纽约客再现（2015）

很大一部分人的服刑时间
huge numbers of whom are serving sentences much longer
比世上其他地方
than those given for similar crimes
犯了类似罪行的人的服刑时间要久
anywhere else in the civilized world,
某种意义上时间成了你要服的刑
time becomes in every sense this thing you serve.
大规模几乎史无前例的监禁
Mass incarceration on a scale almost unexampled in human history
是如今美国的一个基本事实
is a fundamental fact of our country today,
或许是和1850年的奴隶制
perhaps the fundamental fact
一样的基本事实
as slavery was the fundamental fact of 1850.
总之 现今在美国有更多的人
Overall, there are now more people
是被关在惩教机构
under correctional supervision in America,
比斯大林统治的
more than six million,
鼎盛时期古♥拉♥格♥群岛监禁的人
than were in the gulag Archipelago
还多六百万人次以上
under Stalin at its height.
那个城市的监狱和拘留所规模
That city of the confined and the controlled Lockup Town
如今是美国第二大
is now the second largest in the United States.
虽然我明确地知道人会犯罪
While definitely I understand that people have committed crimes
也必须受到惩罚
and they do have to be penalized,
我们必须明白金钱 等级和种族
we have to understand how money, class, race,
也有影响
plays a part in that.
我两年没见过我妈妈了
我认为很多人不明白
I don't think a lot of individuals understand
大规模监禁会拖垮
how mass incarceration does trickle down
和影响社区然后是个人
and affect the community and then individuals.
对一个社区来说
It is traumatic to a community
当出现不均衡男性的缺席
when disproportionally there is an absence of men
因为大多数在长时间服刑
in the community because so many of them
这是对社区有创伤性的
are serving such long sentences.
被监禁父母们的孩子们
Children of incarcerated parents are nine times more likely
比普通孩子高出九倍的概率犯事
to enter the criminal justice system.
有一个在监狱里的父母
You know, and having a parent that's in prison,
你没有妈妈在生活里支持你
you don't have your mom supporting you through life,
或者你没有爸爸
or you don't have your dad
用必要的方式鼓励你
encouraging you in ways that are necessary to develop.
他们同样担负着父母的罪行
They're also wearing the burdens of their parents' crime.
他们没有犯罪
They didn't commit a crime.
1980年 每十万美国人
In 1980, there were about
有220人被监禁
220 people incarcerated for every 100,000 Americans.
到了2010年 人数涨了三倍
By 2010, the number had more than tripled.
没有其他国家达到这个数
No other country even approaches that.
大规模监禁变成一种打♥压♥黑人的方法
Mass imprisonment became a way of reimposing Jim Crow.
被监禁的黑人的人数
Blacks are now incarcerated
是白人的七倍
seven times as often as whites.
如果趋势继续下去
现今出生的三分之一的黑人男性在他一生中会被监禁
体制没有土崩瓦解
The system isn't broken.
六分之一的拉丁裔男性一生中会被监禁
体制没有土崩瓦解
The system isn't broken.
六分之一的拉丁裔男性一生中会被监禁
只是在做该做的
It is doing what it was designed to do.
六分之一的拉丁裔男性一生中会被监禁
只是在做该做的
It is doing what it was designed to do.
我们是怎样到了这一步的
How did we get here?
在我们的文明中
How is it that our civilization,
将近1%的美国成年人在监狱服刑
拒绝绞刑 鞭刑
which rejects hanging and flogging
和开膛破肚 怎么开始相信
and disemboweling, came to believe
监禁大量的人群数十年
that caging vast numbers of people for decades
是一种可接受的人道制裁
is an acceptably humane sanction.
越来越多的美国监狱
A growing number of American prisons
作为可获利生意
are now contracted out as for-profit businesses
外包给盈利公♥司♥
to for-profit companies.
这些公♥司♥受雇于州政♥府♥
The companies are paid by the state,
他们的利润取决于尽可能少花钱
and their profit depends on spending as little as possible
在囚犯和监狱上
on the prisoners and the prisons.
很难想象公益事业和私人利益
It's hard to imagine any greater disconnect
之间失去联♥系♥
between public good and private profit.
一个资本主义企业
A capitalist enterprise
以摄入人们的痛苦为生
that feeds on the misery of man
尽可能努力试着保证没有什么
trying as hard as it can to be sure that nothing
可以减少痛苦
is done to decrease that misery.
