越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E02

Part 5 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

而他也参加过二战和朝鲜战争
- Well, you knew they
were running the war.
你知道他们要打仗
You had to play their game.
你只能听从命令
You had to do what
they wanted you to do.
你必须做他们希望你做的事
A lot of us always questioned,
我们很多人都会质疑
"what are we doing here?"
“我们来这儿干什么？”
Because there was too many
regulations against us.
因为我们有很多条条框框
A lot of things we couldn't do.
很多事情我们不能做
It got to a point where
甚至到这样一个地步
we were shooting only
so many rounds a day
我们每天打上几轮
because there was
an ammo shortage.
因为缺乏弹♥药♥
And you just had to be careful.
而你必须十分小心
- Another thing we
thought was interesting
我们觉得还有一件很有趣的事情
was that if we got
engaged with the enemy,
就是如果我们与敌人短兵相接
you could use up the
clips in your M-16.
我们可以使用M-16里的弹片
But beyond that, you
couldn't fire any more
除此之外你不能开枪
unless you had
permission for it.
除非你得到许可
And a lot of our
commanding officers
我们很多指挥官说
said they just didn't
want to deal with that.
他们不想面对这种情况
So they'd tell you
to keep firing.
所以他们会让你一直开枪
And when you got back
to your home base,
等你回到营地
you had to fill our
reports for your ammunition
你得填写报告
to resupply it.
要求弹♥药♥补给
And then we compared
the supply list
然后我们要比对供给清单
against the orders.
和上面的命令
And they said,
他们说
"Well, you didn't request
to engage the enemy."
“你们没有申请与敌人作战”
And the commanding
officer's answer was,
指挥官回答
"We didn't engage the enemy,
we had target practice.
“我们没有跟敌人作战我们打靶训练了”
"There's no requirement
on how much ammunition
“关于打靶训练并没有相关要求”
"we can use for
target practice."
“我们可以使用多少子弹”
- [Voiceover] Perhaps
Westmoreland's
也许威斯特摩兰
greatest challenge is
adapting his traditional
最大的挑战是用其传统的战法
approach to war
to the unusual one
来应对这场不同寻常的战争
that is fast becoming
the Vietnam War.
也正是很快成为的越战
March 8th, 1965.
1965年3月8日
General Westmoreland
deploys boots on the ground
威斯特摩兰将军第一次
for the first time.
踏足这片土地
When he sends the 9th
Marine Expeditionary Brigade
他派出第九海军远征旅
to a Da Nang airfield.
到岘港机场
At 3,500-strong,
these combat troops
这支3500人的作战部队
are far from just
military advisers.
远非军事顾问
North Vietnam sees the
move as an open declaration
北越将这一行动视为公开宣战
on not just themselves,
不仅是对他们
but the entire
Vietnamese people.
而且是对整个越南人♥民♥
To China, it is a grave move
对中国来说这是扩大
to further expand
the war in Indochina.
在印度支那战争的一次重大行动
Engaging the enemy
is not only probable,
吸引敌人不仅成为可能
but now inevitable.
而且成为必然
President Johnson, forced
to acknowledge escalation
约翰逊总统逼迫升级
to war in Vietnam,
在越南的战争
must decide how to
best move forth.
他必须决定如何最快前进
The National Security
Council, in April 1965
国♥家♥安♥全♥委员会1965年4月
makes its recommendation
to the President.
向总统提出建议
The result, is a National
Security Action Memo,
后来成为国家家金行动备忘录
or NSAM 328.
或者NSAM328
It is an attempt to please
three different views
其在扩大战争方面
on the building war.
有三种不同意见
There are those who
desire a rapid move
有希望对越南共♥产♥党
against the
Communists in Vietnam.
采取迅速行动
Then, there are those who oppose
也有人反对
an increased U.S.
presence in Vietnam.
扩大美军在越南的行动
Finally, there are those
who fall toward the middle
还有人趋向于中立
and desire a stable presence
希望稳步推进
without significant increase
in U.S. involvement.
而不希望美军大量介入
The President's decision
embodied in NSAM 328
总统关于NSAM328的决议
and issued on April
6th, is a turning point
于4月6日发布这在越战
in both the war in Vietnam
and American history.
以及美国历史上成为一个转折点
He sanctioned a modest increase
他下令适当增加
in U.S. ground troops
in South Vietnam.
在南越的美军部队
Two Marine battalions and
one Air Force squadron.
派出两支海军和一支空军中队
Plus support and he
authors the mission
除此之外他还授权
of the U.S. Marines from defense
美国海军陆战队
to more active use, or offense.
从防守到积极对抗或者进攻
This change ushers
in the beginning
这种改变标志着
of open U.S. ground warfare.
美国地面战争的开始
A strategy strongly
opposed by the Air Force.
空军强烈反对这一策略
The President also authorizes
总统还授权派出
18,000 to 20,000 more
support personnel.
1.8万到2万供应人员
He steps up
non-military assistance
提高了非军事援助
and United States
information agency programs.
以及美国情报机构计划
And further bombing
of North Vietnam.
继续对北越进行轰炸
Wary of a public backlash,
由于担心招致公众反对
President Johnson has
NSAM 328 downplayed
约翰逊总统将NSAM328轻描淡写
to avoid any change in
America's policy on Vietnam.
以避免改变美国对越南的政策
He is also dealing with
civil strife back home
他还将面对国内冲突
as racial tensions
mount in Alabama.
阿♥拉♥巴马州的种族矛盾
On March 7th, 1965,
1965年3月7日
participants marching in support
支持投票权立法的人们
of voting rights legislation
从塞尔玛游♥行♥至
from Selma to
Montgomery, Alabama
阿♥拉♥巴马蒙哥马利
are met with brutality by
Alabama State Troopers.
他们遭到阿♥拉♥巴马州警♥察♥的残忍♥对待
Dismayed, President
Johnson urges Congress
惊愕的约翰逊总统呼吁国会
on March 15th to
pass comprehensive
于3月15日通过了
voting rights
legislation to eliminate
投票权立法案
racial prejudice
at polling centers.
以消除投票中心的种族偏见
- It is the effort
ofAmerican Negroes
这是美国黑人