他们很容易可以买♥♥到毒品
I know that the
Navy was very strict
我知道如果海军被捉到
if you were caught
吸毒或者之类的事情
dealing in drugs and
things like that.
会被严厉惩处
But I said, I saw it more
when I was getting out
但是按我说我退伍的时候反而更多人吸毒了
of the Navy than
going into the Navy.
见得反而要更多
- The guys that you
were with all the while,
一直和你在一起的人
1967—1968年美军特里·斯蒂尔
you had no problem
with, you know.
是不会有麻烦的你懂的
We had everybody's back.
我们信任每个人
But a lot of new guys
that were coming in,
但是有很多新人进来
and there was drugs,
然后带来了毒品
a lot of drugs were
starting to happen.
毒品开始泛滥
And it was, you know, things
were starting to change a lot.
然后你懂的一切都开始发生变化了
And I was kind of
glad that I got
我很开心我能够
out of there when
I did, you know.
在一时糊涂之后重回正常生活
And reading about it and
hearing it on the news
在我回到家的那一晚才在
at night after I got home was,
报纸新闻上看到或是听到消息
boy, I'm glad I
wasn't there then.
我很开心我已经离开那儿了
(laughs)
[笑]
- [Voiceover] Congressman
Robert Steel of Connecticut
康涅狄格州国会议员罗伯特·斯蒂尔
and Morgan Murphy of Illinois
和伊利诺伊州议员摩根·墨菲
return from a visit to Vietnam
结束越南的访问回国
with a startling claim.
同时发表了惊人的言论
15% of all servicemen there
在越南服役的军人
are addicted to heroin.
15%都沉溺于毒品
Even though the military
decreases that figure to 2%,
即使官方公布的数字将这个比率减少到2%
Richard Nixon does
not take it lightly.
理查德·尼克松并没有掉以轻心
He had earlier
submitted legislation
早些时候他提交了立法法案
for reform of federal
drug enforcement.
提出要加强联邦的毒品管制
And on June 17th, 1971,
1971年6月17日
he asks for 155 million more
他要求为国内项目的实行
for domestic programs.
增加1.55亿美元
President Nixon's
plan for $14 million
尼克松总统计划将1400万
is to increase the Veteran
Administration's budget
用于增加越南政♥府♥的财政开支
to establish testing stations
建立试验站
and rehabilitation in Vietnam.
及相关善后工作
Soldiers are now
required to test
现在士兵在返家之前
for heroin use before
returning home.
必须经过海♥洛♥因♥测试
Nearly 20% self-identify
as heroin addicts,
近两成的人承认自己是海♥洛♥因♥吸食者
while a stunning
45% of all soldiers
令人震惊的是有45%的士兵
are revealed to have used opium
被披露至少一次
or heroin at least once.
吸食过鸦♥片♥或是海♥洛♥因♥
Drug use was an escape
from a living nightmare
吸食毒品是为了逃离残酷现实生活的噩梦
and one that threatens
to create more nightmares
但同时却又给越南的服役军人
for the servicemen in Vietnam.
带来了更大的噩梦
President Nixon continues
to struggle back at home.
尼克松总统继续着在国内的奋战
He must live up to his campaign
promise to end the war.
他必须遵守自己在竞选时的承诺结束战争
However, the media
continues to criticize
然而一旦尼克松做出任何
the war in Vietnam
while Nixon takes
想要结束战争的举动
whatever measures
possible to end it.
媒体都会进行批判
It becomes a vicious cycle.
这成了一种恶性循环
Once secret actions,
一旦有秘密行动
such as the earlier
bombing of Cambodia,
像是早些时候在柬埔寨的轰炸
are found out, they
receive media criticism
被揭露他们就会受到媒体的批判
and drive a further wedge
导致总统
between the President
and the public.
与民众之间的矛盾与日俱增
An atmosphere of distrust
surrounds the government.
对政♥府♥的不信任感愈演愈烈
Soon it all goes to hell.
不久之后一切都走向了最恶劣的情况
What are the Pentagon papers?
五角大楼文件是什么？
They are a secret study
这是一项由国防部部长
began per the Secretary
of Defense Robert McNamara
罗伯特·麦克纳马拉于1967年开展的秘密项目
in 1967 without the knowledge
of President Johnson.
当时的总统约翰逊并不知情
Researched and
written by academics,
数据调查和撰写涉及到各方的学者
civilian employees,
and military officers,
文职雇员军官
the report of the Office of
the Secretary of Defense,
国防部办公室报告
Vietnam Task Force documents
越南特遣部队记录了
United States
involvement in Vietnam
美国于1945到1967年间
from 1945 to 1967.
在越南的情况
Parts of it are
leaked by an analyst
有些部分被一位反战的
who himself opposes the war,
数据分♥析♥师泄漏了
former Marine Corps
Officer Daniel Ellsberg.
他是前海军陆战队官员丹尼尔·埃尔斯伯格
In March 1971, he provides
secret photocopies
1971年3月他向《纽♥约♥时♥报♥》
to the New York Times,
提供了一份机密影印资料
a research that
encompasses 47 volumes
这份报告包括47个栏目
and 3,000 pages
of the narrative.
还有3000页的叙述内容
Revealed in the papers
are the covert activities
这份报告揭露了过去四任政♥府♥
from the past four
administrations.
所隐藏的事实及秘密活动
Truman's aid to the
French against Viet Minh,
杜鲁门为了对抗越盟对法国提供的帮助
Eisenhower's undermine
of North Vietnam
艾森豪威尔政♥府♥低估了北越的势力
and helping Diem take over,
还对吴廷琰提供了帮助
Kennedy's elevation
to making Vietnam
肯尼迪政♥府♥夸下海口
a commitment and
allowing the generals
承诺帮助越南并且同意派遣军官
to overthrow and
assassinate Diem.
推♥翻♥吴廷琰政♥权♥ 暗♥杀♥吴廷琰
The real reason for the
United States' bombing
美国于1965年在北越制♥造♥的
of North Vietnam in 1965,
轰炸袭击的真♥相♥
it was an attempt
to contain China
事实上是为了牵制中国
and prevent them
阻止他们
from organizing
all Asian countries
把所有的亚洲国家
into a third world war.
都牵扯进第三次世界大战
Also revealed is the
government's planned provocation
报告还揭露了在北越约翰逊政♥府♥执政期间
during the Johnson
administration
美国政♥府♥有计划地
of North Vietnam to
launch a major strike
激怒北越开始大罢♥工♥