詹姆斯·卡梅隆的科幻故事（2018）

James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction S01E01

Part 5 May 10, 2021, 12:05 p.m.

《索拉里斯星》
2002年
索拉里斯星人想要什么
What does Solaris want from us?
你为什么认为他们一定想得到什么
Why do you think it has to want something?
在《星际迷航》中一朵没有固定形态的云
In "Star Trek," An amorphous cloud.
《星际迷航》
1966-1969年
我不明白你的意思
I do not understand.
亚瑟·C·克拉克
《童年的终结》
而在亚瑟·C·克拉克的《童年的终结》中
And in Arthur C. Clarke's "Childhood's End,"
当外星人长这样的时候沟通就会变得艰难
communication can be tough when aliens look like this.
《童年的终结》
2015年
不必害怕
There is no need to be afraid.
当代科幻小说中关于外星人沟通的
One of the best stories about alien communication
最好的故事之一是姜峯楠的
in modern science fiction is Ted Chiang's
《你一生的故事》
姜峯楠
《你一生的故事》
"Story Of Your Life,"
这部小说翻拍的电影《降临》
which became one of the best science-fiction films
也是近几年来最好的科幻片之一
of the last few years, "Arrival."
《降临》
2016年
这才是像样的自我介绍
Now, that's a proper introduction.
我非常喜欢《降临》
I really loved "Arrival,"
因为它的主题是沟通
because it was all about communication
以及在达到真正有效沟通之前
and how many times communication was just thrown out
西格妮·韦弗
演员
我们放弃过多少次
before you see it work.
太令人印象深刻了不是吗
It's so impressionistic, right?
把它呈现在荧幕上要下不少功夫
I mean, it's hard work to bring to the screen.
我想那带来了独特的挑战
I thought that brought its unique challenges.
基努·里维斯
演员
我觉得他们以很酷的方式取得了成功
And I thought they succeeded in a really cool way.
姜峯楠的原创故事
Ted Chiang's original story,
《你一生的故事》
编剧埃里克·海瑟尔
《你一生的故事》
"Story Of Your Life,"
《你一生的故事》
编剧埃里克·海瑟尔
讲的是我们接到了外星种族七肢桶的联♥系♥
is that we are contacted by an alien race, the heptapods.
他们似乎想和我们交换信息
And they seem to want to exchange information with us.
埃里克·海瑟尔
编剧
《降临》
对我的故事我有一个想法
One of the things I wanted to do with my story,
在其他科幻小说里很少看到
that I hadn't seen in a lot of other science fiction
姜峯楠
科幻作家
Story of your life
那就是真正描写出
was to actually depict the process
学习外星语言的过程
of learning an alien language,
这个时候你需要艰难地
when you actually have to painstakingly
理清词汇和语法
work out vocabulary and grammar.
这就是你想弄清楚的对吧
Okay, this is where you want to get to, right?
就是这个问题
That is the question.
"你们来地球的目的是什么"
"What is your purpose on Earth?"
我们都希望得到这个问题的答案
This is the question we're all trying to get to,
而跨越语言障碍
and crossing that language barrier
可能就意味着地球末日
may mean the difference between the end of the Earth
和新思想诞生之间的差异
and the dawning of a new idea.
它说什么
What does it say?
"提供武器"
"Offer weapon."
工具和武器之间的区别
The distinction between tool and weapon
保罗·弗朗莫
语言学家
《阿凡达》
非常关键
becomes crucial.
当然最后我们发现他们的目的
It turns out, of course, that what they intend
根本不是武器而是工具实际上是礼物
is not at all a weapon but a tool -- in fact, a gift.
而这个礼物就是他们的语言
And the gift is their language.
所以这个故事所讲的
And so it becomes a story
并不是外星人入侵
not so much about an alien invasion
埃米·尼科尔森
电影评论家/主持人
佳能秀[著名影评播客]
而是交流是两个物种
but about communication, about two species
努力和彼此沟通
trying to connect with each other.
这种语言的关键在于时间是非线性的
The key part of it is that this is nonlinear --
没有开始和结束
there's no beginning and no end.
所有因素都存在
All the elements are there,
你会直接看到一个整体
and you see it immediately as a whole.
事实上你的整个人生都会展示在面前
In fact, you see your whole life laid out in front of you.
她对他们的语言了解得越深
