越战50年（2015）

Vietnam: 50 Years Remembered S01E02

Part 4 Nov. 23, 2021, 1:01 p.m.

"continued aggression"
with Flaming Dart II.
对这种所谓的“继续入侵”进行了回应
Doubling the sorties to 99.
派出战斗机99架次
And including South
Vietnamese fighters.
其中包括南越战斗机
Flaming Dart I and II
are more than airstrikes.
火飞镖1号♥与2号♥行动不仅仅是空袭
But acts intended
to force diplomacy.
而且试图以此推动外交
Johnson and the
rest of Washington,
约翰逊和华盛顿官员
wait for Hanoi's reaction
as well as Peking's
等候河内北♥京♥
and Moscow's.
以及莫斯科的反应
The hope is to reactivate
希望以此恢复
the stillborn
political process begun
1954年日内瓦会议上
at the 1954 Geneva Conference
搁置的英国与苏联之间
between England and
the Soviet Union.
开始的政♥治♥进程
President Johnson is put
in a precarious position.
约翰逊总统将美国人♥民♥置身险境
The American people, so
soon after the Korean War
在结束朝鲜战争不久之后
are likely reluctant to embark
他们并不想在亚洲
upon another land war in Asia.
又开始另一场战争
The hope is that
air power will be
他们希望空袭
just enough to contain
the Communist forces
足以牵制位于北越的
in North Vietnam.
共♥军♥力量
Until peace can be found.
直到和平到来
A major airstrike, like the
Joint Chiefs of Staff proposes,
如同参谋长联♥系♥会议建议的那样一次重大空袭
would be more than the
U.S. bargained for.
将是美国唯一的希望
The hope is for
enough military action
希望靠足够的军事行动
to force the North Vietnamese
来逼迫北越
to negotiate towards peace.
进入和平谈判
Not a major action,
like the one proposed
只有一次重大行动
that can provoke China
into taking an active role
才能迫使中国在这场战争中
in the war.
进入积极的角色
Secretary of Defense
Robert McNamara
国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉
plans a gradually
escalating air campaign.
计划了一场逐渐升级的空中行动
Hoping the pressure
from the bombing
希望轰炸
pushes North Vietnam toward
a diplomatic solution.
能够迫使北越走外交途径
These carefully
calibrated airstrikes
这一谨慎的空袭
are designed to be less likely
其目的是至少
to draw China into the conflict.
把中国拉进冲突之中
The airstrikes will
increase in strength
空袭将会导致
in response to Vietcong
attacks in South Vietnam.
越共对南越的回击增加
Opposition in Washington
fears the slow escalation
华盛顿反对派担心缓慢的进程
will buy North Vietnam time
将给予北越时间
to build its own
air defense system.
构建自身的防空体系
The White House only recommends
白宫只建议
measured and limited action
进行慎重有限的行动
which is on display through
Operation Rolling Thunder.
也就是雷霆行动
March 2nd, 1965.
1965年3月2日
As Operation Rolling
Thunder begins,
当雷霆行动开始时
American and South
Vietnamese losses
美国以及南越的伤亡
are comparable to those
in World War II and Korea.
已经可以与二战以及朝鲜的伤亡相提并论
Nine U.S. and two South
Vietnamese aircraft
空袭刚开始时有9架美国飞机
are shot down in
the initial strikes.
和两架南越飞机被击落
With another seven U.S.
and 34 South Vietnamese
随着雷霆行动的继续
as the operation progresses.
又有7架美国飞机和34架南越飞机被击落
The North Vietnamese have
a mere 35 Soviet fighters,
北越只有35架苏联战斗机
both the MiG-15 and MiG-17.
米格-15和米格-17
Unless China joins in
with their 300 MiGs,
至中国的300架米格加入之时
they will remain
overpowered in the air.
他们将在空域保持优势
U.S. air commanders
are held back
美空军指挥官
by regulations from higher up.
受限于级别的规章
All airstrikes require South
Vietnam's participation
所有空袭行动未经华盛顿批准
against Washington
approved targets.
都必须有南越参与
Not only is napalm prohibited,
不仅不能用汽油弹
but all unused
ordinance must be dumped
而且所有不用的弹♥药♥
in the China Sea.
都必须丢入中国海
Pilots, in attacking
North Vietnamese vessels
轰炸北越船只的飞行员
must do their best
to avoid hitting
必须尽最大可能
North Vietnamese
non-military personnel.
避免轰炸北越非军事人员
General Joseph H. Moore,
约瑟夫·摩尔将军
Commander of the
2nd Air Division,
第二空军师团指挥官
recalls early Rolling
Thunder strikes.
回想起早期的雷霆行动
- "I was never allowed
in the early days
行动早期我不能
"to send a single airplane north
派一架飞机去北边
"without being
told how many bombs
除非知道飞机上
"I would have on it,
携带的炸♥弹♥数量
"how many airplanes
were in the flight,
前往的飞机数量
"and what time it would
be over the target.
以及抵达目的地的时间
"And if we couldn't get there
如果我们因为某种理由
"at that time for some
reason, weather or what not,
比如天气或者什么不能准时抵达
"we couldn't put
the strike on later.
我们就不能开始行动
"We had to cancel it
and start over again."
我们必须取消并且从头开始
- [Voiceover] Washington
isn't the only obstacle
华盛顿并非是唯一
to Rolling Thunder's success.
阻碍雷霆行动成功的因素
By the start, the North
Vietnamese amassed
行动一开始北越方面
over a thousand heavy
anti-aircraft guns.
就准备了一千多架高射炮
Many strikes are
cancelled or aborted
很多空袭被取消或者中断
due to the regions
treacherous weather conditions
都是因为那一地区险恶的天气
for flying.
不利于飞行
And lack of visibility
from the dense foliage.
森林茂密能见度低
Rolling Thunder is
only intended to run
雷霆行动本来只打算
for eight weeks.
进行8个星期
It will continue for
three and a half years
由于美方间歇性取消空袭
as the U.S. periodically
calls off bombing
以期与河内方面开展和平谈判
with the hope that Hanoi
will negotiate for peace.
雷霆行动持续了三年半
In charge of the
负责越南
U.S. Military Assistance
Command in Vietnam,
美国♥军♥事援助指挥
or the MACV, is General
William Westmoreland.
或者MACV的是威廉姆·威斯特摩兰将军
The General's ancestors
fought in both
这位将军的祖先
the Revolutionary
and Civil Wars.
曾参加过独♥立♥革命和南北战争
While he served in both
World War II and Korea.