远古外星人（2009）
Ancient Aliens S14E09
Part 2
Jan. 19, 2022, 11:03 a.m.
有几个缓步动物还活着
there were several of the tardigrades that were still alive.
现在 在过去的20年里 毫无疑问微生物是天生的太空旅行者
Now, in the last 20 years, it was shown beyond any doubt that microbes are essentially born space travelers.
他们几乎可以在任何你能想到的严酷环境中生存下来
They can survive almost any of the rigors that you can think of that would greet them in space.
高温
High temperatures,
高辐射
high radiation,
极端的寒冷 甚至强烈的炎热
intense cooling and even intense heating.
也有证据表明 微生物可以很容易地在像彗星一样的物体中生存
It's also well established that microorganisms can very easily survive in bodies like comets
很可能生活在木卫二和土卫二这样的星球上
and could well live in bodies like Europa and Enceladus
因为那里有冰 所以在冰壳下面有液态水
because there is ice there, there is liquid water oceans underneath the icy crust.
近年来 天文学家发现了越来越多可能孕育生命的行星
NARRATOR: In recent years, astronomers are identifying more and more planets that could potentially harbor life.
有些人认为微生物生命最初是在这些遥远的行星上进化而来的
Some believe that microbial life first evolved on one of these distant planets.
亿万年之后 流星的撞击将其中一些微生物送入太空
Eons later, meteor impacts blasted some of them into space,
然后它们在彗星上扎根
where they took root in comets.
但即使是真的
But even if true,
它们是如何降落地球并感染人类的?
how could they descend to Earth and infect humans?
胡佛:我们知道一个事实 来自太阳系其他天体的物质不断地降落在地球表面
HOOVER: We know for a fact that material from other bodies in our solar system is continually raining down on the surface of the planet Earth,
当它进入地球大气层 然后降落在海洋、湖泊或河流中时
and it could well be bringing with it dead and possibly even living microorganisms as it enters the Earth's atmosphere
它很可能携带着死去的 甚至是活着的微生物
and then lands in oceans or lakes or streams of the planet.
这能解释历史上导致数百万人生病和死亡的许多瘟疫吗?
NARRATOR: Could this explain many of the plagues that sickened and killed millions throughout history?
2007年 一个国际研究团队在西班牙的内华达山脉建立了一个研究机构
In 2007, an international team of researchers set up a research facility in the Sierra Nevada mountains of Spain
收集从空中坠落到地球的微生物的数据
to collect data on microbes falling to Earth from the sky.
他们的发现仍然存在争议
What they discovered remains controversial.
落在地球上的病毒总数大约是每平方米8亿个
The total amount of viruses that were falling down on the Earth was something like 800 million individual viruses per square meter of the Earth.
当然他们得出的结论是 本质上病毒是从地球表面飘起
The conclusion they came to, of course, was that this was essentially viruses that were lofted from the surface of the Earth,
被带到云端 然后又被带回地球
taken up to the clouds and brought back.
我想有些病毒会以这种再循环的方式落入地球
Now, I think some would have been recirculated in this way,
但不是全部
but not all,
我觉得这是科学在结论上不诚实的最引人注目的例子之一
and I feel that this is one of the most striking examples of science being essentially dishonest in its conclusions.
落在地球上的每平方米8亿病毒一定包括来自外太空的病毒
These 800 million viruses per square meter falling on the Earth must include viruses that are coming from outside.
尽管一些科学家认为地球上的生命 实际上起源于彗星上落下的微生物
NARRATOR: Although some scientists believe that life on Earth actually originated with microbes that rained down from comets,
一种被称为生源说的理论
a theory known as panspermia,
一个更有争议的理论 称为定向生源说 认为这些彗星被送到这里不是偶然的
an even more controversial theory called directed panspermia proposes that these comets were sent here not by accident,
而是故意的
but deliberately.
如果我是外星物种
If I'm an alien species,
我想在另一个星球上建立殖民地
and I want to start a colony on a different planet,
想想我们现在在做什么
think of what we're doing now.
我们想把人类送回月球
We want to send human beings back to the Moon.
我们想把人类送上火星
We want to send human beings to Mars.
如果他们不是那样做的呢？
What if that's not what they did?
如果古代外星人没有发送完整的生命形式
What if the ancient aliens didn't send complete life-forms,
而是发送亚微观的生命形式?
but sent submicroscopic life-forms?
主流科学家仍然怀疑微生物能否在冰冷的彗星里存活数千年
NARRATOR: Mainstream scientists remain skeptical that microbes can survive for thousands of years inside icy comets,
更不用说它们可能被故意送到地球来改变人类进化的这种理论
much less that they might be sent to Earth deliberately to alter human evolution.
