远古外星人（2009）
Ancient Aliens S14E22
Part 1
Jan. 19, 2022, 11:04 a.m.
数百万颗行星与我们地球相似
NARRATOR: Millions of planets similar to our own.
乔治•A•索卡罗斯:过去几年发现的系外行星绝对是非凡的
GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS: The discoveries of exoplanets over the past few years have been absolutely extraordinary.
许多星球很快就能充满我们的技术
NARRATOR: And many could soon be within the grasp of our technology.
加来道雄:想想看
MICHIO KAKU: Think about it.
即使在地球形成之前 数十亿年的文明也可能有兴衰起伏
Civilizations over billions of years could have risen and fallen even before the Earth was formed.
但是如果我们可以去探索其他世界的生命
NARRATOR: But if we can reach out in pursuit of life on other worlds,
他们是否也在向我们伸出探索之手?
might they also be reaching out to us?
他们已经这样做了几千年了吗?
And have they been doing so for thousands of years?
比尔•伯恩斯:可能古代文明
BILL BIRNES: Could it be that ancient civilizations,
来自遥远地方的远古外星人 他们从家园迁移过来时发现了地球吗?
ancient aliens from far away migrated from their home worlds and they found Earth?
威廉•亨利:这对人类的影响是巨大的
WILLIAM HENRY: The implications for humanity are enormous.
宇宙中有一扇门
NARRATOR: There is a doorway in the universe.
在它之外是真理的承诺
Beyond it is the promise of truth.
它要求我们质疑我们所学过的一切
It demands we question everything we have ever been taught.
证据就在我们身边
The evidence is all around us.
未来就在我们眼前
The future is right before our eyes.
我们并不孤单
We are not alone.
我们从未“孤单”
We have never "been" alone.
远古外星人 第十四季 第二十二集
系外宜居行星的秘密
Secrets of the Exoplanets
佛罗里达州 卡纳维拉尔角
NARRATOR: Cape Canaveral, Florida.
2018年4月18日
April 18, 2018.
下午6点51分
At 6:51 p. m.,
一枚猎鹰9号♥火箭发射升空 执行将美国宇航局最新太空望远镜送入轨道的任务:
a Falcon 9 rocket blasts off on a mission to deploy NASA's newest space telescope into orbit:
凌日系外行星勘测卫星 简称TESS
the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS.
TESS就像是对整个天空的勘测 是对这些恒星周围最近的100光年左右的行星的勘测
TESS is like a survey of the whole sky, a survey of the nearest 100 light‐years or so of planets that would be around these stars.
在接下来的十年里
NARRATOR: Over the next decade,
科学家们希望TESS能够完成它的主要任务:
scientists expect that TESS will fulfill its primary mission:
发现数千颗所谓的系外行星
to discover thousands of so‐called exoplanets.
萨莫斯:系外行星是存在于我们太阳系之外的行星
SUMMERS: Exoplanets are planets that exist outside of our solar system.
毫无疑问 我们正处在系外行星探索的黄金时代
We're certainly in an exoplanet golden age of discovery.
20年前 我们不知道宇宙中是否还有类似地球的行星
20 years ago, we didn't know if there were other Earth‐like planets in the universe.
现在 我们无法想象能以如此高的速度去发现新事物 并仍在试图理解它
And now we can't imagine how we could discover things at a higher rate and still try to make sense of it.
为了跟上我们现在的发现 这是一场艰苦的斗争
It's such a struggle just to keep up with the discoveries that we're making right now.
直到最近
NARRATOR: It is only recently,
随着深空卫星和高能望远镜的发展
with the development of deep‐space satellites and high‐powered telescopes,
我们能更准确地了解附近的行星
that a more accurate understanding of nearby planets,
尤其是有能力维持人类生命的行星
especially planets capable of supporting human life,
这样的探索已经可行了
has been possible.
但就在不久前 在我们的银河系中 类地行星的概念还不完全为人知
But it wasn't so long ago that the notion of Earth‐like planets existing in our galaxy wasn't simply unknown;
这被认为是亵渎神明
it was considered blasphemy.
当16世纪的意大利哲学家和宇宙学家乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺表达他的信仰时
When the 16th century Italian philosopher and cosmologist Giordano Bruno expressed his belief
他在《无限的世界》一书中提出了其他行星可能孕育生命的可能性
in "an infinity of worlds" and raised the possibility that other planets could harbor life,
他被指控犯有异端罪并处以火刑
he was charged with heresy and burned at the stake.
加来道雄:相信外星生命的存在
KAKU: It was heretical, revolutionary,
是异端的、革命性的行为
to believe that there could be alien life out there.
乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺在罗马的大街上被活活烧死 他犯了什么罪?