我是一名高级股票研究员
I'm a senior equity research analyst.
我的工作重心在房♥地♥产♥公♥司♥
I focus on real estate companies
同样包括他们的私人监狱部分
which includes the private prison sector.
我们喜欢私人监狱产业的原因是
The reason why we like the private prison industry
从股票投资角度看
from a stock investment perspective,
我们认为有大量的增长机会
we think that there's substantial opportunity for growth.
2004年占有了市场份额的6%
In 2004, there was about 6% market share.
2014年占了8.3%
2014, 8.3%
过去十年 他们大概增长了35%
With the past 10 years, they gained about 35%.
如果量刑改革没有全国范围实现
If sentencing reform does materialize across the country
我们觉得有些地方会实现
like we think some of it will,
我们认为不用担心那么多
we don't think there's too much concern.
如今这对很多投资者来说是一个很有趣
It's an interesting and compelling investment opportunity
而且吸引人的投资机会
for a lot of investors today.
你是怎么来到孩子的承诺机构的
How did you come to be here at Children of Promise jail?
我小的时候我母亲进了监狱
My mother was incarcerated when I was younger.
我还是个婴孩 然后我进了寄养系统
I was a baby, like a young, and I went into foster care.
我爸进监狱的时候我还在我妈的肚子里
I was in my mom's belly when he went to jail.
我爸出狱时 我将是15岁
When my dad gets out, I'll be 15.
我爸爸离得好远
My dad is so far.
我爸爸因为贩卖♥♥毒品进监狱
My dad is in jail because he was selling drugs.
- 毒品相关的原因 - 吸毒
- Drug related reasons. - Drug use.
毒品原因
Drug situation.
我爸被判了20年
They gave my dad 20 years,
时间很长
and that's a long time.
对我母亲来说有点困难
It was kind of hard for my mother,
因为她试着教我所有的东西
'cause she tried to teach me everything,
怎样做一个受教育的黑人
how to be a black educated man.
我没人可以倾诉
I have nobody to talk to.
每个人都有他们的妈妈
That's like... like, everybody has their mom
可以倾诉 但我没有
to talk to, but I don't.
我想和我爸爸做的事是
The things that I want to do with my dad
来一次父女之间的对话
is, like, have a dad-to-daughter talk.
她说 "会好起来
She said, "It will be all right.
你有一天会见到你母亲
"You'll see your mother one of these days,
你会面带你这一生中
"And you're gonna have the biggest smile
最大的微笑"
you'll ever have in your life."
你♥爸♥爸出狱后
What are you gonna say to your daddy
你会对他说什么
when he comes out of prison?
我非常爱你
I love you so much.
我们能去公园吗
And can we go to the park?
在狄更斯和雨果时代 工业革命使
In Dickens' and Hugo's time, it was the Industrial Revolution
孩子们走进矿区
that drove kids to mines,
但是每个社会都有一场风暴 贫穷可怜的人在里面受苦
but every society has a storm that poor wretches suffer in.
态度总是一样的
And the attitude is always the same...
要么是那些可怜的人
Either that the wretches,
已经被苦难折磨得丧失了人性
already dehumanized by their suffering,
不值得同情
deserve no pity,
要么是被不公正压♥迫♥
or that the oppressed, overwhelmed by injustice,
只能等候一个更好的世界
will have to wait for a better world.
每时每刻 不公正
At every moment, the injustice
看起来和社区的生活密不可分
seems inseparable from the community's life,
每次保持现行制度的争论
and in every case, the arguments for keeping the system in place
都是必须变革整个社会秩序
were that you would have to revolutionize the entire social order
为了改变它 接着变成了争论
in order to change it, which then became the argument
变革整个社会秩序
for revolutionizing the entire social order.
每次人道和常识
In every case, humanity and common sense
最终使难以解决的问题
eventually made the insoluble problem
上升然后不了了之
just get up and go away.
改革开始
Reforms begin.
囚犯不必要被监禁的开始被释放
Prisoners needlessly incarcerated start to be released.
但是监狱保留了我们的风暴
But prisons remain our storm,
我们遇到的不公正
our unmissable injustice,
和狠狠地砸在我们的脑袋上的冰雹