但也有人认为证据就在地球上
But others argue that the proof can be found right here on Earth,
在最接近彗星的环境中:
in the closest environment we have to comets:
冰封的冰川深处
The icy depths of glaciers.
加拿大 惠斯勒 2019年4月17日
Whistler Canada April 17, 2019..
古代宇航员理论家乔治•索卡罗斯 和美国宇航局退休科学家理查德•胡佛博士
Ancient astronaut theorist Giorgio Tsoukalos and retired NASA scientist Dr. Richard Hoover
准备登上一架直升机 前往加拿大荒野的一个巨大冰洞
are about to board a helicopter bound for a massive ice cave in the Canadian wilderness.
好了 准备好了吗?
All right, you ready for this?
- 是的 当然 - 好的
- Yes, absolutely. - All right.
胡佛博士职业生涯的大部分时间都在研究化石 寻找外星微生物的迹象
NARRATOR: Dr. Hoover spent most of his career studying fossils for signs of extraterrestrial microscopic life,
他是生源说的主要支持者
and is a leading proponent of panspermia,
地球上的生命最初是来自外太空的彗星
the idea that life on Earth originally rained down from comets in outer space.
他邀请乔治陪他去调查惠斯勒冰洞……我一直很喜欢这个
He has invited Giorgio to accompany him while he investigates the Whistler ice cave... I always love this.
他相信他们会在那里找到充满微生物的冰川 里面也许还有更复杂的生命形式
NARRATOR: Where he is confident they will find the glacial ice teeming with microbial and perhaps even more sophisticated life-forms.
可能存在几千年历史的生物
Life-forms that may be thousands of years old.
胡佛:哦 这真是……
HOOVER: Oh, this is just...
- 绝对的宏伟 - 真的是
- absolutely magnificent. - It really is.
如果外星病毒到达地球
NARRATOR: If alien viruses are reaching Earth,
胡佛博士认为那些找不到宿主的病毒可以在这样的环境中长♥期♥生存
Dr. Hoover suggests that those that don't find a host could survive within such an environment for long periods of time.
今天 他将在实验室里检查冰川 寻找完美的样本进行分♥析♥
Today, he'll examine the glacier for the perfect samples to analyze in his laboratory.
理查德 你来这里做这个实验是不是很兴奋?
So, Richard, how excited are you to be here to conduct this experiment?
(笑)嗯 我非常兴奋
(chuckles): Well, I'm tremendously excited.
- 这绝对是个好机会… - 是的
- This-this is absolutely a-a marvelous opportunity... - Yeah.
做更多关于冰川中的生命研究
To do more studies of life in ice.
经过20分钟的直升机飞行 探险队到达了彭伯顿冰川的惠斯勒冰洞
NARRATOR: After a 20-minute helicopter ride, the team arrives at the Whistler ice cave in the Pemberton glacier.
索卡罗斯:哇
TSOUKALOS: Wow.
- 太不可思议了 - 是的 太惊人了
- This is incredible. - HOOVER: Yeah, amazing.
胡佛:看那个
HOOVER: Look at that.
这个冰洞里一定有千变万化的蓝色
There must be a thousand shades of blue in this ice cave.
绝对的精彩
Just absolutely fantastic.
这里我们看到所有这些华丽的蓝色
And here we see all of these magnificent shades of blue,
在上面你可以看到黑色的条纹
and up there you see big streaks of black.
冰川会腐蚀岩石 当它们腐蚀岩石时
Glaciers like to eat rocks, and as they eat rocks,
岩石聚集在冰川里面 当阳光穿过冰层照射到岩石上时
the rocks gather inside, and when the sun shines through the ice and hits the rocks,
阳光可以使它融化 形成漂亮的小水池
it can cause it to melt and form nice little pools of water,
然后细菌和藻类会在里面生长 呼吸并产生它们的…光合作用的产物
and then when bacteria and algae grow in there and respire and produce their... their photosynthetic products,
他们制♥造♥自己的大气
they make their own atmosphere.
所以在这个冰川的每一块小岩石周围 都有一个微小的行星系统 有自己的生物圈 自己的大气
So, around every tiny rock in this glacier, there is a tiny planetary system with its own biology, its own atmosphere,
有它自己的土壤 和它自己的海洋
its own soil, in effect. And its own oceans.
这里的冰已经有好几万年的历史了
NARRATOR: The ice here is tens of thousands of years old.
但是胡佛博士相信这里充满了生命
But Dr. Hoover believes it is teeming with life.
哇 我是说 这真是太壮观了
Wow. I mean, this is, uh, spectacular.