Giordano Bruno was burned alive in the streets of Rome, and what was his crime?
就因为说在其他星球上有外星人
To say that there are aliens out there on other planets.
亨利:你不能有那样的想法
HENRY: You weren't allowed to think like that.
它挑战了他们所有的资质和权力结构
It challenged all their predispositions and their power structure.
“不 没有别的世界 外面什么也没有 ”
"No, there are no other worlds. There's nothing out there."
但是外面总是存在一些东西
But there is something out there,
这是毫无疑问的
there's no question about it.
就在20世纪90年代早期
NARRATOR: As recently as the early 1990s,
天文学家仍然无法探测到这些遥远的行星
astronomers were still unable to detect these distant planets,
即使是高功率望远镜
even with high‐powered telescopes.
我们很难看到系外行星
It's hard to see an exoplanet.
想象一下 在聚光灯下看一只萤火虫
Imagine trying to look at a firefly next to a spotlight.
这是非常困难的 因为恒星会发出自己的光
It's incredibly difficult because stars shine by their own light.
它们发出自己的光 而行星则反射光
They give off their own light, but planets reflect light.
一颗普通恒星的亮度大约是一颗行星的100亿倍
A typical star is about ten billion times brighter than a planet.
由于技术的显著进步
NARRATOR: Thanks to remarkable advances in technology,
1992年 天文学家首次使用地球望远镜发现了一颗系外行星
astronomers made the very first discovery of an exoplanet in 1992 using an Earth‐based telescope.
但随着开普勒的发射 这一搜寻工作在2009年进入高♥潮♥ 开普勒是第一架专门用来寻找系外行星的太空望远镜
But that search kicked into high gear in 2009 with the launch of Kepler, the first space telescope specially designed to find exoplanets.
2018年 开普勒被更强大的TESS取代
And in 2018, Kepler was replaced by the even more powerful TESS.
TESS很酷的一点是
So, one of the really cool things about TESS,
它是美国宇航局新发射的卫星
the new satellite that NASA's put up,
基本上它是通过所谓的凌日法 专门设计来探测系外行星的
is basically it was specifically designed to detect exoplanets by what's called the transit method,
也就是说 当一颗行星经过一颗恒星的前面时
which is where, when a planet goes in front of a star,
它会短暂地挡住光线 你真的会看到光线忽明忽暗
it blocks the light briefly and you really see the light blink on and off.
艾米•希拉•泰特尔:这个故事告诉你 可能有什么东西从它前面经过
AMY SHIRA TEITEL: That tell‐tale dip is what tells you there might be something that's passing in front of it.
规律性的变化告诉你轨道路径
The regularity tells you about the orbit,
这是寻找新行星最简单的方法
which is the easiest way to actually start looking for new planets.
虽然寻找系外行星的最初目的 只是为了确定银河系中的恒星轨道上可能有多少颗行星
NARRATOR: Although the initial objective in the search for exoplanets was simply to determine how many stars in our galaxy might have planets in orbit around them,
但实际结果令人震惊
the actual results were staggering.
我们的星系大约有 4000亿颗恒星
Our galaxy has around, um, 400 billion stars.
从我们目前看到的情况来看 平均来说
From what we've seen so far is, on average,
每颗恒星至少有一颗行星
every star has at least one planet.
这意味着银河系中
So that means that there are 400 billion, at least,
至少有4000亿颗行星
planets in our galaxy.
仅在银河系就有4000亿颗行星?
NARRATOR: 400 billion planets in the Milky Way galaxy alone?
这么多系外行星的发现 标志着我们对宇宙的认识发生了根本性的变化
The discovery of such an extraordinary number of exoplanets represents a radical change in our understanding of the universe.
但更激进的观点是 数百万颗这样的行星 可能不仅能够支持生命 而且能够产生生命
But even more radical is the notion that millions of those planets might actually be capable of not just supporting life but generating it.
为此 天文学家和天体物理学家积极寻找他们称之为“宜居带”的行星
And, to that end, astronomers and astrophysicists actively search for planets in a region they refer to as the Goldilocks zone.
丹宁:“宜居带”指的是某颗恒星的宜居带 即在某一特定类型的行星上 水是液态的
DENNIN: The Goldilocks zone is exactly that range for a given star of where water is gonna be liquid on a given type of planet.
加来道雄:我们想要一个不太近的行星
KAKU: We want a planet that is not too close,
又离母星不远
not too far from the mother star,
但刚刚好
but just right.
可能有氧气和水的行星
Planets that may have oxygen and H2O, water,
这可能会形成大气层 甚至生命
that may make possible an atmosphere and maybe even life.
