远古外星人（2009）

Ancient Aliens S14E05

Part 2 Jan. 19, 2022, 11:02 a.m.

几十年来
For decades,
主流观点认为地球上的生命是由所谓的“原始汤”自发产生的
the mainstream viewpoint has been that life on Earth spontaneously arose from a so-called "primordial soup,"
或者是地球原始海洋中的有机化合物
or organic compounds in the planet’s primitive oceans.
但是科学家仍然不确定生命是如何从无生命的物质发展而来的
But scientists are still uncertain as to just how life would’ve been able to develop from inanimate matter.
相反维克拉马辛哈博士认为地球上根本就没有生命
Instead, Dr. Wickramasinghe suggests that life didn’t start on Earth at all,
而是通过陨石和彗星被送到我们的星球上
but was delivered to our planet on meteorites and comets.
这个概念被称为“生源说”
The concept is known as "panspermia."
每一本我们在10到20年前学过的生物学教科书都是从原始汤的故事讲起的
Every single textbook on biology that, uh, we would’ve studied maybe ten, 20 years ago starts with the story of the primordial soup.
根本没有证据证明这一点
There is no evidence for this at all,
所以原始汤理论的另一种解释是生命不是从地球上开始的
and so the alternative to the primordial soup theory is that life did not start here on the Earth,
而是来自外部
but came from outside.
有两种类型的生源说:
TSOUKALOS: There are two types of panspermia:
其中之一就是生源说这表明生命是在整个宇宙中由彗星承载的
one which is just panspermia, which suggests that life was carried on the backs of comets throughout the universe.
所以这是行星的自然播种
So it’s a natural seeding of the planets.
现在第二个术语是所谓的定向生源论
Now, the second term is what’s called directed panspermia
其背后的定义是一个遥远星球上的智能科技物种故意向特定的星球发送生命积木
and the definition behind that is that an intelligent technological species on a distant planet deliberately sent out building blocks of life to particular planets,
所以这个想法是也许很久以前
so the idea is that Earth, perhaps, a long time ago,
生命是由外星人播种的
was seeded by extraterrestrials.
几十年来主流科学家一直摒弃生源说的理论认为生命无法在极端的太空条件下生存
NARRATOR: For decades, mainstream scientists have dismissed the theory of panspermia on the basis that life could not survive the extreme conditions of space.
但最近的一项发现可能证明这一观点是错误的
But a recent discovery could prove that notion wrong,
并提供生源说不仅会发生的物证
and possibly provide physical evidence that panspermia not only occurred,
而且它仍然影响着地球上的生命
but continues to affect life on Earth.
弥尔顿凯恩斯英格兰
Milton Keynes, England.
2019年3月
March 2019.
古代宇航员理论家乔治•索卡罗斯前往开放大学与行星科学家陈奎妮博士会面
Ancient astronaut theorist Giorgio Tsoukalos travels to The Open University to meet with planetary scientist Dr. Queenie Chan.
陈博士吗?
Dr. Chan?
- 乔治! - 你好
-Giorgio! -Hello.
- 很高兴见到你 - 欢迎来到这里
-Great pleasure to meet you. -Welcome here.
我也很高兴认识你欢迎
Nice to meet you, too. Welcome.
非常感谢你带我来这里
Thank you so much for bringing me here.
陈博士最近分♥析♥了1998年发现的两块陨石期间发现了一些意想不到的事情
NARRATOR: Dr. Chan recently analyzed two meteorites recovered in 1998 and discovered something incredibly unexpected,
含有液态水的盐晶体
a salt crystal containing liquid water.
乔治急于找出这一发现的含义
Giorgio is eager to find out what the implications of this discovery could be,
假如它能提供更多的证据证明地球上的生命是由外星人播种的
and if it might provide further evidence that life on Earth was seeded by extraterrestrials.
这里我们有一个装满重陨石的盒子 (笑)
So here we’ve got a box full of heavy meteorites. (chuckles)
哦哇
Oh, wow.
在一个石质陨石中我们发现了一种叫做球粒陨石的东西它们很有趣因为里面有有机材料
Within a stony meteorite, we’ve got something called the chondritic meteorite. They are interesting because they have organic materials in it.