你刚刚描述了 我们的环境
So, you just described, basically, our environment
- 在微观层面上 - 没错
- on a microscopic level. - Exactly.
胡佛:在我们的上方 在这片奇妙的冰川中 有大量的生物活动
HOOVER: There is an enormous amount of biology above us and throughout this wonderful glacier.
我们要做的是取一个美丽的蓝色冰的核心样本
What we're about to do is take a core sample of this beautiful blue ice.
索卡罗斯:那么 你具体在找什么
TSOUKALOS: So, what are you looking for specifically
- 现在? - 我想做的第一件事是切掉外层 进入内部的冰
- right now? - What I want to do first is chop away an outer layer and get into the inner ice.
我们将在冰的内部寻找冰冻的微生物
We'll be looking inside of the ice for the ice microorganisms.
现在我们知道不可能有任何污染
Now we know there can't possibly be any contamination,
因为这些冰一直在冰川里 现在只是刚刚露出来
because this ice has been in the glacier and now is only freshly exposed.
现在我们取出它的核心
And now we take the core.
现在我们进入了冰层
Now we're into the ice.
我把冰核取出来
I'll pull the ice core out.
- 还好吗? - 嗯
- It's okay? - Mm-hmm.
这就够了 对吧?
And that's enough, right?
- 这就够了 是的 - 好的 很棒
- That's enough. Yeah. - Okay, great.
对于第一个样本
For that first sample.
- 对 盖上它 - 好的
- Yeah, cap that. - Okay.
所有在冰中生长的微生物生长都非常非常缓慢
All the microorganisms that grow in ice typically grow very, very slowly.
所以…事实上 有些微生物每半个世纪才繁殖一次
So... In fact, there are some microorganisms that only reproduce once every half a century,
- 或者一个世纪一次 - 嗯
- or once a century. - Mm-hmm.
所以在这里发现的微生物
So the microbes that are found in here,
他们是处于假死状态 还是在四处移♥动♥?
are they in suspended animation, or are they moving around?
可能两者兼而有之
Probably both.
所以 本质上 你说的是整个洞穴充满了生命 - 是的
So, essentially, what you're saying is that this entire cave - is filled with life. - Yes.
但不仅如此
But not just that.
整个冰盖都充满了生命
This entire ice cap is filled with life.
这里存在大量的微生物并茁壮成长 它们喜欢生活在冰洞的低温中
There is this enormous amount of microorganisms that live and thrive and love to live in these low temperatures of the... of the ice cave that we have here,
这里有冰洞和遍布地球的冰川
and ice caves and icy, uh, glaciers all over the planet Earth.
也许微生物存在于我们整个太阳系的冰天雪地里 也许……可能广泛分布在整个宇宙中
And probably all over icy regions within our entire solar system, and maybe... maybe widely distributed throughout the entire universe.
我们本质上是在一颗彗星里吗?
Are we essentially inside the interior of a... of a comet?
- 是这样的吗? - 嗯…
- Is this what it looks like? - Well...
是的 微生物可以生活在冰里
Yes. Microorganisms can live in ice,
而冰是彗星的主要成分
and ice is the dominant component of comets.
在彗星进入另一个星系之前 生物可以在彗星的冰物质的保护下存活
Organisms can remain alive and protected by the icy material of the comet until it arrives into another solar system
然后大块的外层物质会炸掉 这样就能找到一颗它认为是美好家园的行星
and blows off chunks of material that can find a planet that it can consider a wonderful home.
因此 这基本上与生源说的整个概念有关
And so, this basically ties in to the whole idea of panspermia.
水是一个很好的辐射屏障
Water is a wonderful radiation shield.
当你有一颗直径几英里的彗星时
And when you have a comet that is a few miles in diameter,
在彗星地壳内部
on the inside of that cometary crust,
所有这些宏伟的冰都被冻结了 然后微生物利用来回进出的物质来重新激活
there is all of this magnificent ice that has been frozen, and then reworked with material going in and out.
所以彗星不仅仅是生源说的宏伟场所
So comets are not just a magnificent place for panspermia.
我相信彗星绝对是生命起源的奇妙场所
I am convinced that comets are an absolutely wonderful place for the origin of life.
令人难以置信的是 乔治和胡佛博士发现冰川不仅仅是微观生命的家园
NARRATOR: Incredibly, Giorgio and Dr. Hoover discover that the glacier isn't home to just microscopic life.
这很宏伟 看 这些冰虫
This is magnificent. Look, these ice worms.
这只刚从冰川里爬出来
This one has just crawled out of the glacier.
- 哦 哇 - 他在冰的深处 看看这个
- Oh, wow. - He's deep in the ice. Look at this.
远古外星人（2009）
Ancient Aliens
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