越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E01

Part 3 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

由于越盟的强烈反击
of a fiercely determined
foe in the Viet Minh
以及一系列战略性失误
and a series of tactical
errors by the French.
法国濒临兵败的边缘
The showcase is with
the largest battle
这体现在第一次印度支那战争中
of the First Indochina war,
最大型的战役
the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
奠边府战役
November 1953.
1953年11月
In an attempt to keep
the Viet Minh out of Laos
为将越盟驱逐出老挝
French General Henri Navarre
法国上将亨利·纳瓦尔
plans to establish a
heavily fortified base
计划在老挝及北越之间
deep in enemy
territory on the border
位于敌方势力范围边界的
between Laos and North Vietnam
奠边府附近的小镇
near the village
of Dien Bien Phu.
修建一个戒备森严的军事基地
The hope is to draw Viet Minh's
他希望可以通过这一举措
General Vo's guerilla
forces out into the open
吸引到武元甲所带领的越盟游击队的注意力
for grand set-piece battle
where French air support
将其由暗处引到明处在法国布置好
and superior fire power
will decimate them.
空军支援及高精尖武器的地方定位进攻彻底摧毁
Few Vietnamese
living in the area
在这一区域鲜少有人居住
means minimal local
support for the Viet Minh.
这意味着越盟将无法得到足够的人力支援
Support necessary
to get enough men,
要想得到充足的人力
arms, food and supplies through
武器食物及补给
the dense jungles and
mountainous terrain,
需要穿越丛林及山岭区
but they seriously
underestimate their enemy.
但是他们显然低估了他们的敌人
The Viet Minh use porters,
bicycles, and handcarts
越盟利用人力挑工自行车及手推车
to sustain four infantry
and an artillery division
维持了周围山区四个步兵团
in the surrounding hills.
以及一个炮兵团的战略补给
By February Viet Minh
forces number 35,000
到2月越盟已有35000名士兵
with at least 100
artillery pieces
至少100个步兵团
overlooking the fortress.
驻守要塞
On March 13 the attacks begin
3月13日战斗打响
and the French are
quickly overrun.
法国兵败如山倒
The Eisenhower administration
艾森豪威尔政♥府♥
has to make a decision.
不得不做出决定
Directly intervene
with military forces
直接投入军事力量
or allow France to lose
its war against communism.
或者是眼看着法国输掉对共♥产♥主义的战争
Sending military
troops to Vietnam
将美军送向越南
could drag the U.S.
into a long, bloody,
将会使美国陷入一场旷日持久的血腥战争
and expensive war and
spark direct confrontation
而美国与中国及苏联
between U.S. and
Chinese or Soviet forces
之间的紧张局势一触即发
which in itself could
explode into World War III.
任何不当举措都有可能招致第三次世界大战
Ultimately, Congress
and the Eisenhower
最终国会及艾森豪威尔政♥府♥
administration decide the risks
决定放弃
are greater than
potential gains.
风险大于潜在收益
Dien Bien Phu falls
on May 7, 1954,
1954年5月7日奠边府战役宣告失败
and with it any
hopes the French had
同时法国也失去了
of holding its
colonial territories.
继续保有其殖民地的可能
July 21, 1954.
1954年7月21日
Even before the fall
of Dien Bien Phu
就在奠边府战役之前
the United States,
the Soviet Union,
美国苏联
the United Kingdom, the
People's Republic of China,
英国中华人♥民♥共和国
and France meet in
Geneva, Switzerland
及法国在瑞士日内瓦
to restore peace to Indochina.
签署协议恢复印度支那的和平
While nothing is
resolved on Korea,
而朝鲜半岛毫无进展
Vietnam is addressed
in the Geneva Accord
1954年7月21日签署的《日内瓦公约》
of July 21, 1954.
着重提出了越南问题
Vietnam is to be
temporarily split in two
越南暂时分♥裂♥为两部分
at the 17th parallel,
以北纬17度线
a provisional military
demarcation line.
暂时做为军事分界线
In two years, July 1956,
两年之后 1956年7月
nationwide elections
are planned.
全国范围内的选举提上议程
Under international supervision
在国际社会的监管下
Vietnam will become
an independent nation.
越南将会建立一个独♥立♥的国家
For the immediate all
Viet Minh soldiers
所有越盟士兵
are to go to the north,
立即奔向北部
while Vietnamese who have fought
而与法国并肩作战的越南民众
alongside the French are
to live in the south.
将会居住在南越
Approximately one
million North Vietnamese
将近100万北越民众
move south including
many Catholics,
迁居到南越其中包括天主教♥徒♥
landowners and other
anti-communists.
地主以及其他反♥共♥主义者
A much smaller number,
a little over 50,000,
而只有区区5万人
and mostly Viet Minh
soldiers and families
其中绝大多数是越盟士兵或是家属
move from the
south to the north.
从南越迁居到北越
Neither the U.S. nor
the French-backed
美国及法国支持的越南
state of Vietnam
sign the Accords
都没有签署公约
fearing a national election
害怕全国范围内的选举
will result in a
communist government.
会导致一个共♥产♥主义国家的诞生
October 26, 1955.
1955年10月26日
The Chief of State of the
state of Vietnam is B o i,
越南时任领袖是保大帝
but the figure that
will matter more
但在接下来的几年中
in the years to come
实际掌权者
is Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem.
是总统吴廷琰
Diem is a staunch
Catholic, anti-communist,
吴廷琰是一位坚定的天主教♥徒♥ 反♥共♥主义者
and anti-Colonialist.
也是反殖民♥主♥义者
He had travelled to
the United States
他在法越战争期间
during the French Indochina War,
游历过美国
and had established himself
增加了其成为
as a potential
leader of Vietnam.
越南领袖的可能
In October 1954, after
the Geneva Conference,
1954年10月在日内瓦会议之后
president Eisenhower
sends a letter to Diem.
艾森豪威尔总统给吴廷琰写了一封信
- [Voiceover] "Your recent
request for aid to assist
你最近请求我们对你
"in the formidable
project of the movement
最近的大计划进行支援
"of several hundred
thousand loyal
对成百上千的忠实越南人施以援手
"Vietnamese citizens
away from areas
带领他们逃离现在的居所
"which are passing
under de facto rule
那里在实质上
"and political ideology
which they abhor
盛行他们所厌恶的制度
"are being fulfilled.
及政♥治♥意识形态
"I am glad that
the United States
我很荣幸