我发现的陨石非常有趣特别
The meteorite that I found extremely interesting, uh, special,
两个陨石,实际上……扎格和莫纳汉斯陨石
two meteorites, actually... Zag and Monahans meteorite.
它们都是普通的球粒陨石
They are both ordinary chondrites,
但他们并不平凡 (咯咯地笑) 他们都是在1998年坠入地球的
but they are not ordinary. (chuckles) They both fell to Earth in 1998.
更有趣的是
And what’s more interesting is,
这两种陨石都有盐晶体
both of these meteorite has salt crystal,
那令人惊叹的蓝色
that stunning blue coloration to them.
更有趣的是在这些盐晶体中
More interesting is, within this salt crystals,
我们发现了水
we found water,
其中包含液态水
liquid water inclusion within them.
我在想这个问题
I’m trying to wrap my mind around this.
你是说你发现了含有液态水的陨石
So you’re telling me that you found meteorites that actually contain liquid water in them.
对于那些认为水可能是在落到地球上之后才进入陨石的人你会说些什么呢?
What would you say to someone who would argue that maybe the water entered the meteorite -after it fell on Earth?
- 我们很幸运
-We were lucky
因为它们都是在干燥的条件下坠落的
because they both fell in a dry condition,
一旦陨石被我们观测到在坠落我们很快就会去回收
and they were retrieved really quickly once they... we observed the fall.
所以它没有被雨水污染
So it was not contaminated by the rain.
好吧
Okay.
我们应该在清洁实验室看下吗?
Should we have a look at it in the clean lab?
是的那太好了
Yes, please, that would be amazing.
在他们检查陨石样本之前乔治和陈博士换上了防护装备使实验室保持无菌
NARRATOR: Before they can examine the meteorite sample, Giorgio and Dr. Chan change into protective gear that will keep the laboratory sterile.
好吧
All right.
-就这样了? -就这样
-And so this is it? -This is it.
- 我们应该在显微镜下看一下吗? - 是的请
-Should we have a look under the microscope? -Yes, please, yes.
现在试着转移注意力
Trying to move that in focus now.
在这里
There it is.
我要把它放大
I’m going to enlarge it on my screen.
这是它你看到的是陨星上的一粒水
This is it. You’re looking at a speck of water in a meteorite.
这是我们第一次在水中发现氨基酸
This is the first time that we’ve found amino acids with water.
这不同寻常
This is extraordinary.
氨基酸?
NARRATOR: Amino acids?
这些有机化合物是生命的基石
These organic compounds are the building blocks of life,
所以在陨石的液态水中发现它们是非同寻常的
so finding them within liquid water on a meteorite is extraordinary.
像这样的外星蛋白质会在地球上出现吗?
Could alien proteins like these have started life on Earth?
在撞击地球的小行星中发现的蓝盐晶体最令人兴奋的是其中的氨基酸
One of the exciting things about the discovery of the blue salt crystals in the asteroids that crashed to Earth is really the amino acids.
氨基酸是蛋白质的组成部分
Amino acids are the building block of protein,
因此它确实表明地球并不是唯一存在那种化学物质
and so it really shows that Earth isn’t the only place where the right chemistry exists
那种化学物质可以正确合成生命
for which you can get life.
加来道雄:生源论不能被忽视
MICHIO KAKU: The panspermia theory cannot be dismissed,
其中一个原因是:在早期地球我们被流星和小行星撞击
and one reason is as follows: in the early Earth, we were hit by meteors and asteroids,
所以我们的海洋在过去可能已经蒸发过很多次了
so our oceans probably boiled off many times in the past,
无法适合生命生存
making life impossible.
但是当太阳系平静下来后我们就有了海洋……开始繁荣……生命开始起飞
But then when the solar system became quiet and we had oceans... boom... life gets off the ground.
科学家们正在寻找越来越多的证据表明有机物质在数十亿年前从其他星球来到这里
NARRATOR: Scientists are finding more and more evidence that shows organic material arrived here from other worlds billions of years ago,
有些人认为这个过程一直持续到今天
and some believe that process continues to this day.
这是什么?
What is this?
- 这是毫微模拟 - 明白了
-This is a NanoSIMS. -Okay.
它可以进行同位素分♥析♥
It’s capable of doing isotopic analysis.