根据目前的观察 科学家们对存在于宜居带的潜在宜居行星的数量感到震惊
NARRATOR: Based upon current observations, scientists are astounded by the number of potentially habitable planets that exist in the Goldilocks zone.
萨莫斯:银河系至少有4000亿颗行星
SUMMERS: With at least 400 billion planets in our galaxy,
如果你只看其中的1%
if you just look at one percent of that,
仍然有数十亿颗可能适合居住的行星
you're still talking about billions of planets that could potentially be habitable.
这很令人兴奋 因为我们曾以为我们是镇上唯一的游戏
This is exciting 'cause we once thought that we were the only game in town,
只存在于地球上的游戏
that can only exist on the planet Earth.
丹宁:系外行星的发现
DENNIN: The discovery of exoplanets,
我认为这真的改变了我们对宇宙中存在生命的看法
I think it's really changed our view of the potential for life in the universe.
从根本上说 我认为大多数科学家现在都会同意 在宇宙的其他地方存在着某种形式的生命
Fundamentally, I think most scientists would now agree that there is some form of life elsewhere in the universe.
但是尽管有大量的可居住的外行星
NARRATOR: But in spite of the abundance of habitable exoplanets,
许多科学家仍然坚持认为 在地球之外可能存在的唯一一种生命是微生物或细菌
many scientists still cling to the notion that the only kind of life likely to exist outside of Earth is microbial or bacterial.
他们拒绝接受这个观点： 这些行星不仅可能包含更复杂或更进化的生命形式
They are resistant to what they claim are far‐fetched notions that these planets might not only contain more sophisticated or evolved life‐forms,
而且还可能包含智能生命形式
but intelligent life‐forms,
有些比我们人类更先进或技术更先进
some much more evolved or technologically advanced than our own.
想想
Think about it.
宇宙大约有138亿年的历史
The universe is about 13.8 billion years old.
地球有46亿年的历史
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old.
数十亿年的文明
Civilizations, over billions of years,
即使在地球形成之前 这些文明也可能有兴衰起伏
could have risen and fallen even before the Earth was formed.
尽管意识到银河系中充满了类地行星 这可能引发了一场传统科学思想的革命
NARRATOR: Although the realization that the galaxy is teeming with Earth‐like planets has triggered a revolution in conventional scientific thinking,
就古代宇航员理论家而言
as far as ancient astronaut theorists are concerned,
它只是证实了他们一直以来的信念
it merely confirms what they have believed all along.
索卡罗斯:过去几年发现的系外行星是绝对不同寻常的
TSOUKALOS: The discoveries of exoplanets over the past few years have been absolutely extraordinary.
我记得他们第一次发现这颗系外行星的时候
I remember that the first time they discovered this first exoplanet,
我和我的同事们好像在说:“好吧 这将是许多系外行星中的第一颗”
and me and my colleagues were like‐‐ were saying, "Okay, this will be the first of many."
现在 很明显 每天都有多达三颗系外行星被发现
And now, apparently, as many as three exoplanets are being discovered on a daily basis.
我们一直说的是
So what we've said all along,
地球在这个巨大的宇宙中并不是独一无二的
that Earth is not unique in this gigantic universe,
结果证明是正确的
turns out to be correct.
这就提出了我们提出的问题
This raises the question that we've been bringing up,
有证据表明 几千年来 有来自其他文明的某种形式的造访
that for thousands of years, there's evidence of some type of visitation from other civilizations.
我们希望 我们的科学能够探测到系外行星
Hopefully, our sciences are able to now detect exoplanets,
这将使我们能够确定一些外星人曾经造访过我们的真实家园
will allow us to pinpoint some of these actual home worlds where aliens have been visiting us.
我认为大部分在这个宜居带的行星都有与我们非常相似的生命
TSOUKALOS: I propose that most of those planets that are in this Goldilocks zone have life very similar to ours.
唯一的问题是:他们是几千年前来到这里的人吗?
The only question is: was it them who came here thousands of years ago?
但是尽管越来越多的主流科学家承认 从理论上讲 智能生命可以
NARRATOR: But while a growing number of mainstream scientists do admit that intelligent life can, theoretically,
存在于银河系的其他地方
exist elsewhere within our galaxy,
他们还认为 这些行星和我们地球之间的距离太远 任何外星访客都不可能出现
they also argue that the distances between those planets and our own are too vast for any extraterrestrial visitation to take place.
这一立场使他们与古代宇航员理论家发生了直接的理念冲突
It is a position that puts them in direct conflict with ancient astronaut theorists,
他们认为 外太空旅行的关键可以在爱因斯坦的相对论中找到
who contend that the keys to extraterrestrial space travel can be found in Albert Einstein's theory of relativity,
远古外星人（2009）
Ancient Aliens
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