And the more she understands their language,
就越理解他们的意识
the more she understands their consciousness.
因为他们的意识超越了时间
And because their consciousness transcends time,
安娜李·纽威茨
资深科技文化编辑
《科技之美》
她开始回忆起未来
she starts to remember the future.
《降临》通过外星人讲述了
The aliens in "Arrival," They are a way of talking
一种完全不同的认知模式
about a radically different mode of cognition,
不同的思考方式
different ways of thinking,
对宇宙的不同看法
different ways of looking at the universe.
人类一直都在探讨语言和思想有什么关系
There's an age-old question of how language relates to thought,
语言会如何影响思想
and how language might influence thought.
我在阅读关于这个观点的资料
You know, I was doing some reading about this idea
如果你深入钻研一门外语
that if you immerse yourself into a foreign language,
就可以重新编译自己的大脑
that you can actually rewire your brain.
萨丕尔·沃尔夫假说
Yeah, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
这部电影特别引用了
The movie explicitly references
萨丕尔·沃尔夫假说
something called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
它主张你的语言会产生说话习惯
What it says is, your language creates habits of speech,
而这些说话的习惯
and those habits of speech
会转变为思考的习惯
translate into habits of thought.
因此你的语言会使你以特定方式
And so your language makes you habitually think
习惯性地思考
in certain ways,
而这会对你理解世界的方式产生极大影响
which have a significant impact on the way you see the world.
问题是有多大影响
The question is, how much?
我认为我们的语言
I believe that our language
确实会影响和塑造我们的现实
absolutely does inform our reality and shape it.
在我看来七肢桶的语言
I would think that the way that the heptapods' language
重塑露易丝的时间经历
really reshapes Louise's experience of time
是这种影响的极端体现
is an extreme of that.
但我确实相信我们自己的
But I do believe that the language
世界中不断循环的语言绝对造就了
that we constantly recycle in our own world
我们的现实可能会禁锢我们的思想
absolutely shapes our reality and can be our own prison.
我认为《降临》的结局之美在于
What I find beautiful about the end of "Arrival"
露易丝知道
is that Louise knows
她的未来将充满痛苦和喜悦
that her future is going to bring a lot of pain and joy
如果她陷入爱情如果她生了宝宝
if she falls in love, if she has a baby,
而宝宝又去世了
and when that baby dies.
她知道自己会犯错
She knows she's going to make mistakes
并且因此使丈夫离她而去
that are going to drive her husband away,
但她依然选择了这样的痛苦
and yet she chooses that pain.
也就是说明知你未来的行为
It's this idea of knowing that what you're about to do
将给自己带来痛苦
is going to bring you pain,
但也知道幸福的时刻
but knowing that the happy moments
让这一切都值得
are going to be worth it.
这种想法真的很美
And that's a really beautiful thought.
我和小孩交谈的时候他们说
I talk to kids, and they say,
"你是怎么想到这些外星人的
"Well, where'd you get the idea for all those aliens?
你在哪儿想到的"
Where'd you think that up?"
乔治·卢卡斯
导演/制片人
我说 "去水族馆
I said, "Well, go to the aquarium.
在那儿全都能看见"
You're going to see them all there."
我拍《阿凡达》的时候就是这么做的
That's what I did on "Avatar." Yeah.
我用大海用所有的潜水经历
I took the ocean, I took all my diving,
把它带入其中
and I just brought it into --
我认为这是《阿凡达》最出色的方面之一
To me, that's one of the most brilliant things in "Avatar."
科幻电影会遇到的最大问题之一
One of the biggest problems you have in science fiction,
书里并没有这个问题
with movies -- they don't have it in books or anything --
而在电影里你必须创造一个真实的世界
but in movies, you have to create a real world,
一个并不存在的真实世界
and it's a real world that doesn't exist.
这非常困难要花很长时间