在另一个实验室里
NARRATOR: In another laboratory,
陈博士向乔治展示了一台在纳米尺度上分♥析♥陨石样品的机器
Dr. Chan shows Giorgio the machine that analyzed the meteorite samples on a nanometer scale.
结果显示在电脑屏幕上
The results are then displayed on a computer screen,
展示了地球上发现的氨基酸和来自太空的氨基酸之间的比较
showing a comparison between amino acids found on Earth and those that arrived here from space.
这很有趣因为首先
This is very interesting, because, uh, first of all,
我们看到一堆氨基酸在地球生命中很常见
we’re seeing a bunch of amino acids that are common in-in terrestrial life,
在这里我们有其他的外星生物
and over here, we’ve got other extraterrestrial
含有胺基酸 - 真的?
-amino acid inside. -Really?
这是一个革命性的发现
This is a revolutionary discovery.
我马上想到了生源说…… 生命通过我们无法理解的方式被带到整个银河系
I immediately go to the idea of panspermia... that life has been brought throughout the entire galaxy by means with which we can’t even fathom how it was done.
我们知道蛋白质的构建块是生命所必需的这些构建块就是我们在地球上发现的氨基酸
The building blocks of protein that we know to be necessary for life, these very building blocks, the same amino acids that we found on Earth,
氨基酸在宇宙中无处不在
is ubiquitous in the, in the universe.
它无处不在在小行星上也发现了氨基酸
It’s everywhere. It’s found on-on asteroid.
它也存在于彗星上
It’s found on-on comets, too.
那么据你估计在其他地方开始生命的可能性有多大呢?
So, in your estimation, what is the likelihood of life having begun elsewhere?
我们有这么多不同的星系有这么多类地行星
We’ve got so many different galaxies and there are so many Earth-like planets,
我们可以在其他地方找到水
and, uh, we-we could have water elsewhere.
我们知道氨基酸是生命的基石
We-we know that amino acids, the building blocks of life,
它无处不在
are ubiquitous,
所以我觉得完全有可能
um, so I think it-it’s totally possible.
非常感谢你与我分享这些信息
Thank you so much for sharing this information with me.
我认为这是我经历过的最具启发性的谈话之一
I think this has been one of the most enlightening conversations that I’ve ever had.
- 所以谢谢你抽出时间 - 非常感谢
-So thank you for your time. -Thank you very much.
- 是的很高兴你能来 - 谢谢好的
-Yup. Good to have you here. -Thank you. All right.
生命的种子是藏在陨石里被送到地球上的吗? 可能是在我们海洋的最深处培育出新的外星物种吗?
NARRATOR: Are the seeds of life being sent to Earth inside meteorites and possibly developing new alien species in the deepest parts of our oceans?
如果是这样
And if so,
目的是什么呢?
to what end?
也许通过研究海洋中最神秘、最聪明的生物之一可以找到更多的线索:
Perhaps further clues can be found by examining one of the most mysterious and intelligent creatures in the sea:
章鱼
the octopus.
2018年3月
NARRATOR: March 2018.
一篇科学论文在报界引起轰动
A scientific paper sparks a sensation in the press.
一个由33名科学家组成的团队
In it, a team of 33 scientists,
包括钱德拉·威克拉马辛哈博士
including Dr. Chandra Wickramasinghe,
声称章鱼拥有外星DNA
claim that octopuses possess extraterrestrial DNA.
我们在章鱼基因组中所发现的是不可思议的
What we find in the octopus genome is just almost uncanny.
它大约有5万个基因
It has something like 50,000 genes.
与人类相比
Compare that with the human,
人类大约有25000个基因
which has something like 25,000 genes.
所以章鱼在很多方面
So the octopus, in many ways,
似乎比人类更复杂
appears to be more complex than the human.
那么这种复杂性是如何表现出来的呢?
Now how did this complexity manifest itself?
有充分的证据表明它来自外部
There’s ample evidence to suggest that it came from outside.
奇尔德里斯：当科学家们研究章鱼时
CHILDRESS: As scientists study octopi,
他们对自己的发现感到惊讶他们并没有发现章鱼与任何祖先生物有联♥系♥
they’re amazed at what they’re finding, and they’re not seeing a connection to some ancestor of the octopi.
就好像这些生物是被带到这里
It’s like these creatures were brought here, in their